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新目标英语七年级下册第九单元典型复习2

 紫曦唯幂1 2012-04-25

How was your weekend?语法讲解

  1. Simple past of regular verbs

 

在动词后加--ed

在以e 结尾的动词后加--ed

以辅音字母加y结尾的动词,变y 为i 加--ed

以重读闭音节或r音节结尾而末尾只有一个辅音字母时,双写这个辅音字母加--ed

在清辅音后读/t/

worked
helped

liked
hoped

 

stopped
mapped

在元音和浊辅音后读/d/

called
stayed

lived
changed

trieds
tudied

planned
nodded
referred

在辅音/t//d/后读/id/

wanted
needed

  

 

admitted
omitted

  2.一般过去时常表示过去某一时间所发生的动作或存在的状态。它常和表示过去的时间状语连用,如 last week, a minute ago, yesterday, last month, in 1900等。

  They got married last year.

  They had a baby last month.

  I cleaned my room over the weekend.

  She went to the beach the day before yesterday.

  3. 一般过去时的构成

肯定式

疑问式

否定式

疑问否定式

I worked

Did I work?

I did not work

Did I not work?

He (She, It ) worked

Did he (she, it ) work?

He (She, It) did not work

Did he (she, it) not work?

We worked

Did we work?

We did not work

Did we not work?

You worked

Did you work?

You did not work

Did you not work?

They worked

Did they work?

They did not work

Did they not work?

  二.专项练习

   写出下列动词的过去式。

  1.is________ 2.do____________ 3.go_________

  4.play______ 5.clean__________ 6.visit________

  7.study_____ 8.read___________ 9.have________

  10.cook_____ 11.see___________ 12.write_______

  13.look_____ 14.watch_________ 15.listen_______

   将下列句子翻译成英语。

  1.周末期间我去看电影了。

  2.上周六同学们去看电影了。

  3.周末期间你母亲干什么了?她去威海了。

  4.昨天晚上你看电视了吗?,我没有.我做作业了。

  5.上周三晚上李红没有举行晚会。

   用所给动词的适当形式填空.


  Maria______(be) very busy yesterday. She _____(get) up at five o’clock in the morning. She ________(wash) her face quickly and______(have) some milk and eggs for breakfast. What a funny day it was! She______(go) to school on foot. She had four classes in the morning. After lunch, she had a little rest. She _______(work) hard at school. When she ________(reach) home, she helped her mother with the housework. She ________(watch) TV after supper. Then she _______(do) her homework at half past ten. She went to bed at ten. How busy a day she had!

典型例题 

例 1  His mother watched him ________ his meal.

A.to eat     B.eat        C.eats        D.ate

分析:答案为B。感官动词watch后跟不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语。

例 2  We enjoy ________ to music.

A.listening  B.to listen  C.listen      D.listens

分析:答案为A。enjoy后面接动词-ing形式,enjoy doing sth.“喜欢干某事,享受干某事的乐趣”。</PGN0192.TXT/PGN>

例 3  How much did you spend ________ this coat?

A.for        B.in         C.on          D.at

分析:答案为C。spend…on+名词,在某事上花费(时间、金钱)。spend…in+v.-ing干某事花费(时间、金钱)。

例 4  He ________ the pen two days ago.

A.buy                      B.buyed

C.bought                   D.to buy

分析:答案为C。此句中有明显的过去时的时间状语two days ago(两天前),因此只能用一般过去时,故用动词的过去式。

例 5  Tomorrow is Sunday. What about ________?

A.go shopping              B.going shopping

C.go shoping               D.go shop

分析:答案为B。本题中What about…?这一句型是用来提建议,或征询对方的意见。其中about是介词,后接v.-ing, B、C可以考虑,但go shopping词组中shop的-ing形式应双写p为shop

ping, 故选B。

例 6  What ________ he ________ yesterday?

A.does, do                 B.do, do

C.did, do                  D.did, did

分析:答案为C。本题有明显的表示过去的时间状语yesterday,所以用一般过去时,疑问句中,前面用了助动词did,后面动词用原形。

例 7  My brother was born ________ the morning of June20, 1990.

A.in         B.for        C.on          D.at

分析:答案为C。如果单独表示“在早上”介词用in,而本题说某一天的早上,则用介词on。

例 8  Everything ________ to grow ________ spring.

A.begin, at                B.begins, in

C.begin, in                D.begins, in the</PGN0193.TXT/PGN>

分析:答案为B。everything是不定代词,作主语时,谓语动词要用单数第三人称,“四季”前通常不用冠词,而in the spring常表示“在今年春天”。例句讲解

 

1.What did you do last weekend? 上个周末你做了什么?

这是一般过去时的特殊疑问句。结构是:特殊疑问词+did+主语+动词原形+其他成分。如:

Where did you work last year? 你去年在哪儿工作?

2.I played tennis. 我打网球了。

(1)play打,玩,弹。如:

Let's play tennis. 我们打网球吧。

句中表示“玩,打各种球类”,“球类”名词前不加任何冠词。

当表示“弹,演奏”各种乐器时,表示乐器的名词之前要加“the”。如:

He is playing the piano. 他正在弹钢琴。

(2)played是play的过去式,规则动词的过去式一般直接加ed。如:clean-cleaned;visit-visited,但不规则动词变过去式则只能靠记了,如本课出现的do-did;go-went。

3.For most kids, the weekend was fun. 绝大多数的孩子的周末都过得很快乐。

was是be动词am, is的过去式,它是动词的另一种时态——一般过去时。动词的一般过去时表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态,经常和表示过去的时间状语连用。如:yesterday, yesterday morning/afternoon/evening, last week/month/year, four days ago, in2004等等。动词be的一般过去形式,is, am-was, are-were。如:

They were not here last Sunday. 上个星期天他们不在这儿。

I was late for school yesterday. 昨天我上学迟到了。

 

 例题解析

【例1】He was not at home ________.

A.last night    B.tomorrow   C.now     D.in two days

精析  由was判断是过去时,B、D项是将来时的时间状语,C项是现在进行时的时间状语,故选A项。

答案 A

【例2】He went there ________and stayed there

A.three days ago; for three days

B.for three days; three days ago

C.three days before; three days

D.before three days; three days before

精析  three days ago指went这一动作发生的具体过去时间,for three days指stayed这一动作所持续的时间长度。

答案 A

【例3】She was busy ________her room last night.

A.cleans     B.to clean   C.cleaning   D.clean

精析 be busy doing sth. “忙于做……”,所以选C项。

答案 C

【例4下列各句均有错误,请指出并改正

(1)Was he watch the movie? Yes, he did.

(2)I go to a restaurant for lunch yesterday.

(3)He has a party last night.

(4)Were your father at home over the weekend?

精析  (1)因为答语是Yes, he did. 所以问句应是实义动词的一般疑问句,应把Was改为助动词Did。

(2)由yesterday判断,此句为过去时,应将go改为went。

(3)由last night判断,此句为过去时,应将has改为had。</PGN0160.TXT/PGN>

(4)your father是第三人称单数,且此句为过去时,应用is的过去式was,故把were改为was。

答案 见精析

一. 本周教学内容:重点难点解析

    How was your weekend ?

    你周末过的怎么样?

    单元话题:Weekend activities 周末活动

    单元目标:

  1. Asking for and giving information about activities in the recent past .

    问答近段时间前发生过的活动。

  2. Simple past statements with regular and irregular verbs.

    过去时态的句子以及动词过去式规则与不规则变化。

  3. Writing about weekend activities in the recent past.

    写近段时间前的周末活动。

    单元重点句型:

  1. What did you do over the weekend ?

    在周末期间你做了些什么事?

  2. On Saturday evening I went to the movies .

    星期六的晚上我去看电影了。

  3. On Saturday morning I cleaned my room.

    周六上午,我打扫了房间。

  4. How was your weekend ?

    It was great .

    你周末过得怎么样?好极了。

    单元重点词汇:

  1. 动词过去式:

was (am , is ), did (do), went (go) , wasn’t = was not , had (have) , read (read), saw (see), died (die), got(get), sat(sit)

  2. 短语:

    What about … , have a party , go shopping   do some reading , talk show , a few  take away from , go to sleep , think of

  3. 其它词汇:

    beach , over , project , test , false , number (No.), geography , spend , week , high , Morefield High , most , mixture , relative , their , little , cook , everyone , unhappy , accident , few , ago , early , sit , without , anything , tree , away , perhaps , dream , back , terrible , nobody

    单元重点、难点分析讲解:

I. 一般过去时态(present past tense)

    我们在前面学过“一般现在时态”、“现在进行时态”,从这个字面上就可以理解。那么“一般过去时态”同样可以从字面上理解。表示过去发生过的动作或存在的状态。我们在学习的时候可以把它同“一般现在时态”作对比。

    下面我们从一个图标来直观地理解一下。

    新目标英语七年级下册第九单元重点难点解析

    一般过去时态(一般现在时态/现在进行时态)

    我们来看例句:

  1. 你每天干什么?

    What do you do every day ?

  2. 你昨天干什么?

    What did you do yesterday ?

  3. 你星期天通常干什么?

    What do you usually do on Sundays ?

  4. 你上星期天干了什么?

    What did you do last Sunday ?

    (1)从以上四个句子的对比我们可以看出,一般现在时态中借助“do”来提问,“一般过去时态”中我们借助助动词“did”。但是注意

  1. What does he read in the morning ?

    他早上读什么书?

  2. What did he read this morning ?

    今早他读了什么书?

    (2)也就是说一般现在时态中,主语是单数第三人称时,需借助助动词does,而一般过去时态中仍然是did,它不随主语人称和数的变化。

    (3)当谓语是be动词,我们直接用was(单数)、were就行了,与am/ is / are 的用法完全一样。

  1. I am a teacher . 我是老师

  2. He is a student . 他是学生

  3. He was a little baby 5 years ago .

    三年前他还是个小婴儿。

  4. We were both born in 1978.

    我们都是1978年出生的。

    (4)那么一般过去时态的句子变否定、变疑问分别在did , was / were 上变即可。

    eg.

  1. He didn’t read books last night .

    昨晚他没有看书。

  2. What did she do last Monday ?

    上周一他干什么了?

  3. I wasn’t at school yesterday evening .

    昨晚我不在学校。

  4. Were they happy this Spring Festival ?

    这个春节他们开心吗?

II. 动词过去式

    有规则变化和不规则变化。

  1. 规则变化,一般加ed,读音为[t], [d]或[id]

    轻辅音后读[t],浊辅音后发[d],[t],[d]的音后发[id], 元音后也发[d]

    e.g.

    work →worked [t]

    play →played [d]

    cleaned →cleaned [d]

    visit →visited [id]

  2. 以辅音字母+y结尾的改“y”为“i”,再加“ed”,发音为[id]

    eg. study →studied [id]

  3. 不规则变化,需个别记忆,从不规则中找出一些小规律。现在目前所学常用词的现在时态过去时态的动词对比如下:

    现在时态:(Present)                   过去时(past)

                     get                    got

                     say                    said[e]

                     tell                   told

                     let                    let

                     write                  wrote

                     spend                  spent

                     meet                   met

                     lend                   lent

                     forget                 forgot

                     run                    ran

                     feel                   felt

                     find                   found

                     see                    saw

                     put                    put

                     buy                    bought

                     drink                  drank

                     have                   had

                     think                  thought

                     be                     was/were

                     sit                    sat

                     drive                  drove

                     make                   made

                     read                   read[e]

                     give                   gave

                     pay                    paid

                     throw                  threw

                     take                   took

                     come                   came

                     stand                  stood

                     eat                    ate

                     leave                  left

                     sleep                  slept

    注意变化后的读音也不规则,下面再读一遍。

 

    介词on , over 的用法:

    “on”(1)在…上面   

    eg. on the desk ,         on the book

        在桌上                在书上

    (2)在具体的一天前用“on”

        on Sunday (星期)    on April 2nd(日期)

     “over”(1)在…上面    over the bridge 在桥上

    (2)在…期间 over the weekends    在周末期间

巧记动词过去式

(一)

  be用was或用were, have, has变had.

  一般动词加-ed, 若是特殊得硬记。

  事情发生在过去,经常、反复或连续。

  时间可长也可短,动词时态用“过去”。

(二)

  动词一般过去时,表示过去发生事。

  谓语动词过去式,过去时间作标志。

  否定句很简单,主语之后didn’t添,

  疑问句也不难,did放在主语前。

  如果谓语之前有did,谓语动词需还原

  动词若是was, were,否定就把not添。

巧学动词be的一般过去式

 

  掌握动词be的一般过去时口诀。

  be的过去时有四巧:

  一是时间状语巧,

  表示过去的短语要记牢;

  二是形式巧,

  单数was,复数were;

  否定句结构是三巧,

  not紧跟was / were;

  四是疑问句式巧,

  was / were向前跑(提前)。

  解释:

  【一巧】时间状语巧。一般过去时表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态,恰巧与表示过去的一些时间状语连用。例如:yesterday, last night / week /month /year, last Saturday, the day before yesterday, in 1998, five years ago等。

  【二巧】形式巧。它与一般现在时一样,形式多样:当主语是第一人称单数或第三人称单数时,谓语动词用was;主语是第二人称或其他人称复数时,谓语动词用were。例如:

  I was in the classroom yesterday morning.昨天早上我在教室里。

  He was at school last Tuesday。上周二他在学校。

  They were over there a moment ago.

  刚才他们在那边。

  【三巧】否定句结构巧。与动词be的一般现在时一样,它在动词后面加not即可变成否定句,并且was, were与not可以缩写成wasn’t, weren’t。即:主语+wasn’t / weren’t+表语+其他。例如:

  I was not(= wasn’t)here yesterday.

  昨天我不在这儿。

  My parents were not(= weren’t)at home last Sunday.

  上周日我父母不在家。

  【四巧】疑问句式巧。把was, were提到句首,句末用问号即可变为一般疑问句。即:Was(Were)+主语+表语+其他?这恰巧与动词be的一般现在时的疑问句式相似。例如:

  Were you at home the day before yesterday?

  前天你在家吗?

  Was she late this morning?今天早上她迟到了吗?

  更巧的是疑问句的答语也相似,肯定回答用“Yes, 主语+was / were.”;否定回答用“No, 主语+wasn’t / weren’t.”。例如:

  —Were Wei Hua and Han Mei here just now?  刚才魏华和韩梅在这儿吗?

  —Yes, they were.(No, they weren’t.)是的,她们在。(不,她们不在。)

  从下列各题后所给的四个选项中选择最佳答案填空。

  (  )1.My father ______ ill yesterday.

     A. isn’t  B. aren’t  C. wasn’t  D. weren’t

  (  )2._____ your parents at home last week?

     A. Is  B. Was  C. Are  D. Were

  (  )3.The twins ________ in Dalian last year. They _________ here now.

     A. are; were  B. were; are  C. was; are  D. were; was

  (  )4.______ your father at work the day _______ yesterday?

     A. Was; before  B. Is; before  C. Was; after  D. Is; after

  (  )5.—Who was on duty last Friday/

      —_____.

     A.I am  B.I was  C. Yes, I was  D. No, I wasn’t

  Key: 1—5 CDBAB

 

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