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英语的几种基本句型 1、
主语 + 不及物动词： S V 2、
主语 + 及物动词 + 宾语：S V 0 3、
主语 + 系动词 + 表语（主语补足语）：S V C 4、
主语 + 及物动词 + 宾语 + 宾语补足语（复合宾语）：S V O C 5、
主语 + 及物动词 + 间接宾语 + 直接宾语 （双宾语）：S V o O 另两种较常用句型：(为了意思上的完整) 6、
主语 + 及物动词 + 状语：S V A 7、
主语 + 及物动词 + 宾语 + 状语：S V O A Example: 1. They laughed. 2. We love music. 3. They are very happy. 4. We call him monkey. 5. My father gave me some money. 6. The train leaves at six. 7. We put the books on the desk. 常见常用的动词句型 Verb
Pattern 1 主语+系动词+表语（代词/名词/名词短语） Time is money. The dictionary is mine. Wasting time is a bad habit. You must become the master
of time not its servant. Sunday seems to be the best
study day for many students. 注意： 1.用于这一句型的系动词主要有appear, be , become ,feel, look, prove , remain, seem 和 sound 等。 2.系动词appear ,seem 和prove 后面可加to be. Verb
Pattern 2 主语+系动词+表语（形容词/形容词短语） Time is dangerous. One thing is certain. A good plan must be a little flexible. Andersen remained single all his life. The plays and poetry that Andersen wrote
were not very good. 注意： 用于这一句型的系动词主要有appear, be , become ,feel, get, go, grow, keep, look,
prove , remain, seem, smell, sound, stay, taste 和 turn等。系动词appear ,seem 和prove 后面可加to be. Verb
Pattern 3 主语+系动词+表语（副词/介词短语） At last we were/got home. The birthday party will be
at nine. The children are in the
garden. Hans felt most at ease with
children. One big fact that he could
not see was right under his nose. 注意： 用于这一句型的系动词主要有be , feel, get和keep。 Verb Pattern 4 主语+不及物动词 The moon rose. His mother has left. The telephone is
ringing. The glass
dropped and broke. The old man can't
read and write. 注意：用于这一句型的动词不能用于被动结构。 Verb Pattern 5 主语+不及物动词+状语（副词/副词短语） He speaks quickly. She sings
beautifully. The boy played
very well. My husband
smokes heavily. This winter
snow came early. 注意：用于这一句型的动词不能用于被动结构。 Verb
Pattern 6 主语+短语动词 *主语+不及物短语动词 For 37
years, a new book of Andersen's fairy tales came out each Christmas. *主语+及物短语动词 We should
take care of public property. He walk too
fast, I couldn't catch up with him. The young
man looked up the word in the dictionary. Andersen
listened to the tales which the women told at their weaving（编造）. 注意：部分及物短语动词可用于被动结构，但用主动结构更自然。 Verb
Pattern 7 主语+及物动词+宾语（名词/名词短语/代词） I believe him. He is watching television. Andersen had a beautiful high, clear
voice. Andersen forgave the man and
comforted him. Each of the cards represents an
actual use of the word by a writer of some importance. 注意： 除动词have， lack， fit， suit， resemble外，用于这一句型的其它动词均可用于被动结构，但主动结构更为自然。如： The man was forgiven and comforted (by
Anderson). Verb Pattern 8 主语+及物动词+宾语（that 从句） The man also noticed that he
was getting fat. The old man said that he was
sorry for what he had done. An emergency-room nurse
learned that the old man's son was a Marine （海军陆战队士兵）stationed
in North Carolina. Occasionally, the nurse
suggested that the Marine rest for a while. 注意： 1.连词that可以省略。 2.用于这一句型的动词能用于被动结构，一般用先行词it作为形式主语，真正的主语置于句尾连词that不能省略。如： It is widely believed that every
word has a correct meaning. Verb Pattern 9 主语+及物动词+宾语（wh-/how/if/whether从句） 主语+及物动词+宾语（wh-/how/whether不定式短语） I don't know whether it is true. You can imagine what
happened! The small boy doesn't even
know how to read. The old man couldn't decide
which of his children to leave his money to. The article explained how
dictionaries are made and how the editors arrive at definitions. 注意： 1.用于这一句型的部分动词可用于被动结构，一般用先行词it作为形式主语，真正的主语置于句尾。如： It was explained how dictionaries are made and
how the editors arrive at definitions. It couldn't be decided (by the old man) which
of his children to leave his money to. 2.副词why不能引导不定式短语。 Verb Pattern 10 主语+及物动词+宾语（不定式短语） I can't afford to find that
out. The others pretended to
sneeze(打喷嚏). I began to think about what
he's said to me. Relatives who had not spoken
for years promised to stay in touch. Andersen wanted to write
plays in poetry and to act at the Royal Theater. 注意： 1.不定式分句隐含的主语总跟主句的主语一致。 2、用于这一句型的动词不能用于被动结构。 Verb Pattern 11 主语+及物动词+宾语（动名词短语） I forgot closing the window. We began shouting at each
other. In the short-term, you can
start practising being happy. Henry Ground loved sitting
in the sun and counting the blades（草片） of
grass. Henry Ground couldn't resist
playing one last little joke on his friends. 注意： 1.用于这一句型的动词常用的有avoid, begin, consider, continue, dislike, enjoy,
finish, forget, hate, like, love, remember, require, resist, start, stop,和try。 2.用于这一句型的动词一般不用于被动结构 Verb
Pattern 12 主语+及物动词+宾语（带逻辑主语的动名词短语） I don't know him/his lending my
money. My mother forbids me/my smoking in the
house. I miss you/your bringing me cups of coffee
at night. The old lady hated the children/children's
playing in her garden. The little girl loves her mother/her
mother's reading to her in bed. 注意： 1.动名词短语的逻辑主语可以是人称代词、名词、名词短语（如him, its, Tom, the students）或是比较正式的所有格形式（如his, Tom's, the students''）。不表示人的代词或名词所有格则很少使用。 如 ： I looked forward to its getting warm in spring.
We stopped the truck's crashing into the
wall. 2.用于这一句型的动词主要有
admire, dislike, forbid, hate, imagine, justify, like, love, miss, prevent,
recall, regret, remember, report Verb
Pattern 13 主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补语（不定式短语） I wish you to tell me the truth. Henry asked his brother Colin to read out
his will. The job requires you to speak good
English. The Prince told Andersen to learn a useful
trade. They advised Hans Christian not to write
any more poetry and plays, and to try to get a government job. 注意： 1.用于这一句型的动词有
allow, advise, expect, forbid, invite, hate, like, order, teach, tell, warn。 2.用于这一句型的部分动词可用于被动结构。 如： Verb
Pattern 14 主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补语（不带to的不定式短语） The jokes made my side ache. Louise would not let anyone follow
her. One day they saw him put a lot of bread
under his shirt. Now and then the nurse heard him say a few
gentle words. We watched the tall figure cross the square
and get onto a bus. 注意： 1.用于这一句型的动词多是感知动词（如feel, hear, see和watch）或是具有强制意义的动词（如have,
help, let和make）。 2.动词help后的不定式标志to可有可无，help sb. to do sth.多见于英式英语，help sb. do sth. 多见于美式英语。 3.除watch外，其它动词均可用于被动语态，主动结构中的宾语则变为被动结构中的主语，而不带to的不定式则变为带to的不定式，但主动结构要更为自然。如： He was seen to put a lot of bread under his
shirt one day.
Verb
Pattern 15 主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补语（形容词/形容词短语） You will make yourself sick. They all found the joke funny. The medicine made the old man's eyes
weak. 注意：用于这一句型的部分动词可以用于被动结构，但主动结构要更为自然。如： The old man’s eyes were made weak by the
medicine. Verb
Pattern 16 主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补语（名词/名词短语） I
consider Linda my best friend. Our teacher declared him the winner. The boss made Mr. Brown chairman of the
department. 注意： 用于这一句型的动词可用于被动结构。 如：He was declared the winner by the teacher. Verb
Pattern 17 主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补语（介词/介词短语） He placed the violin in a corner. He put some small berries in his
mouth. A nurse took the tired, anxious serviceman
to the bedside. He felt sweat oh his forehead, but he took
the violin from the wall calmly. 注意：
1.这一句型里的宾语补语多为表示空间，特别是表示方向的介词短语。 2.用于这一句型中的动词一般可用于被动结构。如： The violin was placed in a corner (by him).
Verb
Pattern 18 主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补语（现在分词） The newspaper article set me
thinking. Louise could hear someone singing far
away. The Jewish man watched me trying to
read that paper. The men from the ship saw a strange object
lying on the beach. 注意：
1.用于这一句型的动词一类是感知动词（catch, discover, feel, find, hear, leave, notice, observe, overhear,
perceive, see, smell, spot, spy和watch），另一类是使役动词（get,
have, keep, set和start）。 2.除动词have和start外，其它动词一般可用于被动结构，即将主动结构中的宾语变为被动结构中的主语，但主动结构要更为自然。如： Ｉwas watched (by the Jewish man) trying to read that
paper. 3.动词feel,
hear, notice, see, observe, overhear和watch后既可接现在分词作补语，又可接不带to的不定式作补语，这二者的区别是：前者表示正在进行的动作，而后者则着重表示从头到尾的全过程。如： She watched her son cross the road. 她看着儿子过了马路。（注视着全过程） She watched her son crossing the road. 她看着儿子过了马路(不一定是全过程)
Verb
Pattern 19 主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补语（过去分词） My father got his watch repaired. I
would like my bedroom cleaned. The small boy has had his teeth
fixed. The young man had his hair cut in a small
barber's shop. We would have most of the dishes cleared
away by 11:00 or 11:15 p.m. 注意：
1.用于这一句型的动词为使役动词（get, have）、意愿动词（like, need, want)、感知动词（feel, hear, see, watch）和后接表示结果状态的过去分词（discover, find, leave). 2.只有第四类动词可用于被动结构。如：His car was found abandoned. Verb
Pattern 20 主语+及物动词+间接宾语（人称代词/名词/名词短语）+直接宾语（名词/名词短语） Only love of life gave him strength. Andersen's father showed him a white
woman-like figure. 注意：用于这一句型的大部分动词均可用于两种形式的被动结构，即将主动结构中的间接宾语或直接宾语变为被动结构中的主语，但第一种形式的被动形式更为常见。如： Andersen was shown an a white woman-like
figure (by his father). A white woman-like figure was shown to Verb
Pattern 21 主语+及物动词+直接宾语+间接宾语（to/for/of+名词/名词短语/人称代词） We sent a letter of thanks to him . My
mother poured a cup of coffee for the guest. She has showed her expensive coat to all
her friends. Television presents a world that doesn’t
exist to children. You may ask a favor of him. 注意：
用于这一句型的大部分动词可用于被动结构，即将主动结构中的直接宾语变为被动结构中的主语。如： Her expensive coat has been showed to all
her friend 补充练习：（把间接宾语置后） 1.
Mr.
Smith brought her children the toys. 2.
Mrs.
Stone baked her son a birthday cake. 3.
The
girl showed her father the report. 4.
The
teacher assigned us the task. 5.
The
awarded Christina the first prize. l 加介词to表示间接宾语是动作的接受者。 l 加介词for表示间接宾语是动作的受益者。 Verb
Pattern 22 主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语（that从句） I warned Dennis that the paint was
wet. He promised me that he would study harder
this semester. Henry told the police that some students
were digging a hole in the road. 注意： 1.连词that有时可以省略。 2.用于这一句型的大部分动词可用于被动结构。如： I was warned (by him) that the paint was
wet. Verb
Pattern 23 主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语（wh-/how/if/whether从句） 主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语（wh-/how/whether不定式短语）
I should teach you what is right. He didn't tell us what really
happened. Bob asked the professor when he could leave
the laboratory. He didn't tell the students if/whether they
could use a dictionary. Could you show me how to use this machine? 注意：
1.用于这一句型的动词主要有advise,
ask, inform, instruct, remind, show, teach, tell和warn。其中部分动词可用于被动结构，即将主动结构中的间接宾语变为被动结构中的主语。如：The boy was told (by the woman) what the
work was like. s (by her). 2、副词why不能引导不定式短语。 Verb
Pattern 24 主语+及物动词+间接宾语（to+名词/名词短语/人称代词）+直接宾语（不定式短语） He motioned to me to sit down. She beckoned(招手）to me to
follow. Henry nodded to the wine waiter to bring
another cup of wine. 注意：
1.用于这一句型的宾语指主语招呼或示意的对象。 2.用于这一句型的动词一般不能用于被动结构。 Verb
Pattern 25 主语+及物动词+间接宾语（to+名词/名词短语/人称代词）+直接宾语（wh-/how/if/ wh从句） 主语+及物动词+间接宾语（to+名词/名词短语/人称代词）+直接宾语（wh-/how/if/ whether不定式短语）
The manager indicated to me where I should
sit / where to sit. The headmaster explained to the new
teachers what they should do next / what to do next. My mother described to me how I should cook
the fish / how to cook the fish. 注意：
1.这一句型里的间接宾语主要指主语发出信息的对象。 2.用于这一句型里的部分动词可用于被动结构，一般用 it 作为形式主语，真正的主语置于曾是主动结构中的间接宾语之后。如： It was explained to the new teachers (
by the headmaster) what they should do next / what to do next. 3.副词 why 不能引导不定式短语。 比较两种句型： Verb
Pattern 13 主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补语（不定式短语） I wish you to tell me the truth. The Prince told Andersen to learn a useful
trade. 1.用于这一句型的动词有
allow, advise, expect, forbid, invite, hate, like, order, teach, tell, warn. 2.用于这一句型的部分动词可用于被动结构。 Verb
Pattern 24 主语+及物动词+间接宾语（to+名词/名词短语/人称代词）+直接宾语（不定式短语） He motioned to me to sit down. She beckoned(招手）to me to
follow. Henry nodded to the wine waiter to bring
another cup of wine. 注意： 1.用于这一句型的宾语指主语招呼或示意的对象。 2.用于这一句型的动词一般不能用于被动结构。 比较另两种句型： Verb Pattern 16主语+及物动词+宾语+ 宾语补语（名词/名词短语） I
consider Linda my best friend. Our teacher declared him the winner. The boss made Mr. Brown chairman of the
department. We all consider the book a masterpiece. * 宾语既可以是人又可以是物。 * 宾语和宾语补足语在意思上所指的是同一样的东西。 * 一般不可以调换位置。 Verb Pattern 20主语+及物动词+间接宾语 +
直接宾语（名词/名词短语） Only love of life gave him strength. Please throw me the key. l 既有人又有物，人是间接宾语，物是直接宾语。 l 大多可以通过加to/for调换位置。 Homework: 1.
Miss
Jones is a secretary. 2.
The
flowers are blooming. 3.
Walls
have ears. 4.
The
mother will buy the girl a dress. 5.
The parents
consider the child a genius. 6.
They
stayed in a hotel. 7.
They
put the material evidence in front of the desk. 8.
All
the tourists seemed pleased. 9.
The
guests have arrived. 10. Someone have left you this note. |
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