初中英语的8种时态总结？

Ⅰ、 一般现在时

1、概念：1）表示经常性或习惯性的动作，常与表示频度的时间状语连用。

时间状语：always, usually, often, sometimes, seldom, never, every day, twice a week, on Sunday, etc.（提问用How often）

例：I leave home for school at 7 every morning.

2） 客观真理，客观存在，科学事实。

例：The earth moves around the sun. 地球绕太阳转动。

Shanghai lies in the east of China. 上海位于中国东部。

3） 格言或警句。例：Pride goes before a fall. 骄者必败。

注意：宾语从句中，即使主句是过去时，从句谓语是客观真理也要用一般现在时。

例：Columbus proved that the earth is round. 哥伦布证实了地球是圆的。

2、结构：表状态 S+ am/is/are+ P （句中有实义动词不用be）

表动作 S+V原+O （若主语是单三人称，谓动加s/es。）

3、句式变化：

变疑问，有be把be提到主语前；无be在主语前加do/does，谓动变为原形。

变否定，有be在be后加“not”；无be在主语后加don’t/doesn’t，谓动变为原形。

例： ① They are in the classroom. →Are they in the classroom? Yes, they are./

No, they aren’t. →They aren’t in the classroom

② He often waters the flowers . → Does he often water the flowers?

Yes, he does. / No, he doesn’t. →He doesn’t often water the flowers

Ⅱ、 一般过去时

1、 概念：1）表示在确定的过去时间里所发生的动作或存在的状态。

常用时间状语：yesterday, the day before yesterday, last week, just now, an hour ago, the other day, in 1982. at the age of 5, one day, long long ago, etc.

例：Where did you go just now?

2）表示在过去一段时间内，经常性或习惯性的动作。

例：When I was a child, I often played football in the street.

2、结构：表状态 S+ was/were+ P

表动作 S+V过去式+O （注：句中有实义动词不用be）

3、句式变化：

变疑问，有be把be提到主语前；无be在主语前加did，谓动变为原形。

变否定，有be在be后直接加“not”；无be在主语后加didn’t，谓动变为原形.

例：① She was in Xi’an last month. → Was she in Xi’an last month? Yes, she was. /

No, she wasn’t. →She wasn’t in Xi’an last month.

② Danny grew a rose just now, → Did Danny grow a rose just now?

Yes, he did. / No, he didn’t. →Danny didn’t grow a rose just now,

Ⅲ、 现在进行时：

1. 概念：表示现阶段或说话时正在进行的动作。

时间状语：now, at this time, these days,以及有look, listen时。

例：Listen！The birds are singing.

2、结构：S + am/is/are + doing

助动 现在分词

3、句式变化：

变疑问，把am/is/are提到主语前； 变否定，在am/is/are后直接加“not”。

例：① I am writing a letter now. → Are you writing a letter now? Yes, I am. /

No, I’m not. →I am not writing a letter now. (注：am和not不能缩写。)

② The boys are playing football. → Are the boys playing football?

Yes, they are. / No, they aren’t. →The boys aren’t playing football.

Ⅳ、 过去进行时：

1. 概念：表示过去某段时间或某一时刻正在发生或进行的动作。

.时间状语：at this time yesterday, at that time，at 8:00 yesterday,或有when / while引导的时间状语从句等。

例：We were having an English class at 9:30 yesterday morning.

I was reading a book while my mother was watching TV.

2、结构：S + was/were + doing

3、句式变化：

变疑问，把was/were提到主语前； 变否定，在was/were后直接加“not”。例：①At that time they were working in the garden. → Were they working in

the garden at that time? Yes, they were. / No, they weren’t.

→At that time they were working in the garden.

② When he came in, I was reading a newspaper. →When he came in, were you reading a newspaper? Yes, I was. / No, I wasn’t.

→When he came in, I wasn’t reading a newspaper.

Ⅴ、一般将来时

1. 概念：表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态。

时间词:tomorrow, tomorrow morning, at seven o'clock tomorrow evening, next year, this year, at the end of this term, from now，in ten minutes, in 2025

例：They will do an experiment tomorrow afternoon.

Brian is going to draw twenty pictures at the end of this term.

2、 结构：S +will+ V原+其他

(will 可改为be going to ,当主语是第一人称时will可用shall)

例：Which paragraph shall I read first？ 我先读哪一段呢？

Will you/(Are you going to）be at home at seven this evening?

3、 句式变化：

变疑问，把will提到主语前； 变否定，在will后直接加“not”。

例; She will drive to Beijing next week. → Will she drive to Beijing next week? Yes, she will. / No, she won’t. →She won’t drive to Beijing next week.

★ be going to + V原

表示a. 主语的意图，即将做某事。例：What are you going to do tomorrow?

b. 计划，安排要发生的事。例：The play is going to be produced next month。

c. 有迹象要发生的事。例：Look at the dark clouds, there is going to be a storm.

★ be +不定式：表示将来，按计划或正式安排将发生的事。例：

We are to discuss the report next Saturday. 我们下星期六将讨论这份报告。

★ be about to + V原：意为马上要做某事。

例：He is about to leave for Beijing. 他马上要去北京。

注：be about to do 不能与tomorrow, next week 等表示明确的将来时间状语连用。

★ 一般现在时表将来

1）下列动词come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return的一般现在时可以表示将来，主要用来表示在时间上已确定或安排好的事情。例如：

The train leaves at six tomorrow morning. 火车明天上午六点开。

When does the bus star? It stars in ten minutes. 汽车什么时候开？十分钟后。

2）以here, there等开始的倒装句，表示动作正在进行。例如：

Here comes the bus. = The bus is coming. 车来了。

There goes the bell. = The bell is ringing. 铃响了。

★ 用现在进行时表示将来

come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return等终止性动词可用现在进行时表示将来。

例：I'm leaving tomorrow. 明天我要走了。

Are you staying here till next week? 你会在这儿呆到下周吗？

Ⅵ、过去将来时

1.概念：表示站在过去看将要发出的动作或者存在的状态。因时间的参照点是过去的某一时间，常用于宾语从句中,或根据上下文语境确定。

2.结构：S +would+ V原+其他

S +was/were going to + V原

例：He said that he would have an exam next Friday.

Jenny asked who was going to give them a report.

I knew that he wouldn’t move to Japan with his parents next year.

Ⅶ、 现在完成时：

1. 表示：①过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。时间词：ever, never, already, yet, before, just, recently/ lately(最近)， in the past few years

2. ②或从过去已经开始持续到现在的动作或状态。 时间词：for + 时间段，since +过去时间点/从句。（提问用How long）

例：The countryside has changed a lot in the past few years.

He has learned French for two years.

2.结构：S + have/has + done

助动 过去分词

3. 句式变化：

变疑问，把have/has提到主语前； 变否定，在have/has后直接加“not”。

例：① I've already written an article. → Have you written an article yet? Yes, I have. / No, I haven’t. →I haven’t written an article yet.

② Li Ming has lived in Shijiazhuang since 1993.

→ Has Li Ming lived in Shijiazhuang since 1993? Yes, he has. / No, he hasn’t.

→Li Ming hasn’t lived in Shijiazhuang since 1993.

★ 比较一般过去时与现在完成时

1）一般过去时表示过去某具体时间发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情，强调动作；现在完成时则强调过去发生的动作对现在的造成影响，强调的是结果。

2）一般过去时常与具体的时间状语连用，而现在完成时通常与模糊的时间状语连用，或无时间状语。

例：I saw this film yesterday. （强调看的动作发生过了）

I have seen this film. （强调对现在的影响，电影的内容已经知道了）

Why did you get up so early? （强调起床的动作已发生过了）

Who hasn't handed in his paper? （强调有卷子未交，指结果）

He joined the League three years ago. （强调加入这一动作）

He has been a League member for three years. （是团员的状态可持续）

句子中如有过去时的时间副词（如yesterday, last, week, in 1960）时，不能使用现在完成时，要用过去时。

（错）Tom has written a letter to his parents last night.

（对）Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night.

Ⅷ、 过去完成时：

1.概念：以过去某个时间为标准，在此之前发生的动作或行为；或过去某个时间前一个持续发生的动作，即“过去的过去”。 句中必须有过去的某一时间做参照点，常用于在told, said, knew, heard, thought等动词后的宾语从句中；before, after, by the time, until , when, once, as soon as等引导的时间状语从句中；或根据上下文语境确定。

----|------------|-----------|---->

过去以前 过去 现在

例：She said （that）she had never been to Paris.

By the time he was twelve, Edison had began to make a living by himself.

When the police arrived, the thieves had run away.

2.结构：S + had + done

3.句式变化：

变疑问，把had提到主语前； 变否定，在had后直接加“not”。

例：He had finished his homework before he went to play outside.

→Had he finished his homework before he went to play outside.

Yes, he had. / No, he hadn’t.

→He hadn’t finished his homework before he went to play outside.

注意：1. had hardly… when 还没等…… 就……。例如：

I had hardly opened the door when he hit me. 我刚打开门，他就打了我。

2.had no sooner…than 刚…… 就……。例如：

He had no sooner bought the car than he sold it.

他刚买了这辆车，转眼又卖了。

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夢泽 2010-02-17

1.现在完成时：

去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成影响或后果

过去某一时间开始并一直持续到现在的动作或状态

基本结构：主语+have/has+过去分词(done)

①肯定句：主语+have/has+过去分词+其他

②否定句：主语+have/has+not+过去分词+其他

③一般疑问句：Have/Has+主语+过去分词+其他

④特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+一般疑问句（have/has+主语+过去分词+其他）

（1）现在完成时用来表示现在之前已发生过或完成的动作或状态,但其结果却和现在有联系,也就是说,动作或状态发生在过去但它的影响现在还存在.

I have spent all of my money.(含义是:现在我没有钱花了.)

Jane has laid the table.(含义是:现在桌子已经摆好了.)

Michael has been ill.(含义是:现在仍然很虚弱)

He has returned from abroad. (含义是:现在已在此地)

（2）现在完成时可以用来表示发生在过去某一时刻的,持续到现在的情况,常与for（+时间段）,since（+时间点）连用.

Mary has been ill for three days.

I have lived here since 1998.

注（超重要）：瞬间动词（buy,die,join,lose……）不能直接与for since 连用。要改变动词

come-be

go out-be out

finish-be over

open-be open

die-be dead

………………

1.have代替buy

My brother has had(不能用has bought) this bike for almost four years.

2、用keep或have代替borrow

I have kept(不能用have borrowed) the book for quite a few days.

3、用be替代become

How long has your sister been a teacher?

4、用have a cold代替catch a cold

Tom has had a cold since the day before yesterday.

5、用wear代替put on

b)用“be＋形容词”代终止性动词

1、be＋married代marry 2、be＋ill代fall (get) ill

3、be＋dead代die 4、be＋asleep代fall (get) asleep

5、be＋awake代wake/wake up 6、be＋gone代lose,die,sell,leave

7、be＋open代open 8、be closed代close/shut

9、be＋missing(gone,lost)代lose

c)用“be＋副词”代终止性动词

1“be＋on”代start,begin

2“be＋up”代get up

3“be＋back(to)”代return to,come back to,go back to

4“be here (there)”代come(arrive,reach,get) here或go (arrive,reach,get) there等等

d)用“be＋介词短语”代终止性动词

1.“be in/at +地点”代替go to /come to

2.用be in the army 代替join the army

3.“be in/at +地点”代替move to

常用瞬间动词变延续性动词表：

1. have arrived at/in sw. got to/reached sw. come/gone/moved to sw.

→have been in sw./at…相应的介词

3. have come/gone out →have been out

4. have become → have been

5. have closed / opened→ have been close/open

6. have got up → have been up；

7. have died → have been dead；

8. have left sw. → have been away from sw.

9. have fallen asleep/got to sleep → have been asleep；

10. have finished/ended/completed → have been over；

11. havemarried → have been married；

12. have started/begun to do sth. → have done sth. ；

13. have begun → have been on

14. have borrowed/bought →have kept/had

15. have lost → haven’t had

16. have put on →have worn

17. have caught /get a cold → have had a cold；

18. have got to know → have known

19. have/has gone to → have been in

20. have joined/have taken part in the league/the Party/the army

→have been a member of/ have been in/have been the Party’s member/the league member/the soldier…

注意： 1.现在完成时不能单独与准确时间连用，(如表示过去的时间状语）

如yesterday(morning、afternoon),last(morning、afternoon)等，除非与for,since连用.

2.现在完成时往往同表示不确定的过去时间状语连用

,如already（肯定）, yet（否定，疑问）, just, before, recently,still, lately等:

He has already obtained a scholarship.

I haven't seen much of him recently (lately).

We have seen that film before.

Have they found the missing child yet ?

3. 现在完成时常常与表示频度的时间状语连用,

如often, sometimes, ever, never, twice, on several occasion等:

Have you ever been to Beijing

I have never heard Bunny say anything against her.

I have used this pen only three times. It is still good.

George has met that gentleman on several occasions.

4. 现在完成时还往往可以同包括现在时间在内的时间状语连用,

如now, up to these few days/weeks/months/years, this morning/week/month/year, just, today, up to present, so far等:

Peter has written six papers so far.

Man has now learned to release energy from the nucleus of the atom.

There has been too much rain in San Francisco this year.

The friendly relations and cooperation between our two countries have been enhanced in the past few years.

Up to the present everything has been successful.

5. 现在完成时还可以用来表示过去的一个时间到现在这段时间内重复发生的动作.

We have had four texts this semester.

6.现在完成时的"完成用法"

现在完成时的"完成用法"指的是动作发生在过去某一时刻并已结束，但该动作对现在产生了影响，与现在情况具有因果关系。

例如：He has turned off the light.他已把灯关了。(动作结束于过去，但说明的是现在的情况--灯现在不亮了。)

现在完成时"完成用法"的特点是动作不延续，因此，该时态只能与表示不定的过去时间状语(如：already，yet，before，recently等)、频度时间状语(如：never，ever，once等)、包括现在时刻在内的时间状语(如：this morning ／ month ／year...，today等)连用。

例如： Have you found your pen yet？你已找到你的钢笔了吗？

7.现在完成时的"未完成用法"

现在完成时的"未完成用法"指的是动作开始于过去某一时刻，一直延续到现在，或可能还要继续下去。

例如：He has lived here since 1978.自从1978年以来，他一直住在这儿。(动作起始于1978年，一直住到现在，可能还要继续住下去。)

I have been in the army for more than 5 years.我在部队已经呆了五年多了。(动作开始于5年前，一直延续至今，有可能还要继续下去。)

此种用法的句中常需一个表示一段时间的状语(由since或for引导)，或表示与现在时刻相连的时间状语(如：up to now，so far)等。

例如：I have heard nothing from him up to now.到目前为止我没有他的任何消息。

注意：(1)现在完成时的未完成用法只适用于延续性动词，不可用于终止性动词，即瞬间完成或延续时间很短的动词。如：come，go，arrive，leave，join，become，die等。

8.一段时间+has passed+since从句

9. 现在完成时常和短语 "up to now /till now", "so far" (意思是从过去某一确定的时间一直延续到现在.)

Up to/till now he's read many story books. 至今他已读过好多故事书。

I've been to New York three times so far. 至今我已到纽约去过三次。

10 has gone (to),has been (to), has been (in) 的区别

gone:去了没回

been to :去过

been in：呆了很久

11.不能与when连用一般过去时和现在完成时

（ 1 ）、一般过去时的谓语动词用过去式，而现在完成时的谓语基本构成是“助动词 have/ has + 过去分词”。

(2) 、一般过去时通常与表示过去的时间状语连用。如： yesterday, last week , two years ago ,just now ,in 2002 等；而现在完成时则常与 just ,already ,ever ,never 等副词和 these days ,this week ,since ......, for ...... 等表示一段时间的状语连用。

试比较以下几组句子，有什么区别：

① A:Have you seen the film ?

B:Did you see the film ?

分析：你看过这部电影吗？（ A ）句强调的是被问者对剧情是否了解；（ B ）句强调的是看这部电影的动作是否发生过，并不强调是否知道其内容。

② A:How has he done it ?

B:How did he do it ?

分析：他是怎么做的这件事？（ A ）句强调的是他做着件事的方式对现在产生了某种影响；（ B ）句单纯的询问做这件事的方式。

③ A:He has lived in Beijing for 8 years .

B:He lived in Beijing for 8 years .

分析：他在北京住了 8 年。（ A ）句讲的是到目前为止他在北京住了 8 年，可能还会继续在北京住下去。（ B ）句讲的是他在北京住过 8 年，现在已经不在北京了。

（2）现在完成时强调过去发生的动作对现在的影响和结果，而一般过去时与现在没有联系，只是说明某个动作发生的时间是在过去。

比：I have washed the car. 我洗过了车。（看上去很漂亮）

I washed the car a moment ago.　我刚才洗过车了。

She has watered the flowers.　她已经浇了花。（不需要再浇了）

She watered the flowers yesterday.　她昨天浇的花。

I have written the letter but I haven't posted it yet. 信我已经写好了，但还没有寄出。

I wrote the letter last week and I posted it three days ago.　我上周写的那封信，3天前寄出的。

（3）现在完成时表示的动作或状态延续到现在并可能延续下去，而一般过去时则单纯表示过去某段时间内的经历。

比：It has rained for five hours. 雨已经下了5个小时了。

It rained for five hours yesterday.　昨天下了5个小时的雨。

He has waited for her for two hours. 他等她已经两个小时了。

He waited for her two hours and then went home.　他等她等了两个小时，然后就回家了。

I have reviewed two lessons this morning.　今天上午我已经复习了两课。（说话时还在上午）

I reviewed two lessons this morning.　今天上午我复习了两课。（说话时已是下午或晚上）