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Insects You Love to Hate令你反感的小家伙
by Brian Foden |
Experts believe mosquitoes are possibly the deadliest creatures on Earth.
专家认为蚊子可能是地球上最致命的生物。 |
It
may be hard to believe that some experts consider tiny mosquitoes to be
the most dangerous creatures in the world. However, categorizing these
insects _(1)_ dangerous animals makes good sense, considering the fact that mosquito-borne illnesses kill millions of people each year. The list of deadly diseases includes malaria, encephalitis, West Nile virus, yellow fever, and dengue fever. In addition to infecting humans with life-threatening illnesses, mosquitoes also _(2)_ diseases to animals through parasites and viruses.
_(3)_ only a few of the 3,500 species of mosquitoes are capable of passing on diseases, the blood-sucking nature of these pests makes them universally hated. Tens of millions of years of evolution have turned mosquitoes into adept hunters with a _(4)_ sense of survival. One way that mosquitoes have evolved to track down potential meals of blood is through sensing carbon dioxide and lactic acid, which are substances emitted by mammals and birds, from a range of up to 36 meters. These insects can also detect heat and use visual _(5)_ to find hosts to feed on. _(6)_ visible clues, mosquitoes are drawn to movement and people wearing clothing that is in contrast to their surroundings.
For those wondering why some mosquitoes risk
_(7)_ blood from hosts who would gladly kill them, the reason is that
the protein found in blood acts as nourishment for producing eggs. In fact, only female mosquitoes suck blood. Males seek out nectar and other sugars to consume.
1. (A) for(B) to(C) as(D) in
2. (A) transmit(B) recruit(C) surpass(D) intervene
3. (A) When(B) While(C) Unless(D) Until
4. (A) profitable(B) parallel(C) logical(D) keen
5. (A) restraints(B) sensations(C) thresholds(D) sanctions
6. (A) On the verge of(B) In terms of(C) In place of(D) For fear of
7. (A) to be drunk(B) drink(C) drinking(D) to drink |
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- However, categorizing these insects as dangerous animals makes good sense,...
理由:
a. 本空格测试以下固定用法∶
categorize A as B将 A 归类为 B
The author's latest work cannot be categorized as a novel because it's too short.
这位作者最新的作品不能被归类为小说，因为文章太短了。
b. categorize 亦有下列用法∶
categorize A into B and C
将 A 归类为 B 和 C
The participants in this study are categorized into adults and teenagers.
这项研究的参与者被区分为成人组和青少年组。
c. 根据上述用法，(C) 项应为正选。 - ...mosquitoes also transmit diseases to animals through parasites and viruses.
理由:
a. (A) transmit vt. 传送；传染
= spread
The doctor unknowingly transmitted the disease to his patient.
那位医生不知不觉将疾病传染给他的病人。
(B) recruit vt. & vi. 招募（新兵）
My brother was recruited into the army soon after he graduated.
我弟弟毕业後没多久就被徵召入伍了。
(C) surpass vt. 超越，优於
My performance on the finals surpassed all of the other students'.
我在期末考的表现比其他学生好。
(D) intervene vi. 干涉，干预
（与介词 in 并用）
You'd better not intervene in their dispute.
你最好不要介入她们的争端。
b. 根据题意，(A) 项应为正选。 - While only a few of the 3,500 species of mosquitoes are capable of passing on diseases,...
理由:
a. 此处 while 等於 though，代表『虽然』的意思。
While recycling has helped, the government feels that more needs to be done.
虽然资源回收颇有成效，但政府觉得仍有许多尚待努力之处。
b. while 亦可作为『当……』。
While exploring the foreign city, John got disoriented and lost.
在国外的城市探险时，约翰迷失了方向而迷路了。
c. 其他选项语意皆不合， 故 (B) 项应为正选。 - Tens of millions of years of evolution have turned mosquitoes into adept hunters with a keen sense of survival.
理由:
a. (A) profitable a. 有利可图的
Fishing has become a profitable industry lately.
捕鱼近来成了一项赚钱的行业。
(B) parallel a. 平行的
be / run parallel to sth与某物平行
The road and the canal run parallel to each other for about two miles.
这条道路和运河彼此平行约 2 英里。
(C) logical a. 合乎逻辑的
Math is logical and not abstract like art.
数学是合乎逻辑的，不像艺术一样抽象。
(D) keen a. 渴望的；敏锐的
be keen on N/V-ing渴望要……
Sandy is keen on studying abroad in the UK.
珊蒂渴望能到英国读书深造。
Marcy has a keen eye for fashion.
玛西很有时尚概念。
b. 根据题意，(D) 项应为正选。 - These insects can also detect heat and use visual sensations to find hosts to feed on.
理由:
a. (A) restraint n. 克制
restrain vt. 抑制
restrain sb from...限制某人（做）……
The government should introduce some new policies to restrain inflation.
政府应该制定一些新政策以抑制通货膨胀。
John had to restrain himself from commenting on the political debate.
约翰必须抑制自己对政治辩论下评论的冲动。
(B) sensation n. 感觉；轰动
Jill seemed to have lost all sensation in her arms after the operation.
吉儿的两条手臂在手术後好像完全失去知觉了。
The new singer caused a sensation with the release of her debut album.
那位刚出道歌手的首张专辑一发行便造成轰动。
(C) threshold n. 门槛
at the threshold of...在……的开始
The group of young men are at the threshold of their future.
这群年轻人正要大展宏图。
(D) sanction n. 制裁（常用复数）
Trade sanctions were imposed against any country that refused to sign the agreement.
凡拒签该协议的国家均受到贸易制裁。
b. 根据题意，(B) 项应为正选。 - In terms of visible clues, mosquitoes are drawn to movement and people wearing clothing that is in contrast to their surroundings.
理由:
a. (A) on the verge of...在……的边缘
The company is on the verge of bankruptcy.
该公司濒临破产的边缘。
(B) in terms of...就……而言
In terms of service, that restaurant is excellent.
就服务而言，那家餐厅相当不错。
(C) in place of...取代……
Nylon is widely used in place of cotton nowadays.
现今尼龙已被广泛地用来取代棉花。
(D) for fear of...唯恐 以免……
Susan only eats low-fat foods for fear of putting on weight.
苏珊只吃低脂食品，以免发胖。
b. 根据语意，(B) 项应为正选。 - For those wondering why some mosquitoes risk drinking blood from hosts...
理由:
a. risk（冒险）作动词时，其後通常加名词或动名词作受词。
Lucy didn't want to risk losing her life savings by investing in the company.
露西不想冒险把毕生积蓄都拿来投资那家公司。
b. 根据上述，(C) 项应为正选。
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- infect vt. 使感染（常用被动语态）
Jim missed six months of school last year when he was infected with the rare disease.
吉姆去年染上这罕见疾病而休学 6 个月。 - be capable of N/V-ing能够……
I doubt if Tommy is capable of completing the mission all by himself.
我怀疑汤米是否能独自完成这项任务。 - pass sth on (to sb)将某物传给某人
Pass the book on to me when you've finished reading it.
当你读完这本书後，把它传给我。 - evolution n. 演化
It took years for the Theory of Evolution to gain mass acceptance.
进化论过了很多年才获得大众接受。 - adept a. 熟练的（常与介词 at 并用）
My mother is adept at bargaining with vendors at the night market.
我妈妈很会跟夜市摊贩杀价。 - track down...追踪……
The police worked hard to track down the sniper.
警方努力追查那名狙击手的下落。 - emit vt. 发出；排放
Cell phones emit radiation that may cause cancer.
行动电话发出的辐射可能会致癌。 - feed on...（尤指动物）以……为食
Frogs feed on small insects like flies and mosquitoes.
青蛙以像是苍蝇和蚊子等小昆虫为食。 - in contrast to...与……成对比
The puppy appears small in contrast to its mother.
这苹小狗和母狗比起来模样小多了。 - nourishment n. 营养
Breast milk can provide all the basic nourishment a baby needs.
母乳可提供所有婴儿所需的基本营养。 - seek out...找出……
If the storm doesn't stop, we will have to seek out a place to stay for the night.
如果暴风雨不停，我们今晚就得找个地方过夜。
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- deadly a. 致命的
- expert n. 专家
- borne a. 由……传播的
- malaria n. 疟疾
- encephalitis n. 脑炎
- West Nile virus西尼罗病毒
- yellow fever黄热病
- dengue fever登革热
- life-threatening a. 危及生命的
- parasite n. 寄生虫
- blood-sucking a. 吸血的
- nature n. 天性
- pest n. 害虫
- universally adv. 普遍地
- lactic acid乳酸
- mammal n. 哺乳动物
- detect vt. 探测
- host n.（寄生动物的）宿主
- visible a. 显而易见的
- surroundings n. 周围环境
（恒用复数） - nectar n. 花蜜
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- make sense合理
- up to + 数字多达……
- be drawn to...被……吸引
- act as...作为……
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..., considering the fact that mosquito-borne illnesses kill millions of people each year.
注意
considering prep. 考虑到……，鉴於……
英文中有少数现在分词可作介词用，considering
於本句中恰好为此例，其後可直接接名词当受词，但不可直接接 that 子句作受词，须先在其後加 the fact 作其受词，然後再接 that
子句，此 that 子句乃其前 the fact 的同位语。
The two businessmen were reluctant to meet in person, considering the comments that were made.
考虑到之前所发表的意见，这两位商人均不愿与彼此碰面。
Considering the fact that you revealed company secrets, we have no choice but to fire you.
鉴於你 漏公司机密，我们不得不开除你。 |
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令你反感的小家伙
专家认为蚊子可能是地球上最致命的生物。
一些专家将小蚊子视为世界上最危险的生物，这可能对你来说难以置信。然而，有鉴於蚊子带原传播的疾病每年让数百万人丧命的此一事实，将这些昆虫分类为危险动物是很合理的。致命疾病的名单包括疟疾、脑炎、西尼罗病毒、黄热病以及登革热。除了使人类感染到危及生命的疾病之外，蚊子还会透过寄生虫和病毒传播疾病给动物。
虽然 3 千 5 百种蚊子当中只有一些能传递疾病，但这些害虫的嗜血本性仍让它们普遍受到厌恶。数千万年的演化已经把蚊子转变为很有生存感的猎人。蚊子进化成可追踪潜在血液食物的一种方法，即是凭藉著感测二氧化碳和乳酸，这些物质会从哺乳动物和鸟类排放出来，感测范围广达 36 公尺。这些昆虫还可以探测到热度并利用视觉找到宿主以求温饱。以显见的线索来看，蚊子会受到动作以及穿著服装与周围环境成对比的人所吸引。
对於那些想知道为何有些蚊子要冒著生命危险吸取宿主的血，而宿主却会很乐意打死蚊子的人来说，蚊子吸血的理由就是存在於血液中的蛋白质可作为滋养以助产卵。事实上，只有雌蚊会吸血。雄蚊则是找寻花蜜和其他糖类以供食用。
答案∶1. (C)2. (A)3. (B)4. (D)5. (B)6. (B)7. (C) | | |
