英语兴趣班学习系列资料4
形容词、副词
【考点直击】
1. 形容词的用法；2. 副词的用法；
3. 形容词和副词原级、比较级、最高级的用法； 4. 形容词和副词在句中的区别和位置。
一. 形容词的用法
(1) 形容词在句中作定语, 表语, 宾语补足语。 例如：
Our country is a beautiful country. （作定语）
The fish went bad. （作表语）
We keep our classroom clean and tidy. （作宾语补足语）
(2) 形容词修饰something, anything, nothing, everything等不定代词时,形容词放在名词后面。
I have something important to tell you. Is there anything interesting in the film.
(3) the＋形容词表示一类人或物 The rich should help the poor.
二. 副词的用法
(1) 副词在句中可作状语,表语和定语。
He studies very hard. （作状语）
Life here is full of joy. （作定语）
When will you be back? （作表语）
副词按其用途和含义可分为下面五类：
1)时间副词
时间副词通常用来表示动作的时间。常见的时间副词有：now today, tomorrow, yesterday, before, late, early, never, seldom, sometimes, often, usually, always等。例如：He often comes to school late.
2)地点副词
地点副词通常用来表示动作发生的地点。常见的地点副词有：here, there, inside, outside, home, upstairs, downstairs, anywhere, everywhere, nowhere, somewhere, down, up, off, on, in, out等。例如：Put down your name here.
3)方式副词
方式副词一般都是回答“怎样的？”这类问题的，其中绝大部分都是由一个形容词加词尾-ly构成的, 有少数方式副词不带词尾-ly, 它们与形容词同形。常见的方式副词有：anxiously, badly, bravely, calmly, carefully, proudly, rapidly, suddenly, successfully, angrily, happily, slowly, warmly, well, fast, slow, quick, hard, alone, high, straight, wide等。例如：The old man walked home slowly.
4)程度副词
程度副词多数用来修饰形容词和副词，有少数用来修饰动词或介词短语。常见的程度副词有：much, (a) little, a bit, very, so, too, enough, quite, rather, pretty, greatly, completely, nearly, almost, deeply, hardly, partly等。例如：
Her pronunciation is very good.
5)疑问副词是用来引导特殊疑问句的副词。常见的疑问副词有：how, when, where, why等。例如：How are you getting along with your studies?
(2)副词在句中的位置
1)多数副词作状语时放在动词之后。如果动词带有宾语，则放在宾语之后。例如：
Mr Smith works very hard.
She speaks English well.
2)频度副词作状语时，通常放在行为动词之前，情态动词，助动词和be动词之后。例如：
He usually gets up early. She is seldom ill.
3)程度副词一般放在所修饰的形容词和副词的前面, 但enough作副词用时，通常放在被修饰词的后面。例如：
It is a rather difficult job. He runs very fast. He didn’t work hard enough.
4)副词作定语时，一般放在被修饰的名词之后。例如：
On my way home, I met my uncle.
The students there have a lot time to do their own research work.
(3)部分常用副词的用法
1) very, much
这两个副词都可表示“很”，但用法不同。Very用来修饰形容词和副词的原级，而much用来修饰形容词和副词的比较级。例如：
She is a very nice girl I’m feeling much better now.
Much可以修饰动词，而very则不能。例如：
I don’t like the idea much. They did not talk much.
2) too, either
这两个副词都表示“也”，但too用于肯定句，either用于否定句。例如：
She can dance, and I can dance, too.
I haven’t read the book and my brother hasn’t either.
3. 形容词和副词的比较级和最高级
(i)等级的构成
1、 规则的：
A、一般的直接加—er ， / --est ； B、以E结尾的加---r， / --st
C、双写最后一个字母加—er， / --est（big ， hot， thin ， fat, wet ， red）
D、辅音字母+Y结尾的变Y为 i ，加—er ， / est。
2、不规则的：good/ well ---- better ---- best bad/badly /ill----worse ---- worst
many / much ---- more ----- most far----farther/ further -----farthest/ furthest
little ---less - ----least
3、 多音节词及部分单音节词在其前加more, most 构成，如：
beautiful ----more beautiful-----most beautiful (多音节)
fun---more fun----most fun (单音节，再如tired, bored等)
*：以形容词+ly构成的副词，在其前加more, most 构成，如：
quickly---more quickly ----most quickly (badly , early 例外)
(ii) 等级比较的运用
1、 比较级比较：用于二者间的同质对比。常用句式为：A+谓语+--er +than +B（+be,情态动词，助动词） eg The moon is smaller than the earth（is）。
# 比较级特殊用法：
（1）、---er and --er / more and more+原级形容词：越来越……
He is taller and taller。 He runs more and more quickly.
（2）、much ，a lot, far 修饰比较级，表示：“…得多”，a little表示“…一点”，even，still表示“甚至，更…” That orange is much bigger than this one 。 （大得多）
（3）、--er +than any other +单数名词：“比别的任何一个都……”
Shanghai is larger than any other city in China。
(4)、特殊疑问词+谓语+ --er ， A or B ？ Who is happier， you or your father ？
（5）、less +形容词、副词原级+than ：“不如……” Li Lei is less tall than Ling Feng。
（6）。the+---er +of the two：“两者中较.......的那个” Li Lei is the taller of the two boys.
(7)、The +---er ……，The +---er……。“越……，就越……”
The higher you stand, the farther you will see.“你站得越高，看得越远。”
（8）。、表达“多少倍或者大多少岁，高出多少”：
a、 A+be+倍数或岁数，高出部分+as +形容词或副词的原级+as +B
b、 A+be+倍数或岁数，高出部分+---er +than B
He is two years as old as Tom. The house is three times bigger than that one.
(9）、“不再 ……”：no longer = not ……any longer
no more = not ……any more
（10）、more than ：不止，比……多。（注意：more than+n.作主语时，谓语 如何去确定？？？）
2、最高级比较：用于三或三者以上的同质比较：the +---est +in / of 短语
Spring is the best season in a year 。 He is the tallest boy of the four boys 。
（注意：1、范围所指内容与主语同类用of ，不同类用in 。 2、形容词最高级前面必须用the，副词可用可不用 ）
#最高级的特殊用法：
A、 One of the +最高级+复数名词，表示“是最……之一”
Our city is one of the safest cities in the world 。
B、 特殊疑问词+谓语+the +最高级， A or B，C？
Who is the tallest ， Tom ， Jim or Li Lei ？
C、the +序数词+最高级： the second\ longest river (第二长河)
D、most of +复数名词，代词；
most of the +复数名词：“大多数的，大部分的 ……
3、同级比较：
肯定句：A+谓语+as +形容词、副词的原级+as +B（+be 、情态动词、助动词）
否定句：A+谓语的否定+as/ so +形容词、副词的原级+as +B（+be 、情态动词、助动词）
如：I am as tall as Jim(is). He isn’t as / so careful as Liming.
3、形容词转化为副词
（1）、一般在其后加--ly,以辅音字母+y 结尾的变y为 i+ly. eg. bad -----badly lucky------luckily
(2)、以一个l结尾的，在其后加--ly , 以两个ll结尾的加y . eg. careful------carefully full-----fully
(3)、以-ble、--tle 结尾的，去e加 y, 以元音字母+e结尾的，去e加--ly .
eg. possible ----possibly true-------truly
(4)、常用的集形容词、副词于一身的： hard near late early fast
（5)、注意以下词：friendly, lonely 形容词
nearly(非near的副词形式）“几乎差不多”； hardly(非hard的副词形式） “几乎不”
（6）、形容词在句中常用做定语修饰名词，如： long desk ；或者用作表语，放在系动词之后，如：I am happy . I feel happy.
副词在句中常用来修饰动词，常放在动词之后，如：jump happily (高兴地跳了起来), draw well（画得好），程度副词也可用来修饰形容词，如：very happy.
练习
1. ---Which is ________, the sun, the moon or the earth?
---Of course the moon is.
A. small B. smaller C. smallest D. the smallest
2. He has made _______ progress this term than before.
A. little B. less C. fewer D. much
3. ---What delicious cakes! ---They would taste _______ with butter.
A. good B. better C. bad D. worse
4. Bob never does his homework ________ Mary. He makes lots of mistakes.
A. so careful as B. as carefully as C. carefully as D. as careful as
1．There are many young trees on sides of the road.
A. every B. each C. both D. all
2．--- It’s so cold today。 --- Yes, it’s than it was yesterday.
A. more cold B. more colder C. much colder D. cold
3．Little Tom has friends, so he often plays alone.
A. more B. a little C. many D. few
4．She isn’t so at maths as you are. A. Well B. Good C. Better D. best
5．Peter writes of the three. A. better B. best C. good D. well
6．He is enough to carry the heavy box.
A. stronger B. much stronger C. strong D. the strongest
7．I bought exercise-books with money.
A. a few; a few B. a few; a little C. a little; a few D. a little; a little
8．The box is heavy for the girl carry.
A. too; to B. to; too C. so; that D. no; to
9．The ice in the lake is about one meter . It’s strong enough to skate on.
A. long B. high C. thick D. wide
10．Wu Lin ran faster than the other boys in the sports meeting.
A. so B. much C. very D. too
11. Jone looks so _______ today because she has got an “A” in her maths test.
A. happy B. happily C. angry D. angrily
12. The smile on my father’s face showed that he was ______ with me.
A. sad B. pleased C. angry D. sorry
13. ---Mum, could you buy me a dress like this?
---Certainly, we can buy ______ one than this, but ______ this.
A. a better; better than B. a worse; as good as
C. a cheaper; as good as D. a more important; good as
14. ---This digital camera is really cheap!
---The ______ the better. I’m short of money, you see.
A. cheap B. cheaper C. expensive D. more expensive
15. If you want to learn English well, you must use it as _______ as possible.
A. often B. long C. hard D. soon
16. Paul has ______ friends except me, and sometimes he feels lonely.
A. many B. some C. few D. more
17. English people _____ use Mr. Before a man’s first name.
A. never B. usually C. often D. sometimes
18. ---One more satellite was sent up into space in China in May.
---Right. The government spoke ______ that.
A. highly for B. high of
C. well of D. highly of
19. ---Remember this, children. ______ careful you are, ______ mistakes you will make.
---We know, Miss Gao.
A. The more; the more B. The fewer; the more
C. The more; the fewer D. The less; the less
20. I have ________ to do today.
A. anything important B. something important
C. important nothing D. important something
二. 用所给单词的适当形式填空
1. My purse was stolen on the bus yesterday. __________ (Fortunate), there was no money in it.
2. Mobile phones are _________ (wide) used in most of the cities in China.
3. He put on his coat and went out ________ (quick).
4. She is ______ (good) than Li Ping at swimming.
5. A lot Chinese people are _______ (pride) of Yao Ming, a famous basketball star in NBA.
6. To our surprise, he suddenly returned on a cold ______ (snow) night.
7. Allie asked me ______ (polite) to put the things away.
8. It’s snowing hard. You must drive ________(careful).
9. The earth we live on is _______ (big) than the moon.
10. Hainan is a very large island. It’s the second ________ (large) island in China.
