|
五、音节、音节的结构和类型、音节划分、音节重音和拼读：
1.
音节就是英文单词字母(或发音)的排列单位，一个单位算一节。连读起来轻重缓急，流利有节奏，便于听说阅读。
2. 音节的结构、类型：口诀：
完全结构头中尾(音头/音中/音尾)，元音字母占中央(包含组合)，缺头少尾有开闭(音节)，e尾/成音/r音节。
开音节/闭音节：以元音或不发音的e结尾的叫开音节，以辅音结尾的是闭音节。
开音节(词)
：[以开音节结尾] a, area, tea, by, day, no, boy, buy, grey, ba*by, ru*ler, rub*ber,
fa*ther, the, she, we, he, bee, ta*ble, ap*ple, name, bi*cy*cle, banana, orange,
some,
闭音节(词)：bas*ket, bag, cap, class, miss, cross, rain, ti*red, bed, red,
yes, egg, sit, it, begin(开始), hot, not, boat, boil(沸腾，煮沸，激动), cup, sun, cut,
put, but, mutton(羊肉), meet, woman,
r音节：元音字母(a e i o u) +
r构成的独立的音节，也可以前后加辅音字母共同构成音节。
例如：far(远的), arm, er (嗯~), her, tea*cher,
ru*ler, sir, girl, stir(轰动, 激起), or, for(为了，对于，因为，适合), short, fur(毛皮), turn, //
ar?ti?cle(文章), or?der (命令, 定购, 定制；次序, 顺序,秩序), ur?gent (急迫的, 紧急的), ur?ban (城市的,
市内的),
成音节： 辅音字母(有时跟不发音/弱化音的元音字母) + l, m, n, (常常带有不发音的e)可算作一个音节。
例如：la?bel ((贴)标签), pu?pil, pen?cil [sl], ta?ble, bi?cy?cle, lit?tle [tl], ap?ple
[pl],
peo?ple,
3. 划分音节口诀：
音节中心看母音，辅音要向两边站。中心之间辅音连，一靠后,二分手；多个中间偏左右，字母组合算一个(音)。多音节尾 -l -m
–n(e)，前有辅音成音节。
例子：学会一眼识破音节数目，运用语音规则，做到见字读音。
闭音节：pen [pen], cap [kAp],
bas*ket [`bB:skit], green [gri:n], book [buk], and [And], eat [i:t],
开音节：he
[hi:], she [Fi:], tea [ti:],my [mai], tea?cher [`ti:tFE], rea?dy [`redi], Ju?ly
[`dVu(:)lai],
ru?ler [`ru:lE], her [hE:],
成音节： ta?ble [`teibl],
ap?ple [pl], bot?tle [tl], mid?dle [dl], bi?cy?cle [`baisikl], pen?cil
[sl],
se?ven [`sevn], e?le?ven [i `lev(E)n],
不发音的e 尾：come [kQm],
please [pli:z], whose [hu:z], nice [nais], name [neim], give
[giv],（开音节的外形，多读长音。）
4.
单词重音（重音符号ˊ）：双音节和多音节词中常常重读一个音节，其它读轻音。遇到生词，有音标当然省事，但在无音标的情况下，至于哪个音节要重读，由于英语词源、构词、例外情况等诸多因素限制，不可能将每个生词读的完全无误。只能掌握的一般规律：
重音口诀：
为了顺口有节奏，张口由大变到小(省气力)，大口/长音多重读，还要保持身平衡(整个单词发音)，特别写法长又多(特别是写法很长的多音节词)，倒数第三多琢磨。(一般是)前轻---中重----后又轻。哪儿平顺哪(儿)读重。
一般具体做法是：①
单音节都重读；这类单词很多。例如：meet, and, class, which, house, bread
② 双音节词 ▲ (发长音或大口音重读,
这类单词很多，例如：`teacher [`ti:tFE], `ruler [`ru:lE], `basket [`bB:skit], `apple
[`Apl], `table [`teibl],tired [`taiEd], `lazy [`leizi], `open [`EupEn], //
`sorry [`sCri], Ju`ly, pre`fer, po`lice, to`day,
▲ (两音平(音长和张口大小接近的)开头重读;
这类单词很多，例如：`rubber, `Sandy, `sandwich, `pencil, `brother, woman, `sister, `ready,
`hungry, `very, `busy, `picture, `listen, `Betty, `empty, `pretty, clever
[`klevE], letter [ `letE],
▲ (带前后缀多词根重读。例如：a`gain, a`loud, a`sleep, be`gin,
be`fore, be`side, be`hind, /`quickly, `friendship, `boyish, `building,
④
多音节词倒数第三个元音字母(音节)重读。带前后缀多词根重读。
例如：`Italy,(I`talian), A`merican, `beautiful,
natio`nality, `exercise, `chocolate, `newspaper, // suddenly, inter`national,
`championship, `countable, `interesting, mechano`therapy (力学疗法),
③
合成词保持开头单词的重音：例如：policeman, `pencil-box, `football, `ice-cream, `classroom,
`schoolboy, `postman, `milkman, `tea-pot, `Jack-in-the-box, `hide-and-`seek,
`snakes-and-`ladders,
u 小测试：给下列单词划分音节, 并拼读出来。(单音节词下划线，多音节词用竖线分割。)
1).
yes, here, sorry, yellow, football, brother, woman, sister, hungry, very,
thirsty, busy, tired, picture, quickly, evening, empty, children, school, funny,
actress, policewoman, open, clever, heavy, banana, 2). exercise, beautiful,
thick, light, small, French, German, English, Italian, American, letter, mother,
street, colour, locker, dirty, towel, our, lady, twins. sandwich, duster, hurry,
headmaster, playground, 3). upstairs, perhaps, asleep, today, holiday, animal,
lollipop, instead, biscuit, chocolate, minute, fine, shell, gate, near, under,
newspaper, silly, beside, behind, between, together, attention, laugh, matter,
4). face, ear, aeroplane, goal, trousers, knife, chimney, water, make, turn,
piece, easy, course, watch, basin, hopscotch, game, throw, stone, window,
telescope, across, into, happen, present, birthday,
u
注意：这语音方面的技能需要在下面不断练习，我们可以把教材里的单词多多练习。一有时间就拿起教材进行训练。天长日久，会取得你满意的效果。
|
