|
英语兴趣班学习材料（3） III 代词 一、 概念及分类：代词是用来代替名词或名词短语的词。可分为人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、指示代词、不定代词和疑问代词。 二、 人称代词 1、 形式：主格（句中做主语）；宾格（句中做宾语，放在动词和介词之后）
2、 注意：如果几个不同的人称同时做主语，习惯顺序为：单数：you, he(she ),I； 复数：we, you, they。 三、物主代词： 1、 形式：形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词。前者起形容词的作用，用来修饰名词做定语，不能单独用；后者起名词的作用，在句子中可以做主语、表语，后面不能跟名词。
Eg. The book on the desk is mine. My book is on the desk. # 双重所有格中，名词性物主代词的用法，即：a+名词+of+名词性物主代词，如 a friend of me/I/my (×)→改为：a friend of mine 我的一个朋友 四、 反身代词：表示动作反射得到执行者本身或用来加强语气的代词。
注意以下短语：enjoy oneself 玩得高兴 dress oneself （自己给自己）穿衣服 by oneself 独自地，独立 teach/ learn by oneself 自学 say to oneself 自言自语 help oneself to sth. 随便吃喝….. 五、 指示代词：在句中可以代替名词，或代替形容词。指较近距离的人或物用 this , these；指较远距离的人或物用that , those. 注意以下用法：1、在打电话时，常用this 指自己，用that 指对方。 Eg. Hello !This is Tom. Is that Jim speaking? 2 为避免重复，可用that, those 代替前面提到过的名词。 Eg The weather of Kunming is better than that (=the weather) of Beijing. 北京的天气不如昆明。 The apples in the red basket are bigger than those in the green basket. 红篮子里的苹果比绿篮子里的大些。 六、 不定代词 不是指明代替任何特定名词的代词叫不定代词。常见的不定代词有both, all , each, some ,any ,many, much, few, a few, little, a little , one , ones , either , neither ,other , another , no , none ,something ,anything ,nothing , someone , anyone ,no one, somebody, anybody , nobody等。 1、 表数量的代词用法：some/ any/ a few/ few/many +复数的可数名词； some/ any /a little / little / much+不可数名词 （其中，a few/ a little 表肯定，而few/ little表否定。） 2、 some与any：some多用于肯定句，也可用于疑问句表示请求与建议；any用于 否定句和疑问句。any还可表“任何一（＞2）”，其后修饰单数名词，如：He is taller than any other boy in his class.(他比班上任何一个其他的男孩都高). 3、 both / all / either / neither / each / every A、 both指两个人或物；all指三个或以上的人或事物。它们都位于be之后， 实意动词前。 B、Either指两个人或物中的任何一个，其后可直接加单数名词，其后跟of 时， 名词可用复数。当其引导的部分做句子主语时，当作第三人称单数对待，如： Either book is interesting. 两本书中有一本有趣。 Either of the books is interesting. C、Neither 是either 的否定形式，表示两个都不是，其后可直接加单数名词，其后 跟of 时，名词可用复数。当其引导的部分做句子主语时，当作第三人称单数对待， 如：Neither student sings well. / Neither of the students sings well. # neither常与nor 连用，构成“neither…nor…” ‘既不…., 也不….’, 当其连 接的部分做句子主语时，谓语动词形式与nor后面的人或物的数保持一致，如： Neither you nor he draws well. 你和他两人都画得不好。 D、each（≥2） ，every（≥3） 都表示“每一”，其后均可直接加单数名词。但 each还可跟of 后，加复数名词，而every则不能（只能做定语）。它们引导的部分做 句子主语时，视为第三人称单数对待。如： There are many trees on each side of the street. They each have two pens. (主语同位语) Each of the women has a skirt. Each / Every woman has a skirt. #every后可跟数词+复数名词，表示“每隔….”，如：every two days 每隔两天。 Every other day 每隔一天 every fourth week 每隔三周 E、other another Other泛指“别的，另一个”，常组成词组：one…,the other… Eg. I have two apples,one is red, the other is green. The other特指“其余的，剩下的全部”，如：The other students are going out except me. Others 是other 的复数形式，相当于other+复数名词，因此，其后不能加任何名词。 The others 表特指，相当于the other +复数名词，其后也不能加任何名词。 Eg. Some students are cleaning the floor, others are cleaning the windows. 一些同学在扫地，一些在擦窗户。 There are forty students in the class. Twenty are girls, the others are boys. Another（≥3） 泛指众多中初一个的另一个。如： I don’t like this one , show me another. F、one ones One 代替前面出现过的单数名词，ones 是它的复数形式。 One 与it 的区别：it用来指特定的东西（the +名词），而one 用于替代不特定的东西（a,an +名词）。 Eg. You have a pen, may I borrow it(=the pen) ? Do you have a pen ? Yes , I have one(=a pen) . G、none no one None（＞2） 指人或物“都不”，常用形式为:none of +不可数名词做主语时，视为第三人称单数（做主语时，视为第三人称单数），或none of +复数名词（做主语时，视为第三人称单数或复数），用于回答how many/much引起的问句；no one 指人，“无一个人”，表第三人称单数概念，用于回答who 引起的问句。 Eg None of the stories are / is interesting. No one is away. H、 something/anything/nothing/everything someone/somebody/anyone/anybody/nobody/everyone 以上为复合不定代词，但它们被形容词或动词不定式短语修饰时，形容词和动词不定式须后置。如：something nice anything to eat 句中用人称代词it 来代替表物的something/anything/nothing /everything,用they 来代替表人的someone/anyone/somebody/anybody/nobody/everyone 练习 一、 选择适当的词填空 1、 We like ________(he, his, him ) very much. 2、 Is this book _______(you, your, yours,)? 3、 ______(She, Her, Hers)name is Li Li. 4、 Father bought a desk for _____(I, my, me,mine). 5、 I made it _____(myself, myselves). 6、 We enjoyed ______(myself, myselves,ourselves). 7、 ______(It, It’s , Its) is very cold today. 8、 Is this your book,Mike? Yes, it’s _______(yours, mine, hers,his). 9、 Are you and Tom classmates? Yes, ______(we, you, they) are. 10． Each of the stdents _______(have , has)a pen . 11． He has a dog. I want to have _____(it, one),too. 12． Her parents are _______(both, all , either )teachers. 13． The text is easy for you . There are ______(few, a few, little , a little) new words in it. 14． I want ____(some, any )bananas. Give me these big______(one, ones). 二、 选择题 1、Li Ping and Liu Lin are ___good at English. A. all B. both C. each 2.They didin’t do as ____work as you did . A. many B. much C. more 3.Is this ____book? A. she B. her C. hers 4.It’s a bird . ____name is Polly. A It B. It’s C. Its 5._____skirt is yours? A. What B. Whose C.Which 6.There is ____water in the bottle. A few B. a few C. a little 7.These cups are ours . Those are ____. A. others B. other’s C. others’ 8.Why not get ____to read? A. nothing B. something C. anything 9.Each of the girls _____a pen? A. has B. have C. is 10.What’s that? ______. A. It’s egg. B. That’s egg C. It’s an egg 11.She has two pens. One is short , _____is long. A. other B. the other C another 12.The history of China is as interesting as ____of America. A. that B. it C.one 13.The man is a friend of _____. A. he B. him C. his 14.Neither Tom nor the twins _____going to the park. A. is B. are C. be 15.He is taller than ____ in class. A. any other boy B. any boy C. any boys 16.I have _____to tell you . A.something important B. important something C.some important thing |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
|
