西班牙十字勋章

西班牙十字勋章

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The Spanish Cross (Spanienkreuz) was instituted on April 14th, 1939, to recognize those German Forces who served in the Spanish Civil War (July 1936- March 1939). The condor Legion?who fought on the side of General Franco against communism in Spain was composed, at least publicly, of volunteers. Because of their semi-official status no awards were instituted prior to or during the war, and therefore there was no method to recognize German bravery and accomplishment until 1939. The purpose of the Spanish Cross therefore was two fold; It was not only to be a campaign medal, but also an award recognizing achievements.

西班牙十字勋章(Spanienkreuz)
被设立于1939年4月14日,颁发给在西班牙内战中作出贡献的德军(1936年7月-1939年3月) 。至少是公开的志愿者在西班牙组成了支持佛朗哥将军反对ＧＣＺ義战斗的秃鹰军团, 由于他们是半官方的身份，所以在战争之前和期间都没有设立和颁发勋章, 并且直到1939年都没有方法来肯定德国军人的勇敢和成就。 西班牙十字勋章颁发的目的有2点：它不仅是作战勋章,而且是对成就的肯定和褒奖。

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在邓尼茨[中右]和意大利海军上将[中]旁边的Knoerger[中左]。 在他佩带的西班牙十字勋章下还有其他西班牙奖章, 如果是战功十字勋章，应该是在上衣的左边口袋，是不能佩带于这个位置的。

The Kondor Legion
  The Legion Condor was compromised of over 25,000 troops who pioneered the now famous concepts of blitzkrieg in the field of Spain. In addition to the Spanish Republican Army, the Condor Legion and their allies would come up against Communist forces sent from Russia and "International Legions" (French, Canadian, U.S.). This aid began to arrive and supply the Republican side almost immediately after the War began.

Kondor军团

秃鹰军团首先提出了现在著名的闪电战概念，在西班牙集合了25,000人的队伍。 除西班牙共和党军队之外, 秃鹰军团和他们的盟友还要防备从俄国和"国际军队" (法国,加拿大,美国)而来的ＧＣＺ義力量.在战争开始了之后，这种对共和党的援助几乎就同时开始了。

The Condor Legion ranks were mostly composed of Luftwaffe personnel, who would further develop and test air war tactics and equipment later used with much success throughout World War II. They would participate in critical battles, such as the Aragon Offensive, the Battle of Ebro, and the final assault on Catalonia. They would also be involved in controversial civilian bombing, such as the bombing of the towns of Bilbo and Guernica in 1937. Overall, the War in Spain lasted three years, there were many hard fought battles and 600,000 total lives lost from all causes.

秃鹰军团主要由空军人员组成,实验的空战战术和设备以后被成功运用于在第二次世界大战过程中。他们会参加重要战斗, 譬如Aragon攻势,Ebro战斗,并且对卡塔龙尼亚的最后的攻击。他们并且会被牵涉于有争议的平民轰炸中, 比如1937年Bilbo和Guernica镇的轰炸。总之, 战争在西班牙持续了三年,发生了许多激烈的战斗，以及包括各种情况的总死亡人数约为600,000人。

With German and Italian help, General Franco and the Nationalist forces prevailed. Upon the return of the Condor Legion to the Reich, awards were presented in ceremonies with much flair. On June 6th, 1939, all the recipients paraded through the streets of Berlin in front of Hitler and a rapturous public.

在德国和意大利帮助下,佛朗哥将军和民族Ｚ義军队获的最后胜利。在秃鹰军团返回到德国后,有才能的人出席了授勋仪式。 1939年6月6日,在ＸＴＬ和兴高采烈的公众前面,所有的受勋者举行了通过柏林街道的游行。。

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在1942 年和1944 年之间, 佩带西班牙佩剑十字勋章的Knoerger将军。

The Spanish Cross
The Spanish Cross was awarded in four classes, Bronze, Silver, Gold and Gold with Diamonds. The bronzed and silver classes came in two categories, with swords (combatant) and without swords (non-combatant), while the Gold and Gold with Diamonds classes were awarded only with swords.

西班牙十字勋章
西班牙十字勋章分为四类, 铜, 银, 黄金和黄金加钻石。 被镀铜的和银的分二个类别, 佩剑(战斗员) 和无佩剑(非战员), 而黄金和黄金加钻石则只有加佩剑的。

The award took the shape of an eight pointed convex cross with a mobile swastika in the center disk. The reverse was plain with only the manufacturer mark (if present), and a wide pin and catch soldered to it, from which the Cross was attached to the uniform. Privately purchased copies can be found with the screwback variation, a fastening method that, as with the Iron Cross 1st Class, was preferred by those combat troops whose activities required further security.

勋章采用了指向八个方向的凸面十字并有一个万字于中心。反面是简单的制.造商标记,并且采用宽别针焊接方式, 从那些十字勋章戴上制服后。私下被购买的仿制品在万字上略有变动，勋章加固方法与一级铁十字勋章一样, 那些作战队伍因行动要求喜欢更安全的方式。

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Spanish Cross in Bronze With Swords

铜质西班牙佩剑十字勋章

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Spanish Cross in Silver
Without Swords
(notice the screwback plate)

银质西班牙十字勋章
无佩剑
(注意万字的板材)

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Spanish Cross in Gold
With Swords

西班牙黄金佩剑十字勋章

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Fitted between the arms of the cross were four Luftwaffe flying eagles carrying a swastika, a tribute to all the airmen who made up almost 70 percent of the Legion. The Spanish Cross in Bronze was die struck in tombak or bronzed brass and the Silver can be found both in hallmarked 800 grade silver and silver plated brass. The Spanish Cross in Gold was made of 800 silver with a mat gold plating and a beautiful highlighted finish. The thickness of each arm decreased from a wide center to a narrower tip. The eagles (pictured right) were made from a separate striking and were attached by having their wings soldered to the arms of the cross. In the combatant grade the swords were positioned between the arms of the Cross pointing upward. The Spanish Cross in Gold with Diamonds was exactly alike to the Gold Cross but were fitted with 14 brilliants surrounding the center swastika.

由于空军几乎占军团的百分之七十，所以在十字勋章胳膊之间装配了四只老鹰抓万字飞行的图样。 西班牙十字勋章是铜与锌的合金或被镀青铜的黄铜和银在青铜模子制.造，能发现品质800纯度的银，并且银上镀了黄铜。 西班牙黄金十字架由800纯度的银以衬边镀金和漂亮的突出表现而完成。 各条胳膊的厚度从宽大的中心向顶端逐渐变得更加狭窄。 老鹰(被生动的表现) 张开双翼被分开焊接到十字架的胳膊。 在战斗成绩剑被安置了在十字架的胳膊之间指向上。 西班牙加钻石黄金十字勋章确切地是指在中心万字周围环绕着十四颗耀眼的钻石和黄金十字勋章组合。

Award Criteria, Statistics and Wear
Eligible for the award were personnel from all military branches and civilians who volunteered and participated in the conflict. The criteria for the Cross without swords was three months of service on Spanish soil or waters. It was presented to Military personnel who did not experience any combat, which included auxiliary units such as Luftwaffe field units and medical units. There were 7869 Bronzed Crosses without Swords presented. Those non-combatants who distinguished themselves above and beyond the call of duty were presented with the Spanish Cross in Silver, and there were 327 Crosses of that grade awarded. There were no Spanish Crosses in Gold without Swords presented, whether or not they were manufactured is a debated topic.

颁发标准,统计和佩带
颁发资袼是志愿和参加战争的人员以及所有军事相关和平民。 标准为无佩剑十字勋章是三个月服务在西班牙。 它是专为没有体验任何作战的军事人员而设, 包括辅助单位譬如空军地勤单位和医疗单位。 共颁发7869枚铜质无佩剑十字勋章。西班牙银质十字勋章的区别在于其是在义务之外被召集的那些非战斗人员, 共颁发327个。 没有制作西班牙无佩剑黄金十字勋章是他们的一个争议的话题。

To obtain the Cross with Swords an individual had to be involved in front line combat, and the degree of experience and rank determined whether the Cross was bestowed in Bronze, Silver or Gold. The lowest grade, Bronzed, required action with the enemy in any degree, and 8462 were presented.

获得佩剑十字勋章必须是个人参与了在前线作战, 并且有相当的经历和意志坚定，在规定和敌人战斗在什么程度分别颁发铜质, 银质或黄金十字勋章。 最低的等级是铜质, 共颁发了8462枚。

The silver grade with Swords was normally reserved for those who had at least moderate combat experience, having participate in decisive battles. Of this grade 8304 were awarded.

银色佩剑十字勋章通常是后方的那些至少有少量作战经验,有参加重大战斗的人员。 共颁发了8304枚。

The Gold Cross with Swords was restricted to those who not only engaged the enemy, but had also excelled in the form of personal bravery or achievement. There were 1,126 individuals who received this grade.

黄金佩剑十字勋章仅限于那些不仅与敌人战斗, 并且表现了个人勇敢或成就的人员。 共颁发1,126枚。

The highest grade, Gold with Diamonds, was strictly presented to those with the highest achievements or leadership in action. It was only awarded 28 times, with the majority going to Luftwaffe pilots. These aces of the time include Molders (14 kills), Oesau (8 kills), Balthasar (7 kills) and Lutzow (5 kills).

加钻石黄金十字勋章, 严格的只授予那些有着最大的成就或领导的人。 它只被颁发了28枚, 多数是空军飞行员。 包括Molders (战绩14), Oesau (战绩8), Balthasar (战绩7) 以及Lutzow (战绩5) 。

The Spanish Cross was worn permanently on the right pocket of the uniform tunic as shown in the original photo to the right, below the later instituted German Cross if that was held. When presented, each class had a different color case. Bronze Crosses came in a green case, Silver and Gold in a blue case, and Gold with Diamonds in a red case. A document authorizing the award was also presented.

西班牙十字勋章长期的被佩带在上衣的右边口袋上, 在以后被设立的德国铁十字勋章之下就行了。 各类有颜色规定。 铜质十字勋章使用绿色盒, 银质和黄金十字勋章使用蓝色盒, 加钻石黄金十字勋章使用红色盒。 同时也有批准颁发文件。

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Kondor Legion Honor Cross for Next of Kin
This award was established the same day as the Spanish Cross to commemorate those legionaries who fell during the Spanish conflict. The award was a smaller version of the Spanish Cross with swords and it was produced from bronze or brass with a bronze wash. As with the Spanish Cross, the reverse was plain. It was held by a black ribbon with the colors of the Spanish flag (red-yellow-red) on its edges.

Kondor军团家属的荣誉十字勋章
作为西班牙纪念十字章的颁发是授予同一时期在西班牙战斗中那些勇猛的军团。 这是西班牙佩剑十字勋章的一个更小的版本，它是由古铜或黄铜混合而成。 和以前的西班牙十字勋章, 背面很简单。 它由一条边缘以西班牙旗子的颜色(红色黄色红色)的黑丝带佩带。

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The award was presented to the next of kin in cases of soldiers killed or missing in action or if death occurred due to war related sickness. A total of 315 Honor Crosses were awarded.

如因军人在战争相关的病死，阵亡或失踪。勋章将颁发到其家人手中，荣誉十字勋章一共被授予315个人。