猪笼草对生长环境和条件的要求多种多样。很难用几句话概括完所有的纯种和杂交种的生活习性，因为杂交种具有更强的适应力。以下的注意事项是经过我们多年在温室内外的栽培经验总结得出的，应该会给广大的食虫植物爱好者和收藏家提供一些帮助。
Nepenthes grow in a wide range of
environments and conditions, nearly as many as there are species.
It is very difficult to summarize these growing conditions in a few
words to suit all species and /or hybrids, although the hybrids are
usually more vigorous and adaptable to a wide range of conditions.
What follow are basic guidelines to give the hobbyist or the
serious collector some helpful information based
on our years of cultivation in and out of greenhouses.
我们可以改善环境来适宜猪笼草是需要。将你的种植环境中不适宜猪笼草生长的环境加以改善。猪笼草生长所需要的基本要求是：光照、水分、湿度、温度、营养素和生长介质。这综合的大部分的猪笼草生长所合适的环境，但这通常与在自然栖息地的环境是有差别的。
Improvements can be made to these to suit the specific needs of
specific species. Your growing environment will also influence any
further beneficial modifications. Most of these will be trial and
error. The basic requirements for plant growth are Light, Moisture,
Humidity, Temperature, Nutrients and a suitable growing medium;
this is the case for all plants including carnivorous plants such
as Nepenthes. It is the ratios of these together to suit the
specific plant needs that give optimal growth, bearing in mind that
the cultivation needs of plants are usually different from their
requirements in their natural habitat.
猪笼草的笼子是一种变态叶，因此它像其他植物的叶子一样也会衰老枯死。一般来说，适宜条件下每个笼子可以存活若干个月。当它已经枯萎时，可以将它剪去，使得整株看起来更漂亮，但这纯粹是为了好看，而与植株的健康无关。
The pitcher of the plant is just an adaptation of the leaf and as
such will naturally die off as the plant grows, as do the leaves of
any plant. As a guide, each pitcher usually lasts a couple of
months. They can be trimmed from the end of each leaf when they
have died off to keep the plant looking a€?tidya€? but this is
purely aesthetic and not necessary for the plants health. Each new
leaf produced should develop a pitcher if the growing conditions
are suitable.
光照
LIGHT
根据我们的经验，光照是养出巨大且鲜艳的捕虫笼最重要的因素之一。提供足够的空气湿度、中等的土壤湿度和充足的光照，可以让叶片呈现犹如红葡萄酒般的红色。植株可以被驯化接受一些阳光直射，早晨的阳光是最好的。相反全日照会使得植株的颜色变得暗淡并且阻碍植株的生长。这样的损害非常的迅速，首先只是老笼子被灼伤或脱水，最后整株植物都受到伤害。当植株结出新笼子，说明植株已经适应了新环境。一般来说，有更充足的光照，植株就会结出更大更鲜艳的笼子。必需一直保持着较高的空气湿度，特别是在大风和干燥炎热的天气下。明亮的散光更适合猪笼草。如有使用遮阳网，遮光率在50~80%的较适宜。如果是种植在塑料大棚中，最好使用透明的聚乙烯棚膜。除此以外，日照时间的长短也影响植株吸收光能的多少。大部分的猪笼草可以忍受缺光的环境，但它的生长速度因此受到限制，同时也需要减少浇水的量。虽然猪笼草不像其他食虫植物那样有休眠期，但缺光可让它们生长缓慢。当你的猪笼草得到了足够的光照时，它会在笼子的大小和颜色上有所反映。如果你的猪笼草受到光照不足的困扰时，有条件的话，你可以给它提供几个小时的人工补光，这是有好处的。
In our experience this factor is one of the most important in
producing optimal pitcher size and coloration. Providing there is
enough relative humidity (RH) and moisture in the potting medium
there can be enough light to give a tinge of red/burgundy to the
leaves. Plants can be acclimatized to partial sun, morning sun
being preferable, full sun all day however, will wash out the
colour and stunt the plant. This they do quite quickly, with any
damage usually limited to older pitchers burning or dehydrating but
the plant remaining healthy. The next new pitcher has usually
adapted and the plant will settle in. As a general rule, the
brighter the light, the larger and more colourful the pitchers.
Moisture must be maintained at all times, especially in drying
winds and on hot days. As a guide, a bright position with high
indirect light is acceptable. If plants are grown under shade
cloth, a level from 50% up to about 80% produces good results. If
under polyfilm, the white colours are preferred. On saying the
above though, the length of the daylight hours also has a bearing
on the amount of light your plant receives. In most areas the
plants tolerate the loss of light hours but growth is a bit slower
and watering may need reducing. Although Nepenthes do not
have a dormancy period like a lot of other carnivorous plants, the
lack of light does slow them down. A good indication that your
plant is receiving the right amount of light is, as mentioned
above, pitcher size and coloration. Another alternative if your
plants are suffering from the reduced day length is to provide a
couple of hours of artificial light, that is, if your situation
enables you to do so.
水分
MOISTURE
在种植猪笼草时，水分必须时时刻刻保持充足。不像其他食虫植物只需要在生长季节保持土壤湿润，猪笼草需要保持土壤的潮湿。潮湿是形容猪笼草需要的最好形容词。水质的要求是另一个使得猪笼草健康生长的因素。虽然全部的食虫植物生长都需要含矿物质较少的软水，但猪笼草对于水质的要求要宽松一些。但不表示它们不需要优质水，如雨水，但是我们也会看到它们使用使得植株附有白色水渍的水种植时，它们依旧长得很好。
It is important that moisture levels
are maintained at all times when growing Nepenthes. Unlike a lot of
the other carnivorous plant species, which like to be kept quite
moist to wet during their growing season, Nepenthes like to be kept
moist. Damp is probably the best term to describe their needs.
Water quality is another issue in growing carnivorous plants (CP)
where Nepenthes differ. Although all CP appreciate good quality
water, that is low in dissolved salts and minerals, Nepenthes are
quite forgiving in this case. It is not that they don't appreciate
good quality water or if available, rainwater, but we have
witnessed them growing well with white mineral deposits on their
leaves!
空气湿度
HUMIDITY
在种植猪笼草时，需要提高环境的空气湿度，应保持在70~80%或更高。经过我们的实验，高湿度对温室环境的坏处大于好处。若温室处于这样的高湿度，则很多有害的细菌和疾病会快速传播。我们发现生长健康植株生活在一个湿度全天波动的中等潮湿环境中。白天湿度处于50~70%间，夜晚达到饱和即湿度100%。而在原生地的湿度都要低于这个水平。似乎因为是盆栽的关系而需要更高的湿度。
When cultivating Nepenthes it is most often advised to grow them in
very high humidity, in the vicinity of 70-80% or higher. In our
experience this high humidity can cause more harm than good in the
greenhouse environment. Unfortunately a lot of disease and harmful
bacteria also thrive in these greenhouse microclimates. We find
that the humidity around the plants is usually maintained to an
acceptable level by their moist potting medium with the plants
growing well with the fluctuating humidity levels that normally
occur during the day. These levels usually range from 50-70% during
the day and up to saturation, 100%, at night. While plants growing
in an outside environment will experience lower levels than this,
as long as the potting media is kept moist there seems to be little
detriment.
温度
TEMPERATURE
在我们看来，这是另一项需要严格控制的因素。除了高地纯种或杂交种猪笼草处于高温环境下，或是低地猪笼草处于低温环境下，猪笼草对于温度的适应力是很强的。在猪笼草的原生地时时刻刻都存在温度的波动。人们只要在高地猪笼草的原生地呆上几个小时，就可以体会到，这里温度、湿度、光照和土壤水分含量的剧烈波动。这一刻是阳光明媚，下一刻就可能是乌云密布，空气湿度达到100%，接下来就是大雨倾盆，然后又有几分钟强烈的阳光直射。由于处于高海拔地区，强烈的直射紫外线或由水滴反射来的紫外线会灼伤猪笼草。而另一个极端的是，我曾看过一些照片，上面显示的是一棵生长在纯沙上的莱佛士猪笼草，而正午的时候这样的沙地会变得非常的烫脚。这就可以解释为什么猪笼草对于温度有着很强的适应力。
In our opinion, this is another
factor that has had limits that are too strict set on it. While
there are limits that specific plants will not tolerate, such as
high temperatures in the case of the strict highland
species/hybrids and very low temperatures with regards to the
lowland varieties, again these plants are quite tolerant of
temperature fluctuations. In the plants natural habitat the
temperature fluctuates daily, even moment-by-moment. One has only
to spend a few hours in a highland Nepenthes habitat to experience
these quite dramatic temperature, humidity, light, and moisture
fluctuations. One moment it could be bright and sunny, next it is
cloudy with low light and 100% humidity and next it is pouring with
rain, only to bathed in bright sunshine a couple of minutes later.
The high ultra-violet radiation due to the high altitude and
reflections from the water droplets on all the wet surfaces is the
next factor to assault these plants. On the other end of the scale
I have been told (pers. com.) and have seen photos of N.rafflesiana
growing in pure sand which was that hot in the middle of the day it
would have burnt the soles of your feet if you were to walk on it.
So as can be expected Nepenthes are quite tolerant and
hardy.
很多纯种或杂交种在我们的苗圃中都经受过5~35℃的温度，有时会低至1.5℃，但对植株没有任何不良影响。只要给低地品种提供高湿度，它们都可以忍受较高的温度。
The many cultivars and/or hybrids we produce here in our nursery
will tolerate temperatures from 5oC - 35oC(40oF-95oF) and many have
experienced extremes down to 1.5oC(35oF) without any ill effect.
Higher temperatures can also be tolerated with these cultivars and
the lowland species provided a high humidity is
maintained.
我们建议，如果你是在收集品种或是种植某些珍贵的杂交种，给它们提供一些个性化的环境也是很好的。除了少数品种，平均温度在15~35℃，并有适当的空气流动，猪笼草会生长得非常好。温度的昼夜变换也是对它们有利的。
We would suggest, though, if you are looking at collecting the
species and rare hybrids, some research into their specific needs
would be beneficial. Except for a few species, an average
temperature range of 15oC - 35oC(60oF-95oF) with some air movement,
will grow most Nepenthes species successfully. The temperature
change from day to night being beneficial.
基质
GROWING MEDIA
大多数种植者都有它们自己喜欢的基质，而且这些基质适用于不同的环境中。最基本的一点是，基质比较足够疏松且排水良好，但又能充分的保水为植物提供充足的水分。一些为大花惠兰和石斛配制的混有树皮的基质也可以用于植株猪笼草，因为这些基质不含肥料。我们现在使用以椰壳作为基础，混合木屑、珍珠岩和水苔的混合基质，这样的基质用于种植猪笼草是非常适合的。如果比较推荐一个，毫无疑问是水苔。水苔不仅是适合于猪笼草生长的基质，也使得温室拥有一个良好的环境。在高地猪笼草的原生地中，大多数情况下它们都是生长在水苔上的。当我们温室中的水苔开始生长时，说明温室中的环境也是适宜猪笼草生长的。而无论是低地品种还是高地品种都能在泥炭水苔的混合介质中生长良好。唯一的问题是泥炭水苔的混合介质会吸附水的矿物质。
Most growers have their preferred
growing medium and one will work in one environment and one in
another. The basic factor to keep in mind when selecting a potting
medium is that it must be both open enough to allow good drainage
but also be able to hold sufficient moisture for the plant in its
environment. Some of the commercial bark blended potting mixes
available for Cymbidium and Dendrobium Orchids are suitable for
Nepenthes as long as they do not contain fertilizer. We use both
our commercial coir(coconut) based medium (choir chip and perlite)
and pure Long Stranded Sphagnum moss with good success. If we had
to recommend one, we would always choose the sphagnum moss. This
gives us not only good success in growing the plants but it is also
a good indicator of the plant's environment. In a lot of cases the
highland species of Nepenthes grow naturally in live sphagnum moss
so when the moss starts growing in our cultivation houses this is a
good sign that the conditions are correct. Both the lowland and
highland species grow well in Sphagnum moss. The only problem I
have heard with regards to growing in Sphagnum is the tendency for
it to slime up and break down quickly in areas where the water
contains some minerals.
营养素
NUTRIENTS
关于营养素我们需要铭记的是，猪笼草是一种食虫植物，它们已经有通过捕捉昆虫或小型动物来获得营养素的能力。这些食虫植物都是非常高效的捕虫者。你可以在茎、叶或是捕虫笼上看到一些凹陷的点，这是它们的蜜腺。这些是它们吸引猎物的结构的一部分。而定期的给它们提供一些昆虫是否会让它们更健康、捕虫笼变更大或是更具有耐寒性，还没有充足的证据加以说明。
The basic thing to remember with the nutrient requirements of
Nepenthes is that they are carnivorous plants and best results are
obtained giving them the insects or small animals they have evolved
to digest for their needs. The plants are very efficient lures and
traps. You can even see small indented specks,
that are sometimes brown to black, on the leaves, stems and
pitchers which are nectar secreting glands. These are part of their
lure for the prey. We have seen plants solely supplied insects on a
regular basis and their quality, size and hardiness is evidence
enough.
我们希望上述的注意事项能够对植株这些奇妙的植物有帮助，最起码也能为你指出正确的方向。最重要的是，如果你的植物并没有长得很好请不要害怕，参考上面的方法它们一定会很快就向好的方向发展的
We hope that the above tips help in the cultivation of these
marvellous plants or at least have pointed you in the right
direction. Above all though, if your plants don't seem to be
growing well don't be frightened to experiment with the above
factors as the plants usually respond quickly to the right
conditions.
注释：此文章转自好友 “猫很忙”的QQ空间。
