我国香港特别行政区的(Hong
Kong)的区花/市花——红花羊蹄甲(Bauhinia blakeana)
中文名:红花羊蹄甲、红花紫荆、艳紫荆、洋紫荆、紫荆花、香港紫荆花
英文名:Hong Kong Orchid Tree
拉丁名:Bauhinia blakeana
Dunn
科
【原产地】:原产我国香港。为Bauhinia variegata(洋紫荆、宫粉羊蹄甲) 与 Bauhinia
purpurea(羊蹄甲、紫花羊蹄甲)的自然杂交种。
This tree was discovered in around 1880 near the ruins of a
house on above the shore-line of western Hong Kong island near Pok
Fu Lam and propagated to the formal botanical gardens in
Victoria/Central. It was later named for Sir Henry Blake, British
Governor of Hong Kong, from 1898 to 1903 who was a keen amateur
botanist, by the man who made the first thorough scientific
description of the 'Hong Kong orchid tree' S. T. Dunn,
Superintendent of the Botanical and Forestry Department, who
assigned it to the genus Bauhinia and named it after Blake in his
paper of 1908.
【形态特征】:乔木;分枝多,小枝细长,被毛。叶革质,近圆形或阔心形,长8.5-13厘米,宽9-14厘米,基部心形,有时近截平,先端2裂约为叶全长的1/4-1/3,裂片顶钝或狭圆,上面无毛,下面疏被短柔毛;基出脉11-13条;叶柄长3.5-4厘米,被褐色短柔毛。总状花序顶生或腋生,有时复合成圆锥花序,被短柔毛;苞片和小苞片三角形,长约3毫米;花大,美丽;花蕾纺锤形;萼佛焰状,长约2.5厘米,有淡红色和绿色线条;花瓣红紫色,具短柄,倒披针形,连柄长5-8厘米,宽2.5-3厘米,近轴的1片中间至基部呈深紫红色;能育雄蕊5枚,其中3枚较长;退化雄蕊2-5枚,丝状,极细;子房具长柄,被短柔毛。通常不结果,花期全年,3-4月为盛花期。
【生长习性】:
【繁殖方法】:花瓣长达五至七公分,四季开花,花期长,花朵艳丽,开花后即无法结果,可以采用扦插、分株、压条的方法,均易成活。
【园林用途】:洋紫荆树冠雅致花大而艳丽,叶形如牛、羊之蹄甲,极为奇特,是热带、亚热带观赏树种之佳品。宜作行道树、庭荫风景树。该花单朵花4~5天,整株花期长达近半年,洋紫荆花以行道树在香港地区广为栽培,该花具有花期长,花朵大,花形美,花色鲜花香浓五大特点。现在紫荆花已成为香港市花
。
【参考资料】:
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