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英语学习资料 动词不定式 一、动词不定式的构成及特征 动词不定式是一种非限定动词，肯定形式由“to +动词原形”构成；否定形式由“not +to +动词原形”构成。动词不定式是动词的一种非谓语形式，在句子中不能作谓语，没有人称和数的变化。它具有动词的特征，也具有名词、形容词和副词的特征。 二、用法 1、做主语 eg. To pass the exams is easy . 注意：（1）、当动词不定式做主语时，往往用it 作形式主语，并把定词不定式放在谓语后，句式结构为：It +be +形容词+动词不定式。 如： It is easy to pass the exams. （2）、在以上结构中，如果要说明不定式的执行者，可以用for, of 引出，即： It +be +形容词+for / of sb. +动词不定式。当sb.既是动词不定式的逻辑主语，又是整个句子的主语时，用for ； 当sb.只是动词不定式的逻辑主语时，用of。如： It is not easy for us to finish it. It is very kind of you to help me. 2、做宾语 （1）、直接放在动词后(即：V+<to> do ）：learn, would like , try , need, hope , decide , wish , begin/ start , forget , remember, like , hate, go on ，fail. （2）、做宾补（即：V+sb.+<to>do)：ask, tell, wish, wait for , teach, get, help, make , let, have ,see, hear, feel , watch. 注意：被动语态中，make , let, have 后须加完整的动词不定式，即 be made / let / had to do . (3）、在某些句型中，可用it代替动词不定式做形式宾语，而动词不定式后置。如： eg. He found it difficult to go to sleep. （4）、跟特殊疑问词连用，做宾语，即:特殊疑问词+to do .如： eg. Can you tell me how to find it ? I don't know what to do . 3、定语 常用来修饰名词或复合不定代词，位置后置。这时要注意，如果被修饰的部分是动词不定式短语的宾语，要]保持动词不定式短语的完整性，不要漏掉介词或副词（特别是动词为不及物动词时）。如： eg. There is nothing for us ____. A. to worry B√. to worry about C. to worry about it I'll give you a book ______. A. to read it B. reading C√ . to read It is a very good school _____. A. to study B. √to study in C. to study in it 4、固定句型中的运用：(1)、too......to do ....； “太……..，而不能………” （2）、adj./ adv.+enough to do ...“足够…….，以至于能……” （3）、It takes sb. time to do ......。“花费某人多少时间做某事” 如： He is too young to go to school. He is tall enough to reach that apple. It took me five hours to finish the work. 练习 一、选择 1、I don't know _____next. A. what to do B. to do what C. how to do 2、It is very important ___us ___it . A to, to remember B for, to remember C. for , remembering 3、I'll try ____the same mistake again. A. to not make B. not to make C. not make 4、He told me _____at 6：30. A. leave B. leaving C. to leave 5、It's too hard ___it by myself without your help. A. not to do B. to do C. doing 6、Let's give him something ____. A eating B. to eat C. eat 7、Please remember __the door before you leave the classroom. A. lock B. locking C. to lock . 8、The little girl is often heard ____in the next room. A. sing B. to sing C. singing 9、You'd better _____. A. don't go out B. not go out C.not to go out 二、用括号内的动词的适当形式填空 1、We are so glad _____________(hear) that. 2、Did you see him ____________(go) pstairs? 3、What makes you ____________(think) I'm a farmer ? 4、It's not polite ____________(shout) in public. 5、Mr Wang is the last one _______(leave) the office every day. 6、It took me much time _________(do) my maths work yesterday evening. 7、The boss made the workers __________(work ) over ten hours every day. 8、Stop ____________(talk ) , students ! It's time for class. 9、He got up early ____________(catch ) the early bus. 10、I don't know where __________(meet). |
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