On Differences Between Chinese and Western Dietary Cultures

Abstract

Diet is absolutely necessary in the life of mankind, and even in the existence or development. Because of the differences between Chinese and western cultural traditions, the Chinese and western dietary cultures are different in concept, target, pattern, attribution and nature. We study these differences and then find out the points that can be digested, in order to facilitate the communication about cultures between China and the west. Taiwan Professor Zhang Qijun said, “The old saying, 'Eat, drink, man, woman who wishes greatly'. For such a standard fair, western culture (in particular, modern American culture) can be said to be male and female culture. But the Chinese culture can be said to be a dietary culture. "As the reason of the cultural traditions, the western lives tend to men and women, but because of the narrow gender relations, Chinese people are dumping guidance on life in the restaurants. Thus the diet is rich in culture. Food culture in the west is not developed enough, but this underdevelopment itself is the result of the development of a culture, so it is still significant to study the dietary cultures of Chinese and Western diet. By the analysis of the differences between Chinese and western dietary cultures, we can comprehend the respective cultural traditions of China and the west. And we can also improve and create the culture of China.  意见与反馈 参加有道翻译用户满意度调查！

 

Key Words

dietary culture; cultural tradition; differences

摘　要

饮食是人类生活、生存与发展的必需，可是由于中西方文化传统的差异，导致了中西方饮食文化在观念、对象、方式、归属与性质方面产生了差异，研究这些差异，找出可以融会贯通的地方，促进中西文化交流。台湾张起钧教授说过“古语说‘饮食男女人之大欲存焉’。就这样的标准而论，西方文化（特别是近代美国式的文化）可说是男女文化，而中国可说是一种饮食文化。”由于文化传统的缘故，西方人的人生倾向男女关系，而中国人由于对男女关系的褊狭，把人生精力倾泄导向于饮食。由此赋予饮食以丰富的文化内涵，虽然饮食文化在西方不够发达，但这种不发达本身也是一种文化发展的结果，所以对中西饮食文化的比较仍有意义。通过对中西饮食文化差异的分析，我们可以了解中西方各自的文化传统；同时能对中国文化进行改善与创新。

关键词

饮食文化;文化传统;差异

Introduction

Once there is a saying that "Food is eating well-deserved for human life”, so food is an indispensable condition for the survival and development of human beings. There are two desires in life: one is feasting them to survive; and another is the lust of men and women, which can help the mankind to carry on the family line. Facing the two desires, China pays more attention to the former, while the west tends to the latter. Such phenomenon affects the cultural trend. Diet is actually the contents of our daily lives, but why we call it culture? That is because the diet has special status in the Chinese culture, and it also has a great distinction between China and the west.

曾经有一个说法:“食品吃理所应当的为人类的生活”,因此食品是必不可少的条件下生存和发展人类。生活中有两个愿望:一是享用他们存活下来;另一个是男人和女人的情欲,能够帮助人类继承家族的线。面对两个欲望,中国更加重视前者,而西方国家倾向于后者。这种现象的发生,影响文化的趋势。饮食内容实际上是我们日常生活的世界里,但我们为什么称它为文化吗?这是因为饮食在中国文化中的特殊地位,它也有一个伟大的城市,中国与西方之间的区别。

 

As one of the world ancient nations, China’s diet has a history almost as long as that of Chinese civilization. But in western countries, ancient thinkers devoted less attention to the food problem than the Chinese philosophers did, and there is even not aware of it to the "heaven" degree. With the opposite, they recognized and interpreted the world in the perspective of the lust or love of men and women more. Whether the awareness of original sin of Christianity, Adam and Eve legend, or ancient Greek philosophy (such as Plato's dialogue) who considered the personal relationships “love” as the love of ontology of beauty, and regarded it as a reality thinking of philosophy, all these ideas become the basis of western philosophers’ cultural thoughts. All these had potential effects on the development of western culture and westerners’ characters.

Receiving the influence of respective cultural tradition, the Chinese and western dietary culture has had different characteristic. The differences in concepts, targets, patterns, attribution and nature had reflected the different dietary culture in the different state characteristic; such characteristic has enriched the research value of dietary culture. Studying these cultural differences, we can find out a joint enhancing the communication between China and the west through a comprehensive study of the subject. It may be a great help to the communication of the Chinese and western cultures. 

作为一个世界古老的国家,中国的饮食有一段历史几乎一样长,中国文明的产物。但是在西方国家,古代思想家投入粮食问题关注较少,超过了中国哲学家一样,甚至还有不知道“天堂”的程度。具有相反的,他们识别和解释世界的角度出发的欲望或爱的男人和女人。无论是原罪意识基督教,亚当和夏娃的传奇人物,或古希腊哲学(如柏拉图的对话)的个人关系被认为是“爱”为本体的爱美丽,把它当作是一种现实的哲学思考,所有的这些观点的奠定基础的文化思想在西方哲学家。所有这些发展的潜在影响西方文化和西方的字符。

收到影响各自的文化传统、中国和西方饮食文化有不同的特点。不同的概念、目标、模式、归因与自然反映了不同的饮食文化在不同国家的特点;这样的特点,丰富了饮食文化研究价值。研究这些文化差异,我们可以找到共同提高沟通中国和西方通过全面研究的主题。它可能是一个极大的帮助交流中西文化的。

 

I. Differences in Concepts

First, the Chinese and western diet have the differences that cannot be ignored in concepts. Nobody will deny that the Western diet is a rational concept, regardless of the color of food, incense, flavor and shape, but nutrition must be assured. It cares about the intake of calories, vitamins, protein and so on during a day. Comparing with the Chinese diet, western diet tastes stereotyped, as simple as chewing the candle, but the sense tells them: We must eat them all because of the nutrition. And then they put it bluntly, just like refueling machine.

The concept of western diet is compatible with the whole western philosophy. Metaphysics is the main feature of western philosophy. Such kind of philosophy brings vitality to western culture, so the natural sciences, psychology and methodology achieve a rapid development. In some other aspects, such philosophy proposition is a significantly obstacle, such as the dietary culture, which is the inevitable thing to drop behind, and just the metaphysics of methodology marks everywhere. In celebration, it stresses tableware, stresses the staple, stresses the servings, and stresses the color and shape mix of raw materials. But no matter how luxurious the grade is; from Los Angeles to New York, only one taste of steak, it is no art to speak of. And as dishes, the chicken is chicken; steak is steak, even in groups, which are also conducted in a shallow dish. In a dish of "French Muttonchops", one side is potato mud, and muttonchops sits next to it, another side is allocation of cooking beans, and plus a few tablets of tomato. Color is on clear, but the tastes of the various materials are separated, not to reconcile, and the entire flavor is also simple and clear.

Chinese diet is a sense of beauty diet. When people sample dishes, they often say this dish is "delicious", and that dish is "not delicious". But if you ask what is meant by "delicious", why "tasty" and what are the aspects of "delicious", I am afraid that it will be difficult to answer. This shows that which Chinese people hanker on a diet is just the “mood” that is difficult for one to say anything. Even using the "color, flavor, shape and implement "which people often said to make the" realm "reification, I am afraid it is still difficult to crown all.

The beauty pursuit of Chinese cuisine is clearly overriding the rational pursuit. This concept of diet is also coinciding with the traditional Chinese philosophy. Chinese philosophy as a representative of oriental philosophy, its distinguishing features is the macro, visual, vague and evasive. Chinese cooking method is to reconcile, and the ultimate goal is to reconcile out of a beautiful taste. The main stress is measure and the overall co-ordination. It contains a wealth of dialectics of Chinese philosophy, and all these depend on the degree of the wonderful flavor and harmony of dish. The ever-changing within degrees decides the changeable of Chinese food, and it also decides the characteristics of Chinese food as well as the characteristics on each of the chefs.

概念上的差异

首先,中国和西方饮食有差异,中不可忽略的概念。没有人能否认西方的饮食是一个理性概念,不管颜色的食品、香、味、形,但营养必须得到保证。它关心摄取热量、维生素、蛋白质等在一天。中国的饮食相比,西方饮食口味模式化,尽可能简单的咀嚼蜡烛,可是感觉告诉他们:我们必须把它们都吃掉,因为营养。然后他们不客气地说,就像换料机。

西方饮食的概念是兼容与整个西方哲学。形而上学是西方哲学的主要特征。这样的哲学带来了生机,西方文化,所以自然科学、心理学和方法实现快速发展。在其他一些方面,是一个哲学命题明显障碍,如饮食文化,这是不可避免的事的落后,只是形而上学的方法论上的标志随处可见。在庆典上,它强调餐具、强调主食,强调料理,和应力的颜色和形状的混合原料。但不管怎么豪华的成绩;从洛杉矶到纽约,只有一个牛排的味道,这不是艺术可言。和菜,小鸡鸡;牛排牛排,即使在团体,也是在一个浅盘进行。在一盘“法国Muttonchops”,一面马铃薯泥,Muttonchops坐在它旁边,另一侧是分配的烹调豆子,再加上一些药片的西红柿。颜色是在晴朗,但口味上的各种材料分离,不调和,整个的味道也简单明了。

中国的饮食是一种美感的饮食。当人们样菜,他们常说这道菜“好吃”,这道菜是“不好吃”。但是如果你问什么是“好吃”,为什么是“可口的”和“好吃的”方面,恐怕也很难回答。这说明,中国人节食只是永恒的“意境”这是一个很艰难的一到说不出话来。即使使用最“色、香、形状和实施”,人们常说的“境界”的物化,恐怕仍然难以皇冠。

中国菜的美丽追求显然是最理性的追求。这个概念的饮食也是巧合的是传统的中国哲学。中国哲学为代表的东方哲学,其特点是宏观、视觉、模糊和回避。中国烹饪方法调和,最终目标是协调出一个美丽的味道。主要应力测量和整体协调性。它还含有丰富的中国哲学的辩证法,这些依赖程度的美妙的味道和和谐的菜。日新月异的变化程度决定在中国的食物,也决定了中国特色的食品以及特征对每个厨师

 

II. Differences in targets

All diet cannot be done without vegetables. The word "dish" is for the sound in China, and it always has something to do with the plants. According to a survey of western plants scholar, there are 600 varieties of vegetables, six times more than in the west. In fact, the Chinese dishes, vegetable dish is usual food. Meat dish entered the normal diet only on holidays or higher living standards, so since ancient times, and there was a saying of "fresh vegetables". Chu ? Mandarin language: "Common people eat fresh vegetables, fish only offered in the worship." It is said that fresh vegetables are mainly to the civilian in general, only being able to eat meat only in worship. Vegetarian diet takes the dominant position in the normal structure.

Chinese people consider the vegetables as the main dish; it has inextricably linked with the advocacy of Buddhists. They deem animals as "people" and plants have "no soul." So, they advocate vegetarianism. 

Westerners do not seem to have such a good habit. They uphold a cultural origin of nomadic, seafaring nation. Living mainly by fishing and hunting, collection and planting are just the complement. There are more meat dishes in their lives. Feeding, clothing, and using are taken from the animals, and even Western medicine is derived from animals. When the westerners introduce the diet characteristics of their countries, they always feel that their diet is more reasonable on the mix of nutrition than China. The food industry is more developed, such as cans, fast food, although the taste is monotonous, but it saves time, and it also has good nutrition. Therefore, in their countries: people are generally healthier and taller than Chinese, and the people have strong shoulders and developed muscles; but Chinese people look short, their shoulders narrow and legs thin, their skin yellow and their body weak. The differences between Chinese and western food for Westerners to judge the merits of the two diet is not justified. Mr. Sun Yat-sen had profound study of the culture of food and incisive exposition. In his composing The Scheme for National Reconstruction, detailing the differences between Chinese and Western diet phenomenon, he concludes: "Chinese ordinary people drink green tea, and eat simple food such as vegetables and tofu for meal. Such kinds of food are the most healthy and beneficial according to the research of hygienist. Therefore, the remote people in china, whose diet are far from meat and wine, always live a long life. Also China has a big population, and Chinese people have enormous power to resist disease, but they never try the non-diet. “He added:" The Chinese vegetarians all eat tofu. Tofu is expected as the real meat in plants, as it has the nutrition that meat has. It is the meat without toxic materials. So the Chinese are vegetarian used to be a custom without the promotion of scholars. It is also a custom that the European and American drink thick Wine, eat meat and fish. So there was science promotion before and a severe law later, such as the United States Prohibition. And the transfer will not carry out in a short time. "Mr. Sun’s words tell out the scientific benefits of Chinese diet and disadvantages of Western diet.

According to the characteristics of the significant differences between Chinese and Western diet targets, the Chinese character is called the plant character, while the Westerners’ is animal character. In response to the cultural behaviors, Westerners love adventure, exploration, conflict; but the Chinese people only like to live banally. According to American expert on folklore Ruth’s opinions on the "cultural pattern" theory, Chinese culture is quite similar to the classical world Apollo-type character and Westerners’ is similar to the modern world Faust-type. Indeed, the Westerners such as Americans in the development of the west, they put the whole family on the truck, and go out of the city in amid rumbling with the supplies. The Chinese people are always thinking about "home" and "roots", despite the promotion that young people should take the world as home. But after a few decades, the overseas Chinese will come back to the mainland with crutch to seek their roots. This concept of return and such human spirit that can only be said to cooperate with the accumulation in the diet. Then it brings cohesiveness to the Chinese nation and then makes the human folk full of energy.

目标上的差异

所有的饮食不能没有蔬菜。这个词是“盘”的声音在中国,并且它总是跟植物生长。根据西方学者的一项调查表明,植物有600种蔬菜、6倍的西部。事实上,中国菜,蔬菜菜是常见的食品。肉菜只有在进入饮食正常的假期或更高的生活水准,所以自古以来,在那里有一个说“新鲜的蔬菜。”楚吗?中文:“老百姓吃新鲜蔬菜、鱼只给在敬拜。“据说新鲜的蔬菜主要向平民化一般只能够吃肉只有在敬拜。素食居于主导地位在正常的结构。

中国人认为蔬菜作为主菜;它与倡导紧密联系在一起的佛教徒。他们认为动物作为“人”与“无植物的灵魂。“所以,他们提倡素食。

西方人似乎并没有这样的好习惯。他们坚持的游牧文化渊源、航海国家。生活主要由钓鱼和打猎、采集和种植只是补充。有更多的肉类菜肴在他们的生活。喂,服装,并使用取自动物,甚至西医是来源于动物。当西方人的饮食特点介绍他们的国家,他们总是觉得他们饮食习惯是更合理的混合营养超过中国。食品工业是较为发达的,如罐、快餐,虽然口味单调,而且节省时间,并具有良好的营养。因此,在他们的国家:人们通常比中国更健康,高,人有强烈的肩膀和发达的肌肉,但中国人看起来短,肩头上窄和腿瘦,皮肤黄色和身体虚弱。摘要中西方食物对西方人来判断两个饮食的优点是不公正的。孙中山先生有深刻的文化研究的食品和锐利的博览会。在他的创作为国家重建方案,详细描述了中英文化的差异和西方饮食现象,他总结道:“中国普通老百姓喝绿茶,吃一些简单的食物如蔬菜和豆腐用餐。这类食物是最健康有益的根据研究的牙医。因此,在中国偏远的人,他们的饮食远离肉和酒,总是长寿。有一个大的人口也中国,中国人民有了巨大的能力来抵抗疾病,但他们从来不会试试non-diet。“他补充说:“中国的素食者都吃豆腐。豆腐是预期的植物如真正的肉,因为它肉的营养。这是肉没有有毒物质。所以中国人是吃素的习惯是一个习俗没有晋升的学者。它也是一种习俗,欧洲和美国喝浓酒,吃鱼和肉。所以有科技成果推广之前和严重的法律之后,诸如美国禁止。并将不会实施在很短的时间。“先生的太阳的科学效益的话告诉中国饮食的西方饮食的优缺点。

根据特征差异的中国和西方饮食目标,汉字字符被称为植物,而西方人的是动物的性格。在回应的文化行为,西方人喜欢冒险、探索、冲突,但中国人民只喜欢住banally。根据美国专家意见民俗鲁斯的“文化模式”的理论,中国文化经典世界很相似,Apollo-type性格和西方的类似于现代世界Faust-type。事实上,西方的美国在开发西部,他们把整个家庭的卡车,走出去,城市的隆隆声中与供应。中国人民始终想着“家”与“根”,尽管提升年轻人要以世界为家。但是在几十年,华侨会回到大陆根拐杖去寻找他们。这个概念还等人的精神,只能说堆积在配合饮食。然后它带来的中华民族凝聚力,然后使人类的民间充满了能量。

 

III. Differences in Dietary Patterns

The Chinese and Western dietary patterns can be very different, and these differences affect the national character. In China, a celebration, no matter what, there will be only one form, as sitting together, sharing one feast. Banquet uses round table, which has created a unity of form, which is courtesy, comity atmosphere. Cate are in the center of the table. It is the objects for people to appreciate and taste, and it is also an intermediate of communication. People toast each other and share the vegetables, which reflect the mutual respect between people in the face of the good things, also show the virtues of comity. Although from the health point of view, this approach has obvious deficiencies, but it is in our national "happy" mentality, it reflects the classical Chinese philosophy area of "and" impact for future generations. It is helpful to facilitate the collective emotional exchanges and consequently difficult to reform.

The western-style banquets, although the food and wine are very important, but in fact they are just foil. The core of Banquet is friendship, by the conversation with the guests who sitting next to achieve the purpose of recreation. If making an analogous compare between the recreation of the banquets and dancing, it may be said that the Chinese banquet is like group dance, and the western banquet is like men and women dancing. This shows that communication purpose of Chinese banquet and western banquet are very obvious. Only the Chinese banquet is more popular in the communion, but western banquet shows guests reflected in the friendship between neighbors.

The more obvious differences between Chinese and western dietary patterns is buffet dinner which is popular in the West. This method is to display all food, and everybody is picking not fixed in his or her places to eat. They walk freely. This approach would provide the emotional interaction between individuals; they never need to put every word on the table. This also shows a western personality and self-respect. However, all the eating without jamming lacks the real affective tone like the Chinese people. Some people want to put the buffet in the Chinese food, but I think it is not feasible. Zhang Qijun in the Principles of Cooking tells us the main reason: "First, buffet is not like drinking tea. Drinking tea is just the thing to you before you choose, and displayed in the cafeteria there is a large number of food to eat, so when you want to have it, it is cold yet. Chinese cuisine will serve hot, if cold, nothing to eat. Secondly, buffet dishes only can do hard dishes and beneficial dishes. Then you can access for large plots. And those most representative of the Chinese culinary arts, such as the tender and lighter dishes, are not in this show. Third, the buffet can do stewing pot; it means a big pot in terms of food. Any sophisticated cooking of a dish can only be cooked in a pot at two most, and it is not able to cook the dish for dozens of people. So it will not be delicious, never talking of the taste. Under such circumstances, it is clear that the use of buffet dinner will deny Chinese culinary arts. "The Chinese people are drinking around the table to show harmony and unity, but the buffet has broken such pattern. It raises the personal independence and self-mentioned at the first place. This is the opposite of the scale of the great unity of all Chinese traditional culture.

饮食方式的差异

中国和西方饮食模式可以非常不同,而且这些差异不仅影响的民族性格。在中国,一个庆祝会,无论如何,只有一种形式,坐在一起,分享了一个宴会。宴会用圆桌,创造了一个统一的形式,这是礼貌,友谊的气氛。美食是中心的桌子上。它是人们欣赏的对象和口味,并且这也是一个中级的交流方式。人们彼此分享他们的烤蔬菜,反映了人们之间相互尊重在脸上的好东西,也显美德的友谊。虽然从健康的角度来看,这种方法具有明显的不足之处,但它在我们国家的“快乐”的心态,这反映了中国古典哲学面积”和“影响了我们的子孙后代。它有助于促进集体情感交流,因此很难改革。

西式宴会,虽然食物和酒是很重要的,但事实上它们只是挫败。宴会是友谊的核心,通过对话与客人坐在旁边,达到目的的休闲娱乐。如果做一个类似的对比的娱乐活动的宴请,跳舞,可以说,中国宴会就像组舞蹈,西方宴会就像男人和女人跳舞。这说明,沟通的目的和西式宴会中国筵席上十分明显。只有中国宴会更受欢迎,在交融中,但是西方宴会客人反映在显示邻居之间的友谊。

更明显的差异,中西饮食模式是自助晚餐目前流行于西方。该方法显示所有的食物,而且每个人都选择不固定在他或她的地方吃饭。他们行走自如。这种方法提供了个体之间的情感互动,他们从不需要把每个词放在桌子上。这也显示出西方个性和自尊。然而,所有吃饭不干扰缺乏真正的情调喜欢中国人民。一些人想把自助餐在中国菜,但是我想这并不可行。张Qijun做菜的原则我们主要原因:“首先,自助餐不喜欢喝茶。饮茶是这事你之前选择,并显示在餐厅里有大量的食物,所以当你想拥有它,它很冷呢。中国菜要趁热,如冷,没有什么吃的了。其次,唯一能做的努力自助菜菜和有益的菜肴。然后你可以进入大阴谋。和那些最有代表性的中国烹饪艺术,如温柔的、更轻的菜肴,不在这个节目。第三,自助餐可以做炖锅,它意味着一大锅食物方面。任何复杂的烹饪一盘只能在锅里煮两大部分,而且它也不能够煮菜为几十人。这样它就不会很好吃,从不说话的滋味。在这种情况下,很明显的是,使用自助晚餐将会否认中国烹饪艺术。“中国人民是喝在桌子四周的和谐和统一,但是显示的自助餐打破了这种模式。它是提高个人的独立和self-mentioned放在第一位。这是相反的规模大的统一的中国传统文化。

 

IV. Differences in Diet Attribution

There are differences between Chinese and western diet attribution. Western diet tends to be scientific and rational, but the Chinese diet tends to be art and sentimental. During the underdevelopment era of diet, these two trends have only one aim – to live and never be hungry. And when the dietary culture is full developed, the tendency is shown in this different purpose: the former is in the development of nutrition, the latter is expressed as the stress on the flavor.

Cooking is from diet; the origin of food is a life-sustaining nutrition. Therefore, the focus of western diet is only the extension of the original diet practicality. The emphasis on the flavor of Chinese cuisine caters the diet to the arts field. Mencius said: "Flavor in the mouth has the same interests". "Interests" points out the key from nutrition to arts. Such interests are from the meaning of flavor. In China, eating is not meant to have enough. It is about nutrition. Sometimes we eat though we are full. We are overloaded with food. Why? Saying bluntly, it is to appreciate the art of cooking; and not saying it nicely, it is the temptation of "delicious" for the enjoyment of taste. Watching the rational diet in the west, it is not only waste, but also harmful to the men body. In fact, the herbalist doctors are also opposed to overeat, claiming "dietary restraint". But the dialectics tell us Chinese people, occasionally the "overload" and once we are comfortable, we can absorb and store. Qigong masters at the situation of non-eat and non-drink at home is still in good spirits, although their weight loses, but it is intact on the human body; and it is the consumption of such storage. Herbalist doctor also advocates winter nutrition. It is also in order to store for keeping energy in the coming year. Chinese people's views are more dialectical than the western diet propositions opposing overloaded stubbornly. It is closer to the science truth, and has been checked up for thousands of Chinese medicine practice. Psychologists Spinoza said: "The desire is human nature than other.” The human desire for delicious is the nature of human beings which is fully reflected. In process of the taste enjoyment, it is imbued with the shares of élan vital. Life should not be a yoke, but also not be a repressed desire. We can not use the absolute reason to regulate the behavior of all people. On the diet, it is not the purpose of "science" and "nutrition" and some delicious are excluded from the table outside. Only delicious things can satisfy people's appetite and then give the arrival of physical and mental pleasure. Chinese diet shows the transformation about sentimental form to rational form from the old days till now, and cause the Chinese dietary culture brimming with imagination and creativity. The sensibility of Chinese culinary culture is a sublime sensibility, infiltrating rational sense, also the realization of the nature of life. In addition, gustatory enjoyment is one of the main objectives pursued of the human struggle. The art of Chinese cuisine is compatible with the development of human history in the process, more scientific than the progress of the western diet. As Zhang Qijun in his work Cooking Principles said: “The United States is unprecedented least affluent society, but till today, in essence it is still 'food to eat' stage. There are still some distances from entering the realm of art.” In China, The role of diet goes beyond the subsistence of existence, which is designed not only to have the physical presence, but also to meet people's spiritual needs for pleasure. It is positive to enrich people's life performance, and fine arts, music, literature, etc. which have the same level of significance to the improvement of life.

Chinese diet tends to artistry, the so-called art realm, in fact, that is a complete leap from the necessity to freedom. It is characterized by randomness. For example, similar dishes, because of the differences in area, season, target, function and grade, it has different treatments on operation. Set braised fish for example, in winter deep colors are advised and tastes are advised strongly, but in summer it should be light color and flavor. And for the people in Zhejiang province, their dishes can be put up more sugar in the braised fish, and if facing Chuanxiang customers it should allocate spicy. It easy to see that if out of the arbitrary, there would be no cooking variety; we will lose the unique charm of Chinese cuisine. Whereas in the west, dishes in different areas and different seasons and facing different customers, is the same flavor, no changes. Although it is the most valuable banquet, which is just tableware known, conducted layout, and the vegetables remain the same as before.

Moreover, as for materials, westerners think the food is to eat, eating special "hard vegetables" such as large piece of meat, chicken block. China's cuisine is "taste". The Chinese cooking in materials has shown tremendous arbitrariness: The things which many, many westerners consider as disposable things in China are excellent raw materials. Foreign cooks are not able to deal with things, but in the hands of a Chinese chef, it can get a magic result. Chinese cuisine is evident in the wide use of materials.

Besides skills, an excellent cook, of course, can do more complicated dishes. But facing the real simple materials and condiments, the cooks are often able to produce delicious flavors. It is the arbitrariness of skills. In the surface, the menu seems to be scientific. Westerners always use menu to buy ingredients to produce dishes, but in comparison, it is the machinery, and often powerless facing the complex specific situation. Of course, this mechanical science is still can be said as science, but it is primitive science, and it is not the complete science. Chinese cooking talks about artistry, but it still fit the requirements among the ever-changing, it can be said such science is a real science. The characters of western food which lacks nutrition and artistic atmosphere have great distinction from the artistic realm of Chinese cuisine.

饮食归因的差异

有中英文化的差异和西方饮食归属。西方的饮食往往是科学合理的,但中国的饮食往往是艺术和多愁善感。在不发达的时代,饮食,这两个趋势只有一个目的——生活而不饿了。当饮食文化,充分发展趋势显示不同用途:前者是在开发的营养,后者表示强调的味道。

烹饪从饮食;粮食来源是一种维持生命的营养。因此,西方饮食的焦点是唯一的延展饮食的实用性。强调中国菜的味道兼具艺术领域的饮食。孟子说:“味道在口中有相同的利益”。指出了“利益”钥匙从营养艺术。这种利益从意义的味道。在中国,吃饭是注定不会有足够的。这首歌是关于营养。有时我们吃虽然我们都满了。我们超负荷的食物。为什么?坦率的说,是欣赏艺术,烹饪的,不是说它好,它是“好吃的”的诱惑享受的滋味。看合理饮食在西方,它不仅是浪费,而且有害的人的身体。事实上,草药医生也反对吃得过多,声称“饮食约束”。但辩证法告诉我们中国人民,偶尔超负荷,一旦我们舒适,我们可以吸收和储存。气功大师的现状,在non-eat non-drink在家里还在良好的精神状态,虽然他们的体重输了,但这是完整的,对人体,它是大众消费的存储。中医亦提倡冬季营养。这也是为了储存能量,让一个快乐新年。中国人民的观点是比西方的饮食更辩证顽固反对超载命题。它更接近科学真理,已经借了成千上万的中国医学实践。心理学家斯宾诺莎说:“欲望是人类的本性。人类渴望好吃的本质是人类完全体现出来。过程中享美福,它是充满了唯物史观的股票是至关重要的。生活不应该是个枷锁,但也不是一个压抑的欲望。我们不能使用的绝对理由调节行为的所有的人。在饮食,它不是以“科学”与“营养”和一些好吃的也不表外。美味的东西只有能满足人们的食欲,然后给的到来的生理和心理上的乐趣。中国的饮食节目形式转化到理性的形式对感伤从过去到现在,导致中国饮食文化充满想象力和创造力。中国饮食文化的情感是一种崇高的感性、浸润理性感,也实现生活的本质。此外,味觉享受的一个主要目标是追求人的斗争。中国烹饪的艺术是兼容的人类历史的发展过程中,更科学的进步比西方的饮食。在他的作品中Qijun像张烹饪原则说:“美国是史无前例的,但至少小康社会到今天,本质上,这仍然是“吃的食物的阶段。仍有一些距离进入艺术王国。“在中国,饮食的角色超越了生存的存在,其设计的不仅有物质的存在,而且能够满足人们精神的需求为乐趣。是积极的,丰富人们的生活性能、美术、音乐、文学等具有同等水平的提高具有十分重要的意义的生活。

中国的饮食往往艺术性,所谓的艺术领域,事实上,这是一个完整的飞跃从必要的自由。它的特征是随机性。例如,类似的菜,因为不同的地区、季节、目标、功能和品位,它有不同处理方式对运行。集红烧鱼,例如,在冬季深沉的色调和味道强烈建议建议,但是在夏天要轻色、味。和人们在浙江省,他们的菜可以建更多的糖在红烧鱼,而且如果面对客户Chuanxiang应该分配辣。它很容易看到,如果从任意,就没有烹调品种;我们会输掉这场的独特魅力的中国菜。而在西方,菜不同地区、不同季节和面对不同的客户,都是相同的味道,没有变化。虽然它是最有价值的宴会,简直是餐具已知的前提下,进行了布局、蔬菜保持与以前一样。

此外,针对材料,西方人认为食物吃,吃特殊的“硬蔬菜如大块肉、鸡肉块。中国菜是“味”。中国烹饪材料已显示了巨大的任意性的事情:许多,许多西方人认为在中国的东西是一次性的原材料。外国厨师不能处理的事情,但在自己手中的一个中国厨师,可以得到一个魔术的效果。中国菜很明显的广泛使用的材料。

除了技巧,一个好厨师,当然,能做的更复杂的菜肴。但是,面对这样的简单的材料和作料,厨师往往能够生产可口的味道。它是任意性的技能。在表面,菜单似乎是科学的。西方人总是使用菜单买食材来制作的菜肴,但是相比较而言,它是机械,而且经常无力面对错综复杂的具体情况。当然,这种机械的科学还能说作为一门科学,但是它是原始的科学,它不是完整的科学。谈到中国烹饪技艺,但它仍然适合在不断变化的要求,可以说这样的科学是一个真正的科学。西方食物的特点缺乏营养和艺术氛围有很大的区别,从艺术领域的中国菜

 

V. Differences in the Nature

Differences in the nature of the Chinese and western diet are inosculated with the respective lifestyle and the pace of life. In the west, people do the duplication of pipeline operations, and implement piece-wage system, so the paces of their lives are so fast. People fall under the mechanical method either intentionally or unintentionally, and believe that "Work is work, and game is game." Mechanical lives led to oneness of diet or a single blind about diet, and eat beefsteak and potatoes every day. Monotonous diet is the same as work, for which the purposes is to fulfill the "incident", naturally with no interests, and all these have no word in terms of taste. But China is not, "The game is work, and the work is of a game”. Such life manner is also emerged in diet. A baker sells bread in the street, he likes using the rolling pole to beat the chopping board rhythmically when they knead flour. When the cooks fry a dish, even beating scoop, they also care the sense of rhythm during cooking. These would not work for any conveniences, but it increases the interests of workers. Only in such an atmosphere work will be meaningful, and it will have more creativity and artistry of Chinese cuisine.

There still exist various differences between Chinese and western dietary cultures. But with the development of cultural communication between China and the west, along with the strengthening of communication between China and the west, China has imported various kinds of western food, known as the "KFC" "DICOS", "McDonald". This marks a new western dietary culture exchanges and infiltration. We believe that with the development of society, the cultural differences between Chinese and western dietary will no longer be the difference.

性质上的差异

不同的性质inosculated中西饮食是不同的生活方式和生活的节奏。在西方,人们做重复管道操作,并实施piece-wage系统,所以他们的生活的步伐太快了。人们受到机械方法或有意或无意,并认为“工作就是工作,和比赛是一场游戏。“机械生命的饮食导致单一性或单一,盲目的饮食吃牛排和土豆每一天。单调的饮食是一样的工作,目的是实现“事件”,自然没有兴趣,而这一切都没有言语方面的滋味。但中国是不一样的。"游戏工作,工作是比赛”。这样的生活态度也出现的饮食。面包师在街上卖面包,他喜欢用滚动杆来击败案板节奏当他们捏面粉。当厨师炒一盘,甚至殴打铲子、他们也关心的节奏韵律感在做饭。这些都不能为任何便利的同时,也增加了工人的利益。只有在这样的气氛的工作将会是有意义的,这将会有更多的创造性和艺术性的中国菜。

各种差异依然存在着中西饮食文化。但随着发展文化沟通中国和西方国家,随着加强沟通中国和西方国家,中国进口各种西餐,素有“肯德基”“DICOS”、“麦当劳”。这标志着一个新的西方饮食文化交流和渗透。我们相信,随着社会的发展,文化上的差异,中西饮食将不再是两者的区别

 

Conclusion

By the text from this thesis, we can easily find that there still exist various differences between Chinese and western dietary cultures. But with the development of cultural communication between China and the west, along with the strengthening of communication between China and the west, China has imported various kinds of western food, known as the "KFC" "DICOS", "McDonald". These mark a new western food culture exchanges and infiltration.

The impact brought about by economic globalization is stronger and deeper than the internationalization. Economic globalization is a double-edged sword, on one hand, it brings the vitality of economic growth, and on the other hand, the dominant culture is put into other countries through strong economic and infiltrated every corner of the globe. Therefore, the cultural communication focus on how to assimilate advantages of the other countries’ culture, abandon its shortcoming, and learn how to transform and make it localized, all countries need to study the issue. So in the face of the dietary cultural exchange problems between China and the West, we should find each other's advantages and draw the mutual advantages, as China can learn from the point that western diet stresses nutrition match, and make the Chinese cuisine more outstanding.

China is the country of a long history with an ancient culture, and enriching in cultural traditions. She feeds the 1.3 billion Chinese people, and Chinese culture is very inclusive; in the course of development it absorbs a lot of different cultures. Moreover, now China does more efforts to draw all the outstanding achievements in the World. China's reform and opening up policy create the conditions on international relations and cultural exchanges. We need to use such an opportunity to absorb the excellent cultures from other countries, to develop and create China's new culture.

This work can make the world to know China better and let China go to the world.

结论

由文本,从这篇论文中,我们不难发现,依然存在着各种差异和西方饮食文化的中国。但随着发展文化沟通中国和西方国家,随着加强沟通中国和西方国家,中国进口各种西餐,素有“肯德基”“DICOS”、“麦当劳”。这标志着一个新的西方饮食文化交流和渗透。

影响经济全球化所带来的更强、深于国际化。经济全球化是一把双刃剑,一方面,它带来了生机和活力的经济增长,另一方面,主流文化通过投入其他国家整体经济实力和渗透进地球的每个角落。因此,文化交流关注如何吸收的优点,其他国家的文化,放弃它的不足,学习如何把并使其局限性,所有的国家都需要研究的问题。所以面对饮食文化交流问题的城市,中国与西方之间,我们应该找到对方的优点,并画出各自优势,因为中国借鉴指出西方饮食营养搭配应力,使中国菜更为突出。

中国是一个历史悠久的国家一个古老的文化,丰富的文化传统。她喂13亿中国人民和中国文化非常包容;在发展的过程中它吸收了很多不同的文化。此外,现在中国确实更加努力地吸引世界上的卓越成就。中国的改革开放政策创造条件对国际关系与文化交流。我们需要使用这样一个机会来吸收来自其他国家的优秀文化,发展,创造中国的新文化。

这项工作可以让世界更好地了解中国,让中国走向世界。