![]() 虚拟语气在英语中是一个比较难的语法点,在中文中并没有类似的语法。下面,我们就来讲解一下虚拟语气的用法,看看在什么情况下使用以及如何使用虚拟语气。 虚拟语气用来表示说话人的主观愿望或假想,而不表示客观存在的事实,所说的是一个条件,不一定是事实,或与事实相反。 1.非真实条件句 a. 若表示与现在事实相反的假设,则条件从句中用过去式,主句中用过去将来式(would,should,could,might + 动词原形);若表示某事将来实现的可能性不大,则条件从句中用should + 动词原形也可用“were to+动词原形”或用过去式动词。如: eg. I would certainly go if I had time.(现在) eg. If it should rain,we wouldn’t go out.(将来) eg. If I were you, I would go at once.如果我是你,我马上就会去。(我不可能是你。非真实,虚拟语气) b. 若表示与过去事实相反的假设,从句中用过去完成式,主句中用过去将来完成式(should,would,could,might + have + 过去分词)。如: eg. If I had set off a little earlier, I would have caught the train. 2.wish 后宾语从句 a. 表示与现在事实相反的愿望,谓语动词用过去式 eg. I wish I had your brains. 我希望我有你那样的头脑。(事实:我根本比不上你) b. 表示与过去事实相反的愿望,谓语动词:had+done eg. I wish I had known the truth of the matter. 我希望我那时就知道这件事情的真相。(事实:那时还不知道) c. 表示将来难以实现的愿望 谓语动词: should/would(情态动词) + 动词原形 eg. I wish I should havea chance again. 我希望我还能有一次这样的机会。(事实:很难再有这样的机会了) 3.目的状语从句 a. 在for fear that,in case,lest引导的从句中,若用虚拟语气时,从句谓语为:should + do。并且 should能省略 eg. She examined the door again for fear that a thief (should) come in. 她又把门检查了一遍,以防盗贼的进入。 b. 在so that, in order that 所引导的目的状语从句中,从句中的谓语为:can / could / may / might / will / would / should + do eg. He read the letter carefully in order that he should not miss a word. 他把信读得很仔细以便不漏掉一个字。 其他用法 1. 一想要( desire ) 一宁愿( prefer ) 一坚持( insist )二命令( order , command ) 三建议( advise , suggest , propose/recommend) 四要求( demand , require , request , ask)中,无论主句谓语动词为何种时态,从句的谓语动词都用:"should + do"。should可以省略。 eg. He suggested that we (should) take the teacher's advice. eg. He insisted that we (should) take the teacher's advice. 2. 表情绪.观点的形容词或名词也要用虚拟语气.如:necessary、important、impossible、natural、strange、surprising、funny、right、wrong、better、a pity 、the shame ,no wonder等。 句型:It is.......that +主语从句,从句的谓语动词都要用 should+原型或 只用动词原型。 eg. Do you think it is necessary that he (should) not be sent to that boarding school. 虚拟语气真的是一个十分复杂的语法点,同学们只有记住它的规则,并且经常练习使用,才能把它真正搞懂。 |
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