|
前言
1675年，当Herman Busschof创用“moxa（艾灸）”一词后，时隔8年，荷兰莱顿大学医学系的Willem Ten Rhigne又创新出了一个单词“acupunctura（针刺）”。从此，以《论痛风》和《论关节炎》2部著作为标志，一门来自东方的医学——针灸，进入了西方人的视野。
以史为鉴，可知兴替。几个世纪过去了，世界针灸经历了几多起伏。回顾她的历史，我们惊人地发现针灸传播的过程规律是如此的相似。透过20世纪30年和70年代世界针灸的2次升温，我们除了可以看到针灸发展过程中，文化和人物所带来的机遇和条件外，更重要的是针灸本身给世界带来深层意义，那就是世界需要针灸医学。
上世纪，世界针灸的发展有个明显特征是行业组织的兴起。在中国、法国、日本、德国、英国、斯里兰卡等国家，一批针灸传播的先驱者利用他们个人的影响力创办了不同类型的针灸行业学会/协会等组织，如1928年中国的承淡安先生创办的“针灸学研究社”，德·勒·富耶1946年创立的“法国针灸学会(Association Fran?aise de l’Acupuncture)”及 “国际针灸协会”， 笹川久吾博士1948年创立日本医学针灸学会（Japan Society of Medical Acupuncture, JSMA）等等，这些行业组织的建立适应了针灸发展需求，推动了20世纪世界针灸的发展。
以1976年，WHO第29届世界卫生大会首次将传统医学列入议程为界限，世界针灸的发展进入了一个崭新时期。1978年，WHO在日内瓦总部设立了“传统医学规划署”。从1978年的《阿拉木图宣言》到2009年的日内瓦《传统医学决议》，30年的发展证明，以针灸为代表的一些传统医学已经成为世界卫生资源的重要组成部分，在实现“人人享有卫生保健”的战略是目标中发挥了重要作用。
伴随着针灸在世界范围的快速发展，国际间交流的日益频繁以及WHO卫生战略的需要，一个新的跨地区国际针灸组织也在孕育而生。1982年12月14日至20日，世界卫生组织西太区于马尼拉召开第一次针灸穴名标准化会议。中国、日本、澳大利亚、新西兰、韩国、新加坡、菲律宾、越南等8个国家和中国香港地区的15位针灸专家参加了会议。会议期间，日本代表提出了建立一个“世界针灸学术联合会”。这个动议得到了与会代表的一致同意，并成立了“筹备委员会“(开始叫实行委员会)。筹委会在WHO帮助和技术指导下，经过5年的努力，世界针灸学会联合会于1978年11月22日在北京正式成立。世界针联的成立顺应了针灸国际发展的形式，标志着一个代表全球针灸共同利益的跨地区组织走入了历史舞台。
25年过去了，世界针联由小到大，如今已发展成为国际上最大的针灸行业组织，也是唯一与世界卫生组织建立正式关系的针灸组织，她拥有157个团体会员，代表着53个国家和地区的几十万针灸工作者。世界针联在针灸走向世界，促进世界针灸界之间的了解和合作，加强国际间的学术交流，不断提高针灸医学在世界卫生保健工作中的地位和作用，做出了不可替代的贡献。25年过去了，针灸在世界也发生了巨大的变化，她穿透了不同的文化背景，在180多个国家生根发芽、发展壮大，这本身显示了针灸的强大魅力，当然，也与一大批世界各地的针灸人的努力分不开，其中包括了世界针联25年的不断努力和探索。
本书以图文形式系统回顾了世界针联从筹备以来的30年历史，总结其工作，梳理其发展脉络。通过对世界针联筹备过程、与WHO的合作、组织建制、学术发展、合作交流、技术咨询与服务、团体会员以及人文往事等方面的回溯，以期进一步提高自身的发展能力，更好地推动世界针灸的全面发展。同时也借本书的出版发行扩大公众对世界针联组织和针灸活动的影响力。
最后，在本书付梓之际，我们要表达3方面谢意：感谢国家中医药管理局、中国中医科学院及针灸研究所的大力支持；感谢世界针联团体会员、执行委员、及WHO前总干事中岛宏夫人中岛纪廉女士、世界针联前主席王雪苔夫人李平女士等给予的支持和帮助；感谢西安中医脑病医院、北京金华汉新技术有限责任公司、苏州医疗用品厂有限公司、武汉国灸科技开发有限公司的大力帮助。同时，因收集资料方面的困难和成书时间仓促，不足之处在所难免。在此也衷心希望读者提出宝贵意见。
Foreword
In 1675, Herman Busschof created the word moxa. Eight years later, Willem Ten Rhigne, a Dutch doctorwho graduated from the Medical School of Leiden University, created another wordacupunctura. Marked by the publication of Het Podagra (The Podagra) and Dissertatio de Arthritide (Dissertation on Arthritis), acupuncture-moxibustion, a medicine from the East, came in to view of the Western world.
Take history as a mirror and we can see the rise and fall. Centuries have past when acupuncture-moxibustion experienced many ups and downs. When we look back at its history, we astonishingly find that the paths of acupuncture-moxibusiontransmission are so similar. The 2 acupuncture heats in the 1930s and 1970s not only have taught us that certain culture and people may bring about opportunities for acupuncture-moxibustion to progress, but also have revealed a fact – the world needs acupuncture-moxibustion.
The most remarkable feature in the development of acupuncture-moxibustion in the last century was the rise of professional organizations. A number of professional organizations in various forms were founded by the pioneers of acupuncture-moxibustion transmission in China, France, Japan, Germany, Britain, Sri Lanka and so on. For example, the Research Institute of the Science of Acupuncture and Moxibustion was founded by Cheng Dan’an in China in 1928; the French Association of Acupuncture (Association Fran?aise de l’Acupuncture) and the International Acupuncture Association founded by DeLaFuye in 1946; and the Japan Society of Medical Acupuncture founded by Kyugo Sasagawa. The establishment of these organizations conformed to the demand of acupuncture-moxibustion development in the 20th century and thus had promoted such development.
The development of acupuncture-moxibustion in the world entered a new era marked by the inclusion of traditional medicine into the agenda by WHO at its 29th World Health Assembly in 1976. Later in 1978, WHO established a department for Traditional Medicine. The 30 years of development from the Alma Ata Declaration in 1978 to the WHA62.13 Resolution on Traditional Medicine in 2009 had proved that a number of traditional medicines represented by acupuncture-moxibustion had been an important part of global health resource which had been playing a significant role in achieving the goal of health for all.
With the rapid development and the increasingly frequent exchange of acupuncture-moxibustion in the world, as well as the strategic call by WHO, a new international professional organization was being born.14-20 December 1982, WHO Western Pacific Regional Committee held the Working Group Meeting on Standard Acupuncture Nomenclature in Manila, Philippines, which was attended by 15 experts from 8 countries including China, Japan, Australia, New Zealand, South Korea, Singapore, Philippines and Vietnam, and also Hong Kong. At this meeting, the proposal initiated by Japanese delegates that a world academic federation of acupuncture and moxibustion shall be established won universal consent, after which a Preparing Committee (originally named as Steering Committee) was founded. Under the help and guidance of WHO and with 5 years’ effort, the World Federation of Acupuncture-Moxibustion (WFAS) was finally founded on 22 November 1978 in Beijing, China. The establishment of WFAS,which conformed to the global development of acupuncture-moxibustion, was a benchmark for a trans-regional organization representing the common interests of global acupuncture-moxibustion professions to step onto the arena of history.
Twenty-five years have passed and WFAS has grown to the largest international organization specialized on acupuncture-moxibustion and the sole of its kind in official relations with WHO, having 157 member societies and representing hundreds of thousands of acupuncture-moxibustion professionals in 53 countries and regions. In terms of promoting acupuncture-moxibustion to the world, promoting understanding and cooperation among different countries, strengthening international academic exchanges and enhancing the position and role of acupuncture-moxibustion in global health work, WFAS has been an irreplaceable contributor. Twenty-five years have passed when acupuncture-moxibustion has changed a lot in the world – it has taken root and grown in more than 180 countries. This demonstrates the powerful attraction of acupuncture-moxibustion itself, but couldn’t have been realized if without the efforts from a large number of acupuncture-moxibustion professionals across the world including WFAS in its unremitting efforts in the past 25years.
This book is a thorough review with text and photos of the past 30 years of WFAS starting from its preparation, from several aspects including the preparation, cooperation with WHO, organizational structure, academic events, exchanges, technical consultation and service, member societies and cultures. We hope that this review will help promote capability improvement and all-round development of WFAS on one hand, and expand publicity and influence of WFAS and its academic events on another hand.
Finally, at the time when this book is ready to go to press, our acknowledgements go to: State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine and China Academy of Chinese Medical Science for their full support; member societies and members of the Executive Committee of WFAS, Dr. Andrée Nakajima-Guilien (wife of former WHO Director-General Hiroshi Nakajima), and Ms. Li Ping (wife of former WFAS President Wang Xuetai) for their support and help; Xi’an TCM Hospital for Brain Diseases, Beijing Golden Huahan New Technology Co., Ltd., Suzhou Medical Supplies Co., Ltd., and Wuhan Chinese Moxibustion Technology Development Co., Ltd., for their great help. Meanwhile, due to difficulties in information collection as well as time limits, imperfections in writing and editing are almost certain. We value any comments from our readers.
|
