say，speak，talk，tell 之间差异Say，speak, talk和tell是中考英语常考动词。Say， speak ，talk与tell 都有说的意思。但它们的用法不同。怎么样区分其用法和搭配就成了初中生学习过程中的一大难题。现帮你完整归纳其之间的异同，让你不再烦恼。 1.tell 告诉，讲(及物动词) , 指某人把某一件事、一条信息传送给别人或讲述一件事。如： ① tell sb. to do sth. / tell sb. not to do sth. David told his son to do the homework. 大卫要他的儿子去做作业。 My mother tells me to buy some fruit.我妈妈让我买些水果。 He told me not to bring you anything. 他告诉我不要给你任何东西。 Tell him not to be late. 告诉他不要迟到。 ② tell意为"告诉，对……说"。作及物动词，常用作tell sb. sth. = tell sth. to sb. 意为“告知某人某事”。例如： I can't tell the bad news to you.=I can't tell you the bad news.我不能告诉你这个坏消息。 Did you tell her the news?=Did you tell the news to her?你把这个消息告诉她了吗? He told me something about his past. 他告诉我一些他的往事。 ③当tell的宾语是a person / a game / a success时，须用tell about。即：tell sb. about sth. (后常跟某人)。例如： She tells us about her aunt / about the game / about her success.她经常对我们谈起她的姑母 / 那场比赛 / 她的成功。 ④ tell还专指讲故事，说谎。例如： tell a story讲故事 tell a lie说谎 tell the time "报时" Father always tells interesting stories to us. 爸爸总是给我们讲有趣的故事。 He tells me that he wants to be a teacher. 他告诉我说他想成为一位教师。 2.say 说 ① say是"讲，说"的意思，强调说话内容。一般作及物动词，常用于直接引述所说的话或间接叙述所说的话。例如： He can say his name.他会说他的名字。 Say it in English (及物动词，后跟宾语it) Can you say it in English once more? 你能用英语再说一遍吗?(及物动词，后跟宾语it) He says, “It's great.”他说："好极了。" “I don't know,”she says.(BI,P102)她说，“我不知道。” Everybody said it was a good film.人人都说这是一部好电影。 He says that he saw the man yesterday.他说昨天我看见这个人了。 ②say to sb. “对......说”(不及物动词)。如： He said to his students that they would have a test. 他对他的学生说他们将有一个测试。 ③It is said that... 意为“据说”。如： It is said that he could stay under the water for a long time. 据说他能呆在水里很长时间。 3.speak ①speak讲话,发言(不及物动词), speak at the meeting 在会议上发言 He spoke at the meeting yesterday. 他昨天在会上讲了话。
The baby is learning to speak.这个孩子正在学说话。(即：表示会说话的能力) ②speak to sb. (不及物动词)意为“和.....讲话、谈话”。 Can I speak to Mr Zhang? 我能和张先生讲话吗? She is speaking to her teacher. 她正在跟她的老师说话。 I`ll speak to him. 我要跟他谈谈。 ③speak (及物动词)，后面主要接语言。如： speak English speak Chinese说汉语 speak French说法语 He can speak a lot of languages He can speak English and a little Chinese. 他能讲英语和一点汉语。 表示说到什么人或事，须用介词about of on引出的短语。如： The book speaks of my hometown. 那本书提到我的家乡。(speak of 意为“提到、说起”, speak of something/somebody谈到某事(某人)) They all spoke on folk music. 他们就民间音乐讲了话。 4.talk 谈话(不及物动词) ①talk about sth.(谈论某事) 如： They are talking about the movie/ film. 他们在谈论那部电影。 Let's not talk about it now.这事咱们现在别谈了。 ②talk with /to sb.(和某人交谈) 。如果只有一方对另一方说话时，一般用 talk to;如果双方或多方交谈，多用 with。如： Please talk to him right now. 请立即同他谈话。 He is talking with his friend. 他在和朋友交谈。 speak to和 talk to可以通用，都表示“和......谈话”。例如： They are speaking/talking to a foreign friend.他们正在和一位外国朋友谈话。 ③have a talk with 意为“与......交谈”。如： Can I have a talk with you? 我可以和你交谈吗?(talk n.谈话) ④ give a talk做报告 have a talk听报告 (talk n.报告) 5.注意习惯表达： (1) 表示“演说”、“演讲”、“发言”等，一般用 speak 。如： Who is going to speak at the meeting? 谁将在会上发言？ (2) 表示“讲故事”、“说谎”等，一般用 tell。如： He often tells us interesting stories. 他经常给我们讲有趣的故事。 (3) 表示“说某种语言”，一般用 speak (及物)。如： Do you speak French? 你会说法语吗? 注：偶尔用动词 talk 表示“说”某种语言，但很少见。 (4) 在某些搭配中，有时可有多种表达。如： say [speak] a word 说句话 say [tell, speak] the truth 讲真话 经典例题： 练习一： 1. Did he _____ it in English? A. tell B. speak C. say D. talk 选C.say。他能够用英语说它吗？因为speak后面应该直接接语言,talk必须是talk about,talk to,talk with.等. 2. The teacher _____ us to finish the homework in time. A. tells B. speaks C. says D. talks 选A. tells 。老师对我们说要及时完成家庭作业。 on time 准时 in time 及时 练习二：选用 say speak talk tell 的适当形式填空。 1. He ____ he is busy. says 2. ″What language do you ______﹖″ ″ I ______ Chinese.″ speak speak 3. The teacher is ______ loudly to the students. speaking 4. She is _____ with her classmates. talking 5. Please ______ me the news. tell 通过以上的学习和练习巩固，相信你已经对say，speak，talk，tell其用法有了更深入的认识。多学多用才能真正掌握，一定要认真理会，准确运用。 |
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