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初中英语八种时态归纳复习 时态是英语学习中一个至关重要的内容，广大初中学生在实际运用时，往往对时态问题倍感棘手，下面我们就归纳复习一下这几种时态。 一、 一般现在时 （一）定义 表示经常性或习惯性的动作，或存在的状态，还表示主语具备的性格 和能力及客观真理。 例：I get up at 6:30 in the morning . She is at home . (二)构成 主要用动词原形表示，当主语是第三人称单数时，在动词词尾加s/es。 (三)句型 1、肯定句：主语+谓语+其他。 She reads English everyday . 2、否定句：主语+don’t/doesn’t+谓语+其他。 He doesn’t get up at 6:30 in the morning . 3、一般疑问句：Do/Does+主语+V原+其他？ Do you like English ? Yes ,I do ./No, I don’t . 4、特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+do/does+主语+V原+其他？ What time do you get up every morning ? Where does your father work ? （三）用法 1、表示经常性或习惯性的动作，或存在的状态，带与表示频率的时间状语如：often , sometimes , usually，always , everyday year，month．．．） , once/twice a week (month , year , etc.) , seldom , on sundays等连用。 I leave home for school at seven every morning . 2、表示客观真理，科学事实、格言警句。 The sun rises in the east .日出东方。 The earth goes around the sun .地球绕着太阳转。 Ten minus two is eight.十减二等于八。 Light travels faster than sound .光的速度比声音的速度快。 The United States lies by the west coast of the Pacific Ocean. 美国位于太平洋西岸。 3、根据英文语法规定，当主句的谓语动词是一般将来时，那么时间或条件状语从句的谓语动词只能用一般现在时来表示将来要发生的动作。 I'll tell him the news when he comes back. 他回来时，我将告诉他这个消息。 If you come this afternoon,we’ll have a meeting . 4、仅为了描述状态、性质、特征、能力等等。这里的目的是为了"描述现阶段的动作或状态"，其重点"不是强调动作发生的时间、或进行的状态"。例如： He can speak five foreign languages .他能说五种外语。 That is a beautiful city .那是座美丽的城市。 Changjiang River is one of the longest rivers in the world. 长江是世界上最长的河流之一。 She majors in music .她主修音乐。 All my family love football .我全家人都喜欢足球。 My sister is always ready to help others . 我妹妹总是乐于助人。 （四）动词第三人称单数形式变化规则 1、一般情况下，动词后直接加-s; 如：help-helps ,clean-cleans ,give-gives等。 2、以s，x，ch，sh或o结尾的动词，在词尾加-es; 如：dress-dresses,fix-fixes,watch-watches,finish-finishes等。 3、以辅音字母加y结尾的动词，把y变为i，再加-es; 如：study--studies,fly-flies,carry--carries等。 4、动词have遇在主语是第三人称单数时，have改为has， 如：He has an interesting book . 5、动词be遇有主语是第一人称单数时，be改为am，遇有主语是第二人称时，be改为are，遇有主语是第三人称单数时，be改为is 一般现在时练习题 1）用动词的适当形式填空 1.I like ____________ (swim). 2.He _________(read) English every day. 3.We _________(go)to school at seven in the morning. 4.Mike________(go)to school at seven in the morning. 5.My mother________(like) ______(go) shopping. 6.I can ________(draw) many beautiful pictures. 7.She_________(make) a model plane. 8.Do you ________(like)_________(run)? 9.Does he_________(like)_________(jump) ? 10.Does Nancy_________(grow)flowers on Saturday ? 11.The teachers________(like)___________(dance). 12.The teacher________(like)____________(dance). 13.The students___________(speak) English in class. 14.The student_________(speak) Chinese after class. 15. Let's____________and play football . ( go ) 16. He_____________ like swimming . ( not ) 17. I'm sorry ____________that . ( hear ) 18. Wang Bing is____________ ( write ) an E-mail to his friend . 19. He has_____________a headache . ( get ) 20. _________you study English at school ? Yes , I___________. ( do ) 21. __________your sister study English at school ? No , she__________ . ( do ) 22. I'm _________ better . ( feel ) 23. Why__________Tom absent today ? ( be )
1.I take photos on Sunday. ( Mike) 2.We grow beautiful flowers. (she) 3.They like collecting stamps. (Ben) 4.I listen to music carefully. (my aunt) 5.You like making a model ship. (Helen) 6.We clean the classroom every day. (he) 7.They look after the pandas. (Mr Wang) 8.I draw a tree and some flowers. (Nancy) 9.We go to bed at eight. ( my sister) 10.I read newspapers in the evening. (Mr Green)
1. 第三人称单数： wash_________ match _______guess______ study______ finish_________ go________ snow______ carry_________ 2.写出下列动词的过去式：stop______ see________ drive ________let_______ carry______ keep_____ join______ find_______ think________ teach______ catch______ 3. 写出下列动词的现在分词形式： stay_______ begin______ forget_______ forget______ lie________ die _______ run_______ prefer______ give________ ring_______ dance______ hope_______ II. 用所给动词的适当形式填空： 1．I ________(write) to you as soon as I _______(get) to London. 2. He doean't feel well and ____________(not eat) any food this morning. 3. He ______ not _______(see) me come in, for he ___________(read) something with great interest. 4. I _________(l;et) you have the book as soon as I _________(finish) it. 5. While we ________(wait) for our teacher, a little boy ________(run) up to us. 6. Don't make a niose. Grandpa __________(sleep). 7.It's seven now, Tom's family__________(watch) TV. 8. It ________(take) me two hours to finish my homework last night. 9. What ______ your mother _______(do) at eight yesterday evening? She _______(wash) clothes. 10. _______ it ______ (rain) when school was over yesterday? 11. What _______(do) _______ tomorrow? We ________ (play) football. 12. There ________ (be) a football match on TV this evening. 13. They said they ________ (visit) the Great Wall the next summer holiday. 14. Who _______ (dance) the best in your class? 15. Will you come if he _____________ (not come)? 16. The teacher told us the earth __________ (move) round the sun. 17She ________ (buy) a sweater yesterday. 18. They _______ (have) a party in the garden if it ________ (not rain) tomorrow. 19. I don't know if Mr.Wang ______ (go) to Shanghai tomorrow. If he _____ (go), I ______ (ask) him _______ (take) some books to my daughter, because she _______ (study) there. III单项选择： 1.The students will go to the Summer Palace if it _____ tomorrow. A.don't rain B. doesn't rain C. won't rain 2. There _____ an English film next week. A. will have B. is going to have C. is going to be D. was going to be 3. The picture _______ nice. A.looks B.is looked C.look D.is looking 4. She ______ down and soon fell asleep. A. live B. lain C. laid D. lay 5. They _____ the office at nine yesterday morning. A. reached to B. arrived C. went D. get to 6. We shall go to Shanghai on business before you _____ back next week. A. wil come B. came C. would come D. come 7. Don't smoke until the plane ______ off. A.takes B.took C.was taken D.is take 8. I saw her ____ the room this morning. A.to enter B. entered C. enter D. enters 9.the teacher asked us ______ to school on time. A. to come B.coming C.come D.comes 10. John is always ______ others. A. help B. helping C. helps D. to help 11. He told us ______ at eight. A. working B. to work C. work D. worked 12. You'd better ______ at home and ______ your homework. A. to stay, do B. stay, do C. to stay, to do D. stay, to do 13. He sat down ______ a rest. A. having B. have C. to have D. had 14. Uncle Wang knows _______ a washing machine. A. how to make B. to make C. how making D. what to make 15. Jim decided _______ Polly to Ling Feng when he was back to England. A. to leave B. left C. leaving D. leave 二、 一般过去时 （一）结构 一般过去时用动词的过去式表示。
注：在一般过去时的句子中，谓语动词可分为两类一类是be动词，其形式为was与第一、三人称单数连用，were与第二人称和复数人称的主语连用。凡是由be动词做谓语的句子，变否定句时，直接在其后加not,即wasn’t 或weren’t，变一般疑问句将was/ were放在句首，句末用问号。另一类谓语动词是由行为动词来充当，如stayed\went\visited等,这一类动词做谓语时，可与任何人称连用，句子变否定时，要在主语后面，动词的前面加didn’t，动词用原形；一般疑问句是把did提到句首，动词用原形。 I was in Shanghai last year . I wasn’t in Shanghai last year . Was you in Shanghai last year ? He went to the park yesterday . He didn’t go to the park yesterday ? Did he go to the park yesterday ? （二）句式 1、肯定句：主语+动词过去式+其他。 I was in Beijing yesterday . I went to the beach yesterday . 2、否定句：主语+wasn’t 或weren’t+其他。 主语+didn’t + V原+其他。 I wasn’t in Beijing yesterday . I didn’t go to the beach yesterday . 3、一般疑问句：was/ were+主语+V原+其他？ Did +主语+V原+其他？ Were you in Beijing yesterday ? Did you go to the beach yesterday ? 4、特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+ was/ were+主语+其他？ 特殊疑问词+did+主语+V原+其他？ Where were you yesterday ? Where did yougo yesterday ? （三）用法 1、表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间里所发生的动作或情况，常与明确的时间状语连用，如：yesterday,last week(month , year…),…ago,the other day ,just now ,at the age of…,in 1980等连用。如： At the age of ten ,she began to learn to play the piano . 2、表示过去经常发生或反复发生的动作，常与表示频度的时间状语连用。 When I was a child ,I often play the football in the street . 3、在时间、条件状语从句中，常用一般过去时态代替过去将来时。 He said he wouldn’t go if it rained . （四）动词过去式的规则变化 1) 一般情况下, 在动词原形末尾加-ed ; 如look-looked 2) 结尾是字母e 的动词加-d, 如 practice-practiced； 3) 结尾是“辅音字母+y” 的动词, 变“y”为“i” 再加ed, 如study studied; 4) 重读闭音节结尾, 双写动词尾的辅音字母，再加ed, 如stop stopped。 不规则动词表 Infinitive Past tense Infinitive Past tense catch caught come came do did draw drew drink drank drive drove eat ate fall fell am is was are were begin begun break broke bring brought build built buy bought can could 动词过去式的记忆口诀 动词一般过去时, 表示过去发生事；be用was或用were, have, has变had； 谓语动词过去式, 过去时间坐标志；一般动词加- ed, 若是特殊得硬记。 否定句很简单, 主语之后didn’t添；疑问句也不难, did放在主语前； 如果谓语之前有did, 谓语动词需还原；动词若是was, were, 否定就把not添。 一般过去时练习题 一、 写出下列动词的过去式 1．look— 2. live— 3. stop— 4. carry— 5.hope— 6. trip— 7. call— 8. finish— 9. want— 10. are— 11. go— 12. have— 13. do— 14. get— 15.come— 16. say— Fill in the blanks. 1. ____ she ____(sing)a song last night? 2. --Were there any people in the room? (作否定回答) --______, _______ _______nobody. 3. --_____(be) they at work this morning? --Yes. They ______ (have)a meeting together. 4. --______ Joe ______ (do)well in the long-distance running? --Yes, he _______. 5. –Where _____ Tina’s Family____(go)last Summer? --They _______ (go)to New York for their vacation. 二、用be动词的适当形式填空 1. I ______ an English teacher now. 2. She _______ happy yesterday. 3. They _______ glad to see each other last month. 4. Helen and Nancy ________ good friends. 5. The little dog _____ two years old this year. 6. Look, there ________ lots of grapes here. 7. There ________ a sign on the chair on Monday. 8. Today _____ the second of June. Yesterday ______ the first of June. It _____ Children's Day. All the students ______ very excited. 三、用所给动词的适当形式填空 1. I ______ (watch) a cartoon on Saturday. 2. Her father _______ (read) a newspaper last night. 3. We _________ to zoo yesterday, we _____ to the park. (go) 4. ______ you _______ (visit) your relatives last Spring Festival? 5. ______ he _______ (fly) a kite on Sunday? Yes, he ______. 6. Gao Shan _______ (pull) up carrots last National Day holiday. 7. I ____________ (sweep) the floor yesterday, but my mother ______. 8. What _________ she _________ (find) in the garden last morning? She _________ (find) a beautiful butterfly. 9. It _________ (be) Ben's birthday last Friday 10. 10. We all _________ (have) a good time last night. 11. He _________ (jump) high on last Sports Day. 12. 12. Helen _________ (milk) a cow on Friday. 13. She likes _________ newspapers, but she _________ a book yesterday. (read) 14. He _______ football now, but they _______ basketball just now. (play) 15. Jim's mother _________ (plant) trees just now. 16. _______ they ________ (sweep) the floor on Sunday? No, they _________. 17. I _______ (watch) a cartoon on Monday. 18 We ____ (go) to school on Sunday. 19. It ____ (be) the 2nd of November yesterday. Mr White ___ (go) to his office by car. 20. Gao Shan ________ (put) the book on his head a moment ago. 21. Don't ______ the house. Mum _______ it yesterday. (clean) 22. What _________ you ______ just now? I _______ some housework. (do) 23. They _________ (make) a kite a week ago. 24. I want to ______ apples. But my dad _______ all of them last month. (pick) 25. _______ he ______ the flowers this morning? Yes, he _____. (water) 26. She ____ (be) a pretty girl. Look, she _____ (do) Chinese dances. 27. The students often _________ (draw) some pictures in the art room. 28.What ______ Mike do on the farm? He ________ cows. (milk)
（一）概念 表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态。 There will be an English party next Saturday . We will come to see you tomorrow . （二）结构 1、由will +动词原形构成，其will适用于各种人称，与主语连在一起时，常常缩写为’ll。变否定句时，只需在will后加not，可缩写为won’t 。在疑问句中，will需提前，构成will+主语+动词原形的结构。 He will arrive here this evening .他今晚抵达这里。 2、shall+动词原形（常用于主语为第一人称） I shall / will not be free tomorrow .我明天没空。 3、be going to+动词原形（打算、准备做某事） He is going to spend his holidays in London . 他打算在伦敦度假。 （三）用法 1、表示在将来某个时间将要发生的动作或存在的状态，常与表示将来的时间状语，如：tomorrow, next day（week，month，year．．．．）， this evening (weekend …), in the future , in a few minutes， the day after tomorrow ,by．．．， soon 等连用。 I will pay a visit to Shanghai next week . I hope you won’t be late next time . 2、当主句为一般现在时，在以after,when,while,as soon as ,if ,unless等引导的时间或条件句中，要用一般现在时表将来。 I’ll do it better if the teacher gives me another chance . 一般将来时练习题 一、单项选择 ( ) 1. There __________ a meeting tomorrow afternoon. A. will be going to B. will going to be C. is going to be D. will go to be ( ) 2. Charlie ________ here next month. A. isn't working B. doesn't working C. isn't going to working D. won't work ( ) 3. He ________ very busy this week, he ________ free next week. A. will be; is B. is; is C. will be; will be D. is; will be ( ) 4. There ________ a dolphin show in the zoo tomorrow evening. A. was B. is going to have C. will have D. is going to be ( ) 5. -_____ you ______ free tomorrow? - No. I _____ free the day after tomorrow. A. Are; going to; will B. Are; going to be; will C. Are; going to; will be D. Are; going to be; will be ( ) 6. Mother ________ me a nice present on my next birthday. A. will gives B. will give C. gives D. give ( ) 7. - Shall I buy a cup of tea for you? -________. （不，不要。） A. No, you won't. B. No, you aren't. C. No, please don't. D. No, please. ( ) 8. - Where is the morning paper? - I ________ if for you at once. A. get B. am getting C. to get D. will get ( ) 9. ________ a concert next Saturday? A. There will be B. Will there be C. There can be D. There are ( ) 10. If they come, we ________ a meeting. A. have B. will have C. had D. would have ( ) 11. He ________ her a beautiful hat on her next birthday. A. gives B. gave C. will giving D. is going to giving ( ) 12. He ________ to us as soon as he gets there. A. writes B. has written C. will write D. wrote ( ) 13. He ________ in three days. A. coming back B. came back C. will come back D. is going to coming back ( ) 14. If it ________ tomorrow, we'll go roller-skating. A. isn't rain B. won't rain C. doesn't rain D. doesn't fine ( ) 15. - Will his parents go to see the Terra Cotta Warriors tomorrow? - No, ________ （不去）. A. they willn't. B. they won't. C. they aren't. D. they don't. ( ) 16. Who ________ we ________ swimming with tomorrow afternoon? A. will; go B. do; go C. will; going D. shall; go ( ) 17. We ________ the work this way next time. A. do B. will do C. going to do D. will doing ( ) 18. Tomorrow he ___ a kite in the open air first, and then ____ boating in the park. A. will fly; will go B. will fly; goes C. is going to fly; will goes D. flies; will go ( ) 19. The day after tomorrow they ________ a volleyball match. A. will watching B. watches C. is watching D. is going to watch ( ) 20. There ________ a birthday party this Sunday. A. shall be B. will be C. shall going to be D. will going to be ( ) 21. They ________ an English evening next Sunday. A. are having B. are going to have C. will having D. is going to have ( ) 22. ________ you ________ free next Sunday? A. Will; are B. Will; be C. Do; be D. Are; be ( ) 23. He ________ there at ten tomorrow morning. A. will B. is C. will be D. be ( ) 24. ________ your brother ________ a magazine from the library? A. Are; going to borrow B. Is; going to borrow C. Will; borrows D. Are; going to borrows ( ) 25. - Shall I come again tomorrow afternoon? -________ （好的）. A. Yes, please B. Yes, you will. C. No, please. D. No, you won't. ( ) 26. It ________ the year of the horse next year. A. is going to be B. is going to C. will be D. will is ( ) 27. ________ open the window? A. Will you please B. Please will you C. You please D. Do you ( ) 28. - Let's go out to play football, shall we? - OK. I ________. A. will coming B. be going to come C. come D. am coming ( ) 29. It ________ us a long time to learn English well. A. takes B. will take C. spends D. will spend ( ) 30. The train ________ at 11. A. going to arrive B. will be arrive C. is going to D. is arriving 二、动词填空 1. I ______（leave）in a minute. I ______（finish）all my work before I ______ （leave）. 2. -How long _____ you _____（study）in our country? -I _____（plan）to be here for about one more year. -I _____（hope）to visit the other parts of your country. -What ______ you ______（do）after you ______（leave）here? -I ______（return）home and ______（get）a job. 3. I ______（be）tired. I ______（go）to bed early tonight. 4. Mary's birthday is next Monday, her mother _____（give）her a present. 5. It is very cold these days. It ______（snow）soon. 6. -_____ you _____（be）here this Saturday? -No. I ______（visit）my teacher. 7. -______ I ______（get）you a copy of today's newspaper? -Thank you. 8. I am afraid there ______（be）a meeting this afternoon. I can't join you. 9. Mike ______（believe, not）this until he ______（see）it with his own eyes. 10. Most of us don't think their team ______（win）. 三、用所给动词的一般将来时填空 1. I ______（leave）in a minute. I ______（finish）all my work before I ______ （leave）. 2. -How long _____ you _____（study）in our country? -I _____（plan）to be here for about one more year. -I _____（hope）to visit the other parts of your country. -What ______ you ______（do）after you ______（leave）here? -I ______（return）home and ______（get）a job. 3. I ______（be）tired. I ______（go）to bed early tonight. 4. Mary's birthday is next Monday, her mother _____（give）her a present. 5. It is very cold these days. It ______（snow）soon. 6. -_____ you _____（be）here this Saturday? -No. I ______（visit）my teacher. 7. -______ I ______（get）you a copy of today's newspaper? -Thank you. 8. I am afraid there ______（be）a meeting this afternoon. I can't join you. 9. Mike ______（believe, not）this until he ______（see）it with his own eyes. 10. Most of us don't think their team ______（win）. 四、单项选择 1. There __________ a meeting tomorrow afternoon. A. will be going to B. will going to be C. is going to be D. will go to be 2. Charlie ________ here next month. A. isn't working B. doesn't working C. isn't going to working D. won't work 3. He ________ very busy this week, he ________ free next week. A. will be; is B. is; is C. will be; will be D. is; will be 4. There ________ a dolphin show in the zoo tomorrow evening. A. was B. is going to have C. will have D. is going to be 5. -________ you ________ free tomorrow? - No. I ________ free the day after tomorrow. A. Are; going to; will B. Are; going to be; will C. Are; going to; will be D. Are; going to be; will be 6. Mother ________ me a nice present on my next birthday. A. will gives B. will give C. gives D. give 7. - Shall I buy a cup of tea for you? -________. （不，不要。） A. No, you won't B. No, you aren't. C. No, please don't D. No, please. 8. - Where is the morning paper? - I ________ if for you at once. A. get B. am getting C. to get D. will get 9. ________ a concert next Saturday? A. There will be B. Will there be C. There can be D. There are 10. If they come, we ________ a meeting. A. have B. will have C. had D. would have 11. He ________ her a beautiful hat on her next birthday. A. gives B. gave C. will giving D. is going to giving 12. He ________ to us as soon as he gets there. A. writes B. has written C. will write D. wrote 13. He ________ in three days. A. coming back B. came back C. will come back D. is going to coming back 14. If it ________ tomorrow, we'll go roller-skating. A. isn't rain B. won't rain C. doesn't rain D. doesn't fine 15. - Will his parents go to see the Terra Cotta Warriors tomorrow? - No, ________ （不去）. A. they willn't B. they won't. C. they aren't D. they don't. 16. Who ________ we ________ swimming with tomorrow afternoon? A. will; go B. do; go C. will; going D. shall; go 17. We ________ the work this way next time. A. do B. will do C. going to do D. will doing 18. Tomorrow he ________ a kite in the open air first, and then ________ boating in the park. A. will fly; will go B. will fly; goes C. is going to fly; will goes D. flies; will go 19. The day after tomorrow they ________ a volleyball match. A. will watching B. watches C. is watching D. is going to watch 20. There ________ a birthday party this Sunday. A. shall be B. will be C. shall going to be D. will going to be 21. They ________ an English evening next Sunday. A. are having B. are going to have C. will having D. is going to have 22. ________ you ________ free next Sunday? A. Will; are B. Will; be C. Do; be D. Are; be 23. He ________ there at ten tomorrow morning. A. will B. is C. will be D. be 24. ________ your brother ________ a magazine from the library? A. Are; going to borrow B. Is; going to borrow C. Will; borrows D. Are; going to borrows 25. - Shall I come again tomorrow afternoon? -________ （好的）. A. Yes, please B. Yes, you will. C. No, please D. No, you won't. 26. It ________ the year of the horse next year. A. is going to be B. is going to C. will be D. will is 27. ________ open the window? A. Will you please B. Please will you C. You please D. Do you 28. - Let's go out to play football, shall we? - OK. I ________. A. will coming B. be going to come C. come D. am coming 29. It ________ us a long time to learn English well. A. takes B. will take C. spends D. will spend 30. The train ________ at 11. A. going to arrive B. will be arrive C. is going to D. is arriving 参考答案： 一、1. am leaving ; will finish ; leave 2. will ; study ; plan ; hope ; will ; do ; leave ; will return ; get 3. am ; will 4. will give 5. will snow 6. Will, be ; will visit 7. Shall ; get 8. will be 9. won't believe ; sees 10. will win 二、1. C 2. D 3. D 4. D 5. D 6. B 7. C 8. D 9. B 10. B 11. D 12. C 13. C 14. C 15. B 16. D 17. B 18. A 19. D 20. B 21. B 22. B 23. C 24. B 25. A 26. A 27. A 28. D 29. B 30. D 四、过去将来时 表示过去的某时以后将要发生的动作。但这个"将来"时间绝不会延伸到“现在”；而仅限于“过去时间区域内”。由此可以看出，含这个时态的句子常带一个表示“过去某个时间点”的状语。这个状语或是一个短语，或是一个句子。这个时态常用于： A）宾语从句或间接引语中；B）表示过去习惯性的动作；C）表示过去情况中的“愿望”、“倾向”，多用于否定句。例如： A) When I thought about it , I wondered what their reaction would be . 当我考虑这件事时，我想知道他们的反应是什么。 She told me that she would go on trip to Europe the next day. 她告诉我，她第二天要去欧洲旅行。 He didn't expect that we would all be there. 他没料到我们会全在那儿。 B) During that period , he would do morning-exercises every day. 在那段时间，他每天早锻炼。 Whenever he had time, he would help his mother with some housework. 无论他什么时间有空,他总是帮他妈妈干点家务活。 C) No matter how difficult the work was , he would keep on doing it until he accomplished it . 不管工作有多难，他总会坚持不懈地把它干完。 They knew that we would never permit such a thing. 他们知道我们绝不会允许发生这样的事。 Even after the lecture ended, the audience would not leave . 甚至在讲座结束之后，听众仍不肯离去。 过去将来时基本结构 过去将来时由would, was/were going to, was/were to was/were about to等加动词原形构成, 也可由was/were on the point of加动名词构成。 例句： I knew you would agree. 我知道你会同意的。 I said I would arrange everything. 我说我来安排一切。 过去将来时练习题 I. 选择填空 1. Li Ming said he _____happy if Brian_____to China next month. A. as; come B. was; would come C. would be; came D. will be; come 2. Jenny said she _____her holiday in China. A. spent B. would spent C. was going to spent D. would spend 3. —What did your son say in the letter? —He told me that he ______ the Disney World the next day. A. will visit B. has visited C. is going to visit D. would visit 4. I hoped Tina ______ to my birthday party on time the next Wednesday. A. to come B. is coming C. will come D. was coming 5. Father said that he ______ me to Beijing the next year. A. took B. would take C. takes D. will take 6. We were not sure whether they ______ more vegetables. A. are going to grow B. were going to grow C. will grow D. have grown 7. She ______ to work when the telephone rang. A. is going B. will go C. was about to go D. is to go 1. Miss Zhang said she ________(visit) the Great Wall next summer. 2. She told him that she ________(not stay) here for long. 3. I wasn’t sure whether Lucy_______(come) the next year. 4. The scientists said the world’s population _______ (slow) down in future. 5. She said the bus _______(leave) at five the next morning. 6. I wasn't sure whether he _______(lend) me his book the next morning. 7. He was fifty-six. In two years he _______(be) fifty-eight. 8. Whenever she has time, she ______(help) them in their work. Key: I. 1-7 CDDDBBC II. 1. would visit 2. would not stay 3. would come 4. would slow 5. was leaving 6. would lend 7. would be 8. would help 五、现在进行时 （一）结构 由 Be(am／is／are) ＋动词—ing 构成。 （二）用法 1、表示说话时刻正在进行的动作及行为，或者包括说话时刻在内的一段时间正在进行的动作。常用时间状语及标志词：now( at the moment ) , listen , look , this week , this evening , these days 等。 My younger brother is becoming more and more insterested in English . 3、与always , all the time , forever等连用，表示说话人某种强烈的情感，如：赞许、批评；喜欢、厌恶等。例如： He is always thinking of others , not of himself . （表示赞许）他总是为他人着想，而不为自己。 She is often doing well at school. （表示满意）她在学校学习挺不错的。 Are you feeling better today? （表示亲切）你今天觉得好一些吗？ One of my roommates is constantly leaving things about.（表示不满）我的一个室友老是乱扔东西。 Some sellers are often knocking at our door and promoting their products to us .（表示不喜欢） 有些推销员老是敲我家的门,向我们推销他们的产品。 4、表示移位的动词，如go,come,leave,start,arrive等，其现在进行时可表将来。 My friend is coming for dinner . （三）句型 1、肯定句：主语+ be(am／is／are) ＋动词—ing +其他。 I am studying now . 2、否定句：主语+ be +not+动词—ing +其他。 I am not studying now . 3、一般疑问句：Be+主语+动词—ing +其他？ Is she studying now ? Yes ,she is ./No,she isn’t . 4、特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+ Be+主语+动词—ing +其他？ What are you doing now ? （四）动词的现在分词形式构成的几种方法： 1、一般在动词原形结尾直接加-ing 。 read-reading ，go-going ，visit-visiting 2、以不发音字母e结尾的动词，去e再加-ing。 live-living, write-writing，make-making,take-taking 3、 以重读闭音节结尾且末尾只有一个辅音字母的词，双写这个字母再加-ing 。 sit-sitting,begin-beginning,get-getting,run-running, put-putting 4、少数几个以ie结尾的动词，变ie为y再加-ing。 die-dying, lie-lying, tie-tying 现在进行时练习题 一、 写出下列动词的现在分词： play______run__________swim________make_______go________like________ write_______read________have_______sing_______dance_______put______ see_____buy______love__________live_______take________come________ get________stop________sit________begin________shop__________ 1.The boy __________________ ( draw)a picture now. 2. Listen .Some girls __________( sing)in the classroom . 3. My mother ____________ ( cook )some nice food now. 4. What _____ you ______ ( do ) now? 5. Look . They _____________( have) an English lesson . 6.They ____________(not ,water) the flowers now. 7.Look! the girls ____________(dance )in the classroom . 8.What is our granddaughter doing?She _________(listen ) to music. 9. It's 5 o'clock now. We ___________(have)supper now 10.______Helen__________(wash )clothes? Yes ,she is 一.填空题 1．Mr Zheng _______________ (read) a book now. 2. The rabbits _________________ (jump) now. 3.. Look ! Tom and John ________________ (swim). 4. My brother _________________ (make) a kite in his room now. 5. Look! The bus _______________ (stop). 6. We _______________ (have) an English class now. 7. Listen! Someone is__________________(come). 8. They ___________________(catch) butterflies now. 9. He ______________________ (do) an experiment now. 10. They _____________________(collect) stamps now. 11. Look! He _________ (dive) now. 12. Tom __________________ ( watch ) TV in the dining room. 13. The doctors _____________________ (get ) off the bus. 14. Come on. They _________________ ( leave ) now. 15. It _______________________ (eat) fish now. 16. My father __________________(work) in the office now. 17. Where is your mother? She ________________________ (answer) the phone. 二、用现在进行时完成下列句子: 1.What_________you__________(do)? 2.I_____________(sing) an English song. 3.What________he____________(mend)? 4.He______________(mend) a car. 5.______you__________(fly) a kite?Yes,_______. 6.______she___________(sit) in the boat? 7.______you_____________(ask) questions? 8.We_______________(play) games now. 六、过去进行时 （一）结构 由was/were+动词-ing构成。 （二）用法 表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间正在进行或发生的动作。动作发生的特指时间常用一个短语或时间状语从句来表明，如：at this time yesterday，at 7:00 yesterday ，last night ,from seven to nine ,at that time以when或while引导的时间状语从句等。 My family were watching TV at this time yesterday . 注意：（1）以when引导的时间状语从句中，从句动作，主句用过去进行时，表示一个动作发生时，另一个动作正在进行。 When he called me , I was having dinner . （2）以while引导的时间状语从句中，从句与主句的动作在过去某一时刻同时进行，while常译为“当……的时候，同时”。 Tom was doing his hmework while hie sister was watching TV . 过去进行时练习题 一、用动词的适当形式填空 1. While we __________ (wait) for the bus, a girl __________ (run) up to us. 2. I __________ (telephone) a friend when Bob __________ (come) in. 3. Jim __________ (jump) on the bus as it __________ (move) away. 4. We __________ (test) the new machine when the electricity __________ (go) off. 5. She __________ (not want) to stay in bed while the others _______________ (all, work) in the fields. 6. While mother ________ (put) Cathy to bed, the door bell ________ (ring). 7. As I __________ (walk) in the park, it __________ (begin) to rain. 8. Even when she ___________ (be) a child she ________________ (already, think) of becoming a ballerina (芭蕾舞演员). 9. It was quite late at night. George __________ (read) and Amy __________ (ply) her needle when they __________ (hear) a knock at the door. 10. There __________ (be) a group round the fire when they __________ (reach) it. An old woman __________ (sit) on the ground near the kettle; two small children __________ (lie) near her; a donkey __________ (bend) his head over a tall girl. 11. I _____ (have) my breakfast at half past six yesterday morning. 12. Mary _____ (go) over her lessons from six to seven last night. John and peter ____(do) the same thing. 13. What _____ you ___ (do) at that time? We _____ (watch) TV. 14. Was your father at home yesterday evening? Yes ,he was. He _____ (listen) to the radio. 15. They _____(not make) a model ship when I saw him. 16. _____ they ____ (have) a meeting at 4 yesterday afternoon? No, they _____. They _____ (clean) the classroom. 17. ______ it ______(rain) when you left school? Yes, it ____. (No, it ____) 18. What _____ your father _____ (do) when he was your age? 19. One day, Edison _____ (wait) for a train to arrive, and suddenly a little boy ran to the track(轨道) to play. 20. He asked me if I ______ (go) fishing that afternoon. 21. The three of them were in a hurry because their plane _____ (leave) in five minutes. 22. In a letter, john told us that he _____ (come) to china next month. 23. When the bell rang, jenny _____ (wait) in her seat. 24. She _____ (make) her dress the whole afternoon. 25. While my father ____ (look) through the evening paper, he suddenly ____ a cry. 26. When I ____ (come) in the room, he ____ (see) me, for he ____ (read) something 27. When we _____ (arrive) at the village, it _____ (get) dark and it _____ (rain) hard. 28. I _____ (know) you ____(wait) for me here. 29. One day a little monkey ____(play) in a tall tree. A mother crocodile(鳄鱼) ____ (look) for food near the bank. 30. What ____ your father ____ (do) yesterday evening? He ____ (study) at the evening school. 31. Later his parents found that he _____ (sit) on some eggs. 32. When he knocked at the door, my aunt ____ (cook) 33. The students ______ (sing) and ____ (dance) happily on the playground at that time. 34. I ____ (write) a letter when the door bell rang. 35. We had no classed at that time. We ____ (plant) trees. 二、 选择题 1.I ______ cooked a meal when you _____ me. a. cooked, were ringing b. was cooking, rang c. was cooking, were ringing d. cooked, rang 2.He said he _____ to draw a plane on the blackboard at that time. a. tries b. tried c. was trying d. will try 3.While she ______ TV, she ______ a sound outside the room. a. was watching, was hearing b. watched, was hearing c. watched, heard d. was watching, heard 4.They _____ a football game from 7 to 9 last night. a. were watching b. watch c. watched d. are watching 5.What book ____ you ______ when I ____ you at four yesterday afternoon? a. did, read, was seeing b. did, read, saw c. were, reading, saw d. were, reading, was seeing 6.It was Friday evening. Mr and Mrs. Green _____ ready to fly to England. a. are getting b. get c. were getting d. got 7.Lei Feng _____ always _____ of others when he ______ in the army. a. is, thinking, was b. was, thinking, is c. did, think, is d. was, thinking, was 8.A girl ______ my pen fall off the table when she _____ me. a. saw, passed b. was seeing, passed c. was seeing, passed d. was seeing, was passing 9.We ____ for tom at ten last Sunday. He often kept us ______. a. were waiting, waiting b. were waiting, wait c. waited, waiting d. waited, wait 10.He ____ his father on the farm the whole afternoon last Saturday. a. helps b. would help c. was helping d. is helping 11.While mother _______ some washing, I _____ a kite for Kate. a. did, made b. was doing, made c. was doing, was making d. did, was making 12."_______ you angry then?" "they ______ too much noise." a. are, were making b. were, were making c. are, made d. were, made 13.He ____ some cooking at that time, so _____ me a. did, heard b. did, didn't hear c. was doing, heard d. was doing, didn't hear 14.This time yesterday jack _____ his bike. He _____ TV a. repaired, didn't watch b. was repairing, watched c. repaired, watched d. was repairing, wasn't watching 15.His parents wanted to know how he _____ on with his new classmates. a. was getting b. gets c. is getting d. will get 七、现在完成时 （一）含义 现在完成时用来表示现在之前已发生或完成的动作或状态，但其结果却和现在有联系, 也就是说, 动作或状态发生在过去但它的影响现在还存在。 e.g. I have lost my wallet. (含义是：现在我没有钱花了。) Jane has laid the table.(含义是：已可以吃饭了。) Michael has been ill.(含义是：现在仍然很虚弱。) He has returned from abroad. (含义是：现在已在此地) （二）结构 助动词have /has+动词过去分词，主语为第三人称单数用has，其他人称用have 。 （三）句型 1、肯定句：主语+have /has+动词过去分词+其他。 I have studied English for 5 years . 2、否定句：主语+have /has+not +动词过去分词+其他。 We haven’t been there . 3、一般疑问句：Have/Has+主语+动词过去分词+其他？ Has he eaten that apple ? 4、特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+ have /has +主语+动词过去分词+其他？ （四）用法 1、现在完成时可以用来表示发生在过去某一时刻的、持续到现在的情况,常与for, since连用。 e.g. Mary has been ill for three days. I have lived here since 1998. 2、现在完成时往往同表示不确定的过去时间状语连用, 如already, yet, just, before, recently, lately等： e.g. He has already obtained a scholarship. I haven’t seen much of him recently (lately). We have seen that film before. Have they found the missing child yet 3、现在完成时常常与表示频度的时间状语连用，如often, sometimes, ever, never, twice, on several occasion等： e.g. Have you ever been to Beijing? I have never heard Bunny say anything against her. I have used this pen only three times. It is still good. George has met that gentleman on several occasions. 4、现在完成时还往往可以同包括现在时间在内的时间状语连用，如now, up to these few days/weeks/months/years, this morning/week/month/year, now, just, today, up to present, so far等。 e.g. Peter has written six papers so far. Man has now learned to release energy from the nucleus of the atom. There has bee too much rain this year. The relations between us have been enhanced in the past few years. Up to the present everything has been successful. 5、现在完成时表示现在之前就已完成的动作, 虽然其效果或影响仍然存在但已不再继续, 但是有一些现在完成时的句子，在后面加上for+一段时间，则现在完成时的动作就表示延续性。 e.g. Thomas has studied Russian. (现在不再学俄语) Thomas has studied Russian for three years. (=Thomas began to study Russian three years ago, and is still studying it now.) 6、现在完成时还可以用来表示过去的一个时间到现在这段时间内重复发生的动作。 e.g. We have had four texts this semester. 现在完成时中的时间状语： ★already通常用于肯定句中，意为“已经”，位于行为动词之前, be动词、助动词之后。有时可放在疑问句句尾，表示惊讶。例如： We have already cleaned the classroom. Have you finished it already？ ★yet用于疑问句中表示“已经”；用于否定句中，表示“还(没)”。例如： —Has he found his watch yet？他还没找到他的表吗？ —No, not yet. 是, 还没有。 ★ever意为“曾经”，常用于疑问句或否定句中，位于助动词和过去分词之间，表示从过去到目前为止的时间。例如： Have you ever been there？你曾经去过那里吗？ Nothing has ever happened here. 这里未曾发生过什么事。 ★never意为“（曾经）从未、没有”, 是否定副词，在句中位于助动词和过去分词之间。ever与否定词not连用相当于never。例如： I haven’t ever spoken to her. = I have never spoken to her. 我从未跟她讲过话。 ★just意为“刚刚”, 用于现在完成时, 表示行为刚刚过去, 位于助动词与过去分词之间。 e.g. He has just come back from school.他刚从学校回来。 ★ just now意为“刚才”, 表示过去某时, 用于一般过去时, 位于句首或句尾均可。e.g. He came from school just now.他刚才从学校回来。 ★for 和since的用法及区别。for 与一段时间连用，since 与时间点连用。 注意：since 后接过去时的时间状语或过去时的句子。 e.g. I have been to Shanghai twice since 1970. I haven’t seen her since she left Shanghai. I saw Ping Ping six years ago. Since I havenever seen her. ★have/has gone to、have/has been to 和have/has been in的区别。 have/ has gone to 去了,在去某地的路上或在某地, 人还未回来 have/ has been to 曾经去过, 人已经回来了 have/ has been in 已经在, 常与一段时间连用 e.g. She has been to Shanghai before. 她以前曾去过上海。 She has been in Shanghai for ten years. 她在上海10年了。 Has he gone to Qingdao? 他去青岛了吗？但不能说 Have you gone to Qingdao? 现在完成时练习题 一、单项选择 1、Both his parents look sad . Maybe they _________what's happened to him . Ａ. knew Ｂ. have known Ｃ. must know Ｄ.will know 2、He has _______ been to Shanghai , has he ? Ａ. already Ｂ.never Ｃ.ever Ｄ. still 3、Have you met Mr Li ______？ Ａ. just Ｂ. ago Ｃ.before Ｄ. a moment ago 4、The famous writer _____ one new book in the past two year Ａ. is writing Ｂ.was writing Ｃ.wrote Ｄ.has written 5、-Our country ______ a lot so far . -Yes . I hope it will be even ______ . Ａ. has changed ; well Ｂ. changed ; good Ｃ. has changed ; better Ｄ. changed ; better 6、Zhao Lan ______already ______in this school for two years . Ａ. was ; studying Ｂ. will ; study Ｃ. has ; studied Ｄ. are ; studying 7、We ______ Xiao Li since she was a little girl . Ａ. know Ｂ. had known Ｃ. have known Ｄ. Knew 8、Harry Potter is a very nice film .I_______ it twice . Ａ. will see Ｂ. have seen Ｃ. saw Ｄ.see 9、-These farmers have been to the United States . -Really ? When _____ there ? Ａ. will they go Ｂ. did they go Ｃ. do they go Ｄ. have they gone 10、-______ you ___ your homework yet ? -Yes . I _____ it a moment ago . Ａ. Did ; do ; finished Ｂ. Have ; done ; finished Ｃ. Have ; done ; have finished Ｄ. will ; do ; finish 11、 His father ______ the Party since 1978 . Ａ. joined Ｂ. has joined Ｃ. was in Ｄ. has been in 12、-Do you know him well ? - Sure .We _________ friends since ten years ago . Ａ. were Ｂ. have been Ｃ. have become Ｄ. have made 13、-How long have you ____ here ? -About two months . Ａ. been Ｂ. gone Ｃ. come Ｄ. arrived 14、Hurry up! The play __________ for ten minutes . Ａ. has begun Ｂ. had begun Ｃ. has been onＤ. began 15、 It _____ ten years since he left the army . Ａ. is Ｂ. has Ｃ. will Ｄ. was 16、 Miss Green isn't in the office . she_______ to the library . Ａ.has gone Ｂ. went Ｃ.will go Ｄ. has been 17、My parents ______ Shandong for ten years . Ａ. have been in Ｂ. have been to Ｃ. have gone to Ｄ. have been 18、The students have cleaned the classroom, ? A. so they B. don't they C. have they D. haven't they 19、has Mr White been a member of Greener China since he to China? A. How soon, comes B. How often, got C. How long, came D. How far, arrived 20、 His uncle for more than 9 years. A. has come here B. has started to work C. has lived there D. has left the university 3、The old man _________ last year. He for a year. (die) （动词填空） 4、This factory opened twenty years ago.(同义句转换) This factory ________ for twenty years. 5、Miss Gao left an hour ago. (同义句转换) Miss Gao ________ _______ ________ ________ an hour ago. 6、Her mother has been a Party member for three years .（同义句） Her mother _______ the Party three years ________ . 7、The Green Family moved to France two years ago. (同义句转换) _______ two years ________ the Green family moved to Fra nce. 8、The bus has arrived here. It arrived ten minutes ago. (把两个句子合并成一个句子) ___________________________________________ 参考答案： 一、单项选择。 1、现在完成时主要强调过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响，或过去发生的动作还未结束，一直持续到现在或将来，重点在于对现在的影响。这种考查难度较大，往往无时间状语，需要从上下文分析、推理才行。故上两侧根据上下文分析、推理，正确答案是Ｂ。 2、现在完成时常与already（已经），just（刚刚，正好），ever（曾经），never（从来，也不；从不），before（以前），yet（仍然）等连用。故2应选B。 3、C 4、现在完成时常与recently（近来），so far（到目前为止），in the past/"last + 一段时间"等时间状语连用。因为上述短语表示的是从现在起往前推算的一段时间，句中的动作是从过去某一时间或时刻开始持续到现在的。故4应选D。 5、C 6、现在完成时时常与"for +时间段或since +过去时间点"连用（含从句，从句过去时）。故6应选C。 7、C 8、现在完成时还与once（一次），twice（两次），three times（三次），several times（几次）等表示重复次数的词语连用。故8应选B。 9、现在完成时与一般过去时容易混淆，就是因为它们所表示的动作都发生在过去，但二者又有区别：一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的事、存在的状态或经常发生的动作，说话的侧重点在于陈述一件过去的事情，与现在没有关系；现在完成时表示与现在有关系的发生在过去的动作，它不与表示过去的时间状语（如yesterday , last week , a moment ago等）连用。故9的正确答案为B。 10、B 11、现在完成时中，非延续性动词不能与for和since引导的表示一段时间的状语连用，通常是用相应的延续性动词来代替。故11的正确答案依次为：D。 12、B 13、A 14、C 15、A。 16、"have/has gone to + 地点"表示"某人去了某地（还未回来）"，指主语所指的人不在这儿。"have/has been in + 地点"表示"在某地呆了多长时间"，常与表示时间的状语连用。"have/has been to +地点"表示"曾经去过某地（但现在已不在那儿）。"故16的正确答案为A。 17、A 18、D 19、C 20、C 二、句型转换。 1、has he? 2、How long 3、died, has been dead 4、has been open 5、has been away 6、joined；ago 7、It is, since 8、The bus has been here for ten minutes. 八、过去完成时 （一）过去完成时的概念 过去完成时表示过去某一时间或某一事件之前已经发生的动作或状态，即过去的过去。图示如下： ----|-------------------------- |---------------------------|-----------------------> 过去完成 过去 现在 将来 （二）构成 1、肯定句：主语+had＋过去分词 When we got there, the football match had already started. 2、否定句：主语+had not+过去分词 He hadn’t worked for two years by then. 3、疑问句：had+主语+过去分词…？ Had he finished the work by last month? （三）用法 1、过去完成时表示过去某一时刻或者某一动作之前完成的动作或状态; 句中常用by, before, until, when等词引导的时间状语。 e.g. By the time she got up, her brother had already gone into the bathroom. 2、过去完成时的动词还可以表示过去某一时刻之前发生的动作或者状态持续到过去某个时间或者持续下去。例如： Before he slept, he had worked for 12 hours. 3、在told, said, knew, heard, thought等动词后的宾语从句。例如： She said (that) she had never been to Paris. 4、在过去不同时间发生的两个动作中，发生在先，用过去完成时；发生在后，用一般过去时。例如： When the police arrived, the thieves had run away. 5、by the time “直到……时候”。指从过去某一点到从句所示的时间为止的一段时间。如： By the time we got to his house, he had finished supper. 6、表示意向的动词, 如hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose等, 用过去完成时表示 “原本…，未能…”。例如： We had hoped that you would come, but you didn't. 过去完成时练习题 1. 单项选择 1．He asked me _____ during the summer holidays. A. where I had been B. where I had gone C. where had I been D. where had I gone 2. What ____ Jane ____ by the time he was sever? A. did, do B. has, done C did, did. D. had, done 3. I ______ 900 English words by the time I was ten。 A. learned B. was learning C. had learned D. learnt 4. She ______lived here for ______ years. A. had, a few B. has, several C. had, a lot of D. has, a great deal of 5. By the time my parents reached home yesterday, I _____ the dinner already. A．had cooked B. cooked C. have cooked D. was cooked 6. She said she __________ the principle already A .has seen B. saw C. will see D. had seen 7. She said her family _______ themselves ______ the army during the war. A. has hidden, from B. had hidden, from C. has hidden, with D. had hidden, with 8. By the time he was ten years old, he _________. A. has completed university B. has completed the university B. had completed an university D. had completed university 9. She had written a number of books ______ the end of last year. A. for B. in C. by D. at 10. He _____ to play ____ before he was 11 years old. A had learned, piano B. had learned, the piano C. has learned, the piano D. learns ,piano. 11. What _______ Annie ____ by the time he was ten? A. did, do B. did, did C. has, done D. had done 12 .He ___ in the factory for three years before he joined the Army. A. has worked B. works C. had worked D. will work 13. By the end of last week, they ____ the bridge. A. has completed B. completed C. will complete D. had completed 14. Ben hates playing _____ violin, but he likes playing ____ football. A. a…the B. the… the C. / …the D. the…/ 15. By the time he was 4, he ______ a lot of German words. A. had learned B. has learned C. learned D. learns 16 .Jim turned off the lights and then _____ the classroom. A. was left B. had left C. has left D. left 17.They _________ in Guangzhou since 2000. A. lived B. had lived C. have lived D. were living 18. The train from Beijing_______ ten minutes ago. A. has arrived B. was arriving C. arrived D. had arrived 19. The students _________ their classroom when the visitors arrived. A . have cleaned B. had cleaned C. was cleaned D. have been cleaned 20. Fergie_______ the project in one hour. A. have finished B. will finish C. finishes D. has finished 21. The man ________ his coat and went out. A. put on B. had put on C. will put on D. was putting on 22 My mother______ in that factory at the age of 18. A. had worked B. has worked C. worked D. works 23. Dad ________ while he _______ TV. A .fell asleep…watch B. was falling asleep…watched C. fell asleep……was watching D. had fallen asleep…watched 2.用动词的适当形式填空 1. We _____________ (paint) the house before we ______________ (move) in. 2. That rich old man _____________ (make) a will before he _____________ (die). 3. They _____________ (study) the map of the country before they ________ (leave). 4. The robbers _____________ (run away ) before the policemen _______ (arrive). 5. I __________ (turn off) all the lights before I ____________ (go) to bed. 6. Paul __________ (go) out with Jane after he __________ (make) a phone call. 7. Tom __________ (say) he ___________ (read) the book twice. 8. Our plan ____________ (fail ) because we _____________ (make) a bad mistake. 9. When the chairman ______________ (finish) speaking, he _____________ (leave)the hall. 10.The Reads __ ______ (have) lunch when I ________________(get) to their house. 11.When I ______________(arrive) at the station, he ____________________(leave). 12..We _______________(learn) about 4000 English words by the end of last term. 13. I waited until he _______________(finish) his homework. 14. We were surprised at what she ________already ______(do) 15.She ____________(not go) to Qingdao because she ________________ (go) there before. 16. He ______________(not tell) you the news yet. 17. He said he _____________already_________(give) the book to the teacher. 18. I ______________(be) to Shanghai before. 19. She told me she _________________(be) to Sanya three times. 20.She _____________(play) the guitar while her sister_______________(sing). The passive voice 一、语态 英语中动词有主动语态和被动语态两种语态. 主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者,被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者,在被动语态中动作 的执行者有时用by短语表示出来. 二、被动语态的构成 助动词be+及物动词的过去分词 一般现在时：am/is/ are +动词的过去分词 The house is cleaned every day. 一般过去时：was/were +动词的过去分词 He was tought a lesson yesterday. 三、被动语态的用法 1. 不知动作执行者时,常用被动语态. eg. My bike was stolen yesterday. This car is made in American. 2. 不必要说出动作执行者时,常用被动语态。 eg. Rome was not built in a day. 3. 为了突出强调动作的承受者时,常用被动语态. eg. Thousands of beaches are polluted . 四、主动语态变为被动语态的步骤: They speak English.
English is spoken by them. 主语 谓语动词的过去分词 宾语 (1)主动语态的宾语变成被动语态的主语。 (2)主动语态的谓语动词变为被动语态的谓语动词，即”“be+及物动词的过去分词”(be有时态、人称和数的变化)。 (3)主动语态的主语变为by的宾语。 Bell invented the telephone in 1876 . The telephone was invented by Bell in 1876 . 五、被动语态的时态表示 被动语态的时态一般只通过be表现, 过去分词不变。例如： 一般现在时: The trees are planted by the farmers. 一般过去时: The trees were planted by the farmers. 现在进行时: The trees are being planted by the farmers. 一般将来时：The trees will be planted by the farmers. 现在完成时：The trees have been planted by the farmers. 含情态动词的被动语态：The trees can(must,should) be planted by the farmers. 六、被动语态的几种句型： 肯定句 主语+be+过去分词+(by…) A sweet song was sung by her on the stage. 否定句 主语+be+not+过去分词+(by…) A sweet song wasn’t sung by her on the stage. 一般疑问句 Be+主语+过去分词+(by…) Was a sweet song sung by her on the stage? 特殊疑问句 疑问词+be+主语+过去分词+(by…) Where was a sweet song sung by her? 请把下列主动句变为被动句: They produced that kind of car. That kind of car was produced by them. The workers built a bridge over the river. A bridge was built by the workers over the river. Mother tells me a story every day. I am told a story by mother every day. 练习: 请把下列主动句变为被动句 1. The woman asked the policeman for help. 2. The old man on TV tells a story on Sunday. 3. Do they use the box as a table? 4. She sent me a collection last week. 5. The teacher doesn’t teach us math this term. 6. Did Lily buy her sister a hat? 7. We often hear him play the violin at home. 8. The lazy boy didn’t wash clothes yesterday. 9. Students listen to the kind teacher carefully. 10.When did your father took you to the park. The attributive clauses 一、含义：在复合句中修饰名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。
先行词 关系词 定语从句
I have an apple that is red.
修饰先行词 an apple
I like singers who write their own music.
修饰先行词 singers
当关系代词在从句中作宾语时,关系代词可以省略。 He is the man who I met yesterday. I prefer noodles that is really delicious . Harry Potter is a boy who fights with the monster. 二、用法：who/that 在从句中可担任主语或宾语. 1. I love singers who (主语) write their own songs. 2. He is the man who (宾语) I met yesterday. 3. I like music that (宾语) I can dance to. 4. I prefer a sandwich that（主语） is really delicious. Who/that 在定语从句中作主语时,谓语动词的单复数与先行词保持一致。 e. g. I prefer shoes that are cool. I have a friend who plays sports. 用“who”或“that”填空。 1.Do you know the woman _____ is wearing a blue dress? 2.The man ______ is talking with my teacher is my father . 3. That book is the one _____ I bought yesterday . 4. He is one of the workers ______ is saved in that accident . 5. They talked of the things and persons ______ they remembered in the factory . 6. All ______ can be done must be done . 语法重点：宾语从句 一、概念 由一个句子充当宾语，我们称之为宾语从句。 e.g. I know the answer.(名词做宾语) I know that Tom gets the answer.(句子做宾语, 叫做宾语从句） 二、宾语从句的连接词 由陈述句变化而来用that引导, that可省略；由一般疑问句变化而来, 用if或whether引导；由特殊疑问句变化而来, 用该特殊疑问词引导。
He said that he liked playing basketball.
He asked me if I liked playing basketball.
He asked me where I played basketball. 三、宾语从句的语序 永远都是陈述句语序 e.g. He asked me who was the boy. ( ) He asked me who the boy was. ( √ ) 四、宾语从句的时态变化 主句是一般现在时,从句可以用任何时态. 主句是一般过去时,从句必须是过去时态的一种： 一般现在时 一般过去时 一般过去时 过去完成时 现在进行时 过去进行时 一般将来时 过去将来时 现在完成时 过去完成时 五、宾语从句的人称变化 人称代词要随合理的逻辑而自然变化. 六、由who, what, how, which, whose, where, when, why等引导的宾语从句，特殊疑问词作为引导词，没有疑问的作用，但本身的意思不变。要注意时态的一致和陈述语序。 e.g. The reporter will tell us what he saw and heard in Japan. Do you know where the Great Pyramid is? 在初中阶段，我们重点练习where引导的宾从句。Where后面的从句一定要用陈述语序。 e. g. Do you know where I can get a dictionary? Can you please tell me where I can get some magazines? Ⅰ.合并句子 1. I don’t know. Where is the post office? I don’t know where the post office is. 2. Can you tell me? Why was Susan late yesterday? Can you tell me why Susan was late yesterday? 3. I want to know.Are there good movies? I want to know if there are good movies. 4. Could you tell me? When did he start playing football? Could you tell me when he started playing football. Ⅱ. 把以下句子翻译成英语。 1.你能告诉我哪里可以找到一本字典？ Can you tell me where I can get a dictionary? 2.你能告诉我怎么到那里么？ Could you please tell me how to get there? 3.一直向前走。 Go straight ahead. 4.你知道我在哪里可以买到洗发水吗？ Do you know where I can buy shampoo? 5.药店在家具店和书店的中间。 The drug store is between the furniture store and the bookstore. 6.你能告诉我怎么到邮局吗？ Could you tell me how to get to the post office ? 7.坐扶梯到二楼然后右拐。 Take the escalator to the second floor and turn right. 8.你知道我在哪里可以存钱吗？ Do you know where I can save money? 9.银行在你的右边。 The bank is on your right. 人称代词、物主代词、反身代词
语法重点: 虚拟语气 语气是动词的一种形式，表示说话人对发生的动作或所处的状态持有的态度或看法。 英语中有三种语气陈述语气、祈使语气和虚拟语气。 虚拟语气表示所说的话只是一种主观愿望和假想虚拟的情况或与事实相反的假设。在初中阶段，我们主要掌握它在非真实条件从句中的应用。 虚拟语气的句式结构如下图：
e.g. If I were in the lion’s cage, I’d call for help. If I had a million pounds, I’d give it to charities. If they had left earlier,we wouldn’t have missed the airplane. If it should rain tomorrow, what would you do? Ⅰ. Complete the sentences. 1.A: What are you doing this evening? B: I’m not sure. If there__isn’t _(not be) anything good on TV, I think I __will read__ (read) a detective story. Or maybe I__will go (go) to bed early. 2.A: What time will Kate be home? B: If I __knew_(know) I _would tell_(tell) you. But unfortunately, she didn’t say anything about it. 3. A: I’m so stressed out. B: If I_were_(be) you, I would take_(take) some time off. 4. A: Oh no! When will the flight take off? B: We don’t have any idea yet.If it_stops_ (stop) snowing this evening, then your flight__will depart_ (depart) some time tonight.It’s too early to tell. I will let_(let) you know if I_hear_(hear) any news. Ⅱ. Choose the right answer. ( A ) 1. If my father ___ here now, he ___ tell me what to do. A . were, would B. were, will C. is, will ( A ) 2. There are _____ birds here. A. millions of B. five millions C. five millions of ( C ) 3. I would rather write than ______. A. speaking B. to speak C. speak ( C )4. Are you afraid _____ in public. A. of speak B. speaking C. to speak ( B )5. There is ______ rain in the south. A. many B. plenty of C. quite a few 一. can和could的区别和用法 1. can表示体力和脑力方面的能力, 或根据客观条件能做某种动作的“能力”。 e.g. Can you speak English？ Can you make a cake？ can用在否定句和疑问句中时有时表示说话人的 “猜测”或 “不肯定”。 e.g. Can the news be true？(在日常会话中, can可代替may表示“允许”, may比较正式) 2. could 是 can的过去式, 表示过去有过的能力和可能性, 还有怀疑和不肯定的意思(在否定和疑问句中)。 e. g. She couldn’t skate when she was five years old. （能力） At that time we thought the story could be true． （可能性） could用来提问, 是有礼貌的请求. Could..., please? 语气较为婉转。 e. g. Could I speak to Mr. Smith, please? 二. may和might的区别和用法: 1. may的用法: 表示“允许”或“请求”。 e. g. May I come in？ 在使用这一用法时需注意: may表示“允许”的,否定形式是must not, 意思是“不应该” “不许可”。e. g. —May I take this book out of the reading-room？ —No, you mustn’t． 表示说话人的猜测，认为某一事情“或许”或“可能”发生。 e. g. He may know the answer． may用在感叹句中可表示祝愿或愿望。 e. g. May you succeed．(祝你成功。) May you have a pleasant journey．(一路平安。) 2. might的用法: might可以代替may, 表示现在时间的动作，但语气较为婉转客气或更加不肯定。 e. g. Might I take a suggestion？ might用来表示现在时间时, 还可表示“规劝”。 e. g. You might pay more attention to spoken English． 三. must与have to的区别 have to比较强调客观需要, must着重说明主观看法。另外have to能用于更多时态, 比较下面的句子： We had to be there at 10:00. We must be there at 10:00. 有时两者都可以用, 意思差别不大。 e. g. We must/have to leave now. must在表示说话人对事物的推测时注意它比may肯定得多, 相当于汉语的“一定”或“准是”。(只有在肯定句中能这样用。) e.g. This must be your room． 在回答由must引起的问题时, 如果是否定的答复，不能用mustn’t, 而需要用needn’t或don’t have to, 因为mustn’t是“一定不要”的意思。 各种预测按照推测的可能性来区别, must的可能性最大, may次之。could和might不表示过去时态, 只是表示推测的可能性比较小。
He may go back in the fall. He thinks it could / might be wise to try his luck there. 2. 情态动词表示推测的几种形式：“情态动词+动词原形”表示对现在情况的 推测。例如： This book must be Tom’s. He is looking for it. 这本书一定是汤姆的。他正在找这本书。 “情态动词+be +v-ing形式”表示对现在正在进行的情况进行推测。例如： At this moment, our teacher may be correcting our exam papers. 此刻，我们老师可能正在批改试卷。 “情态动词+have+动词的过去分词”表示对过去情况的推测。例如： The road is wet. It must have rained last night. must表示推测时只用于肯定句，表示 很有把握的推测，意为“一定”。例如： Our teacher must be in the office because the light is on. 我们的老师一定在办公室,因为灯还亮着。 2. 表示否定推测常用can’t，意为“不可能”。 e.g. He can’t be at home because he has gone to Beijing. 他不可能在家，因为他去了北京。 Ⅰ. Choose the best answer 1. I didn’t hear the phone. I _B__ a sleep. A. must be B. must have been C. should be D. should have been 2. Mary __C__ be in Paris. I saw her in town only a few minutes ago. A. mustn’t B. shouldn’t C. can’t D. may not 3. Peter _B___ come with us tonight, but he isn’t very sure yet. A. must B. may C. can D. will 4. I thought you _B___ like something to read, so I have brought you some books. A. may B. might C. could D. must |
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