Unit 3-4 语法

Unit 3-4 语法

一． What do(es) sb. think about/of sth.? 意为“某人认为……怎么样?”，是一个用来询问某人对某事有何看法的句型。该句型可以转化为“How do(es) sb. like…?”答语往往是对人（物）的评价。

例如:  ---What do you think of your math teacher ?

--- She is friendly and knowledgeable. Everyone likes her.

练一练：-- ______do you _______ the game? 

--It’s wonderful. I think the players are great.

A. How; like about   B. What; think of    C. What; like about   D. How; think about

二． 最高级形式的构成

(1)单音节词和部分双音节词在原级后加-est构成，具体情况如下：

①单音节词及部分双音节词在词尾后加-est。  great--greatest clever--cleverest

②以e结尾的单词，在词尾后加．-st。       nice--nicest  fine--finest

③以辅音字母’y结尾的单词，把y变为i，再加-est。  happy--happiest heavy--heaviest

④重读闭音节单词末尾只有一个辅音字母的单词，双写最后的辅音字母，再加-est。

hot--hottest big—biggest

(2)绝大多数双音节和多音节形容词前面加most构成最高级。

    important--most important        interesting---most interesting

    beautiful--most beautiful         popular--most popular

    difficult---most difficult         creative--most creative

    boring--most boring            expensive--most expensive

 (3)不规则变化 

    少数形容词(和副词)的比较级及最高级变化不规则，我们要熟记。

    good／well-~better---*best          bad／ill／badly-~worse--*worst

    many／much-+more--+most        little---less---~least

    farther--*farthest                  further —furthest

三． 形容词最高级的用法:

1. 用法：当需要对三者或三者以上的人或事物进行比较，表示“最……”的含义时，需要用    级。我们在使用最高级时应注意以下几点。

其结构形式为:

2. 主语+谓语(系动词)+the+形容词最高级+名词+表示范围的短语(in/of )或从句。　

(1.)She is                  student     _______ her class. 　她是班上最好的学生。

(2.)Shanghai is one of                  cities  ________China. 上海是中国最大城市之一。

(3.)This is        _______      apple I have ever met. 　这是我见到的最大的苹果。

(4.)Tom is     __       boy in his basketball team. 汤姆是他们篮球队中个子最高的孩子。

3. 形容词最高级前通常要加定冠词        ，但如果最高级前有物主代词、名词所有格等修饰时，则不用定冠词。如：

(1)Monday is my busiest day.      (2)Jim is Mike’s best friend.。

4. 形容词最高级常与介词in或of引导的短语（说明比较范围）连用。若介词后的名词或代词与句中的主语是同一类人或物时，常用of短语。当强调是在某一范围、场所内进行比较时，常用in短语。

如：(1)She is the oldest of these children.   (2)Lily is the youngest in her class.

5. 形容词最高级前可用序数词进行限定，共同修饰后面的名词，其结构为：the+序数词+形容词最高级+ 名词。

如： The Yellow River is the second longest river in China.  黄河是中国第二长河。

6.、有时有最高级修饰的名词前还可以用不定冠词来修饰,但这时不含比较的意思，只是表示“非常，很”

如：Their performance was a greatest success.他们的演出非常成功。

1. Pop music is ______music in the world.   

A .best of    B .more better    C .good of    D.  the best

2. Of all the students, Angie is the _____but studies __________than others.

A .shorter, best   B .shortest, better   C .shortest, best   D .shorter, better

3. As students, we must work hard to make our country _______.

A .rich and stronger      B .richer and stronger  

C .richer and stronger    D .rich and strong

4. John often talks _____ but does _____, so all of us think he is a good boy.

A .little, many   B .few, fast   C .less, more   D. more, less

5. The boy didn’t run ____ to catch the bus.

  A .fast enough   B .enough fast   C .quick enough   C .enough quick

6. I’m sure you can jump as ____as Jim if you wear your sports shoes.

  A .slow   B .slower    C .higher   D .high

7. I don’t think this question is ____than that one .It is ____of these questions.

A. easier, more difficult               B .easier, the most difficult

C. easiest, more difficult               D .easier, much more difficult

8. Mr Zhang is one of ____in our school.  

A .the more popular teachers    B .most popular teachers 

C .the most popular teachers    D .the most popular teacher

用Of, than, in, as填空。

1. This table is as big       that one. 

2. The yellow book is bigger       the blue one.

3. Tom is the best student      the class.

4. This lesson is more interesting       that one.

5. This apple is the largest       all the apples.

 用所给形容词或副词的适当形式填空

1.      Which lesson is__________ (difficult) in Book 2?

2.      Alice writes __________________ (carefully) than I.

3.      This story is __________________ (interesting) than that one.

4.      He is __________________ (clever) boy in the class.

5.      This kind of food must be __________ (delicious) than that one.

6.      Can you show me_ _________ (near) shop?

7.      Who’s __________________  ，(careful)，Tom，Jim or Kate?

8.      That is __________________ (easy) of all.

That was one of. __________________ (exciting) moments in 2013.

四．副词比较级和最高级的用法：

1. 原级主要的句型：

1）as+副词原级+as           像….一样……

Tom runs as fast as Jim.     汤姆像吉姆一样跑得快。

not as/so+副词原级+as     不像……一样 

He didn’t come as/so early as Li Lei.    他不像李磊一样来得早。

2）too+副词原级+to do sth.   太……而不能做某事

Lucy rides too slowly to catch up with me.  露西骑自行车太慢而不能赶上我。

3）so +副词原级+ that …  如此/这么…. 所以/以至于…

Jean rides so slowly that she can’t catch up with me.

4）副词原级+enough to do sth. 够…. 能够做某事

Jean doesn’t ride fast enough to catch up with me.

2. 比较级的用法：

1）比较级+than。当前后使用的动词相同时，通常用助动词来代替后面的动词，该动词或助动词可以省略。     Lily run faster than Mary(did).

2）比较级+and +比较级       The days are getting longer and longer in summer.

3）the more…the more…  越。。。越。。。

The harder you work, the better you will learn. 你工作越努力，你将会学得更多。

3. 最高级的用法：

副词最高级前一般有the，也可省略。

He works (the) hardest of all the students in the class.

（  ）1. John is my      friend of all the classmates.

A. good   B. better    C. best    D. the best

（  ）2. E-mailing is much       than long-distance calling.

A. cheap    B. cheaper   C. cheapest    D. the cheapest

（  ）3. Beijing is one of       cities in China.

A. very beautiful    B. much beautiful  

C. more beautiful   D. the most beautiful

（  ）4. The Yellow River isn’t so      as the Changjiang River.

A. long   B. longest   C. longer   D. the longest

（  ）5. The coat I bought last week is too big for me. I’d like to change it for a      one.      A. small   B. larger    C. nicer    D. smaller

（  ）6. Who is the      , Jim, Li Lei or Ling Feng?

A. tall   B. taller   C. tallest    D. much taller

（  ）7. Of all the students, Wu Dong runs     . A. fast B. faster C. fastest D. most fast

（  ）8. He has grown        to take care of himself.

A. tall enough  B. enough tall  C. old enough   D. enough old

（  ）9. Tom draws      better than his brother. A. more  B. most C. many D. much

（  ）10. Who does homework         in your class?

A. carefully   B. most carefully  C. more carefully   D. as carefully as

（  ）11. This box is___ that one.

　  A. heavy than   B. so heavy than　 C. heavier as     D. as heavy as

（  ）12. When we speak to people, we should be ' .

　  A. as polite as possible       B. as polite as possibly

C. as politely as possible     D. as politely as possibly

（  ）13. This book is____ that one, but____ than that one.

　   A. as difficult as; expensive   B. as more difficult as; more expensive

　  C. as difficult as; more expensive    D. more difficult as; as expensive

（  ）14. I think the story is not so ___ as that one.

　  A. interesting   B. interested 

   C. more interesting    D. most interesting

（  ）15. His father began to work____ he was seven years old.

　A. as old as    B. as early as    C. since     D. while

总结：

     ①A比B更……：         A+ be+形容词比较级+than+ B.

②A和B一样：           （as……as）

③A是两者中更……的一个：the +形容词的比较级+ than of the two

④越……越……：          the + 比较级+其他， the + 比较级+其他          

⑤越来越….                比较级+ and + 比较级； more and more +

五． 形容词副词比较级最高级使用注意事项

◇比较应在同类事物之间进行。

误：Your English is better than me.      正：Your English is better than mine.

◇比较级前可以有一个表示程度的状语，最常见的三大修饰词是：a little, much, even。 以下单词也可用来修饰：any, far, still, a lot, yet, rather。

My sister is a little taller than me.

Their house is much larger than ours.

另外，名词短语也可修饰比较级，说明程度。

I’m three years older than he.

特别提醒：very, quite, too不可修饰比较级。

◇避免重复使用比较级。

误：He is more kinder to small animals than I. 

正：He is much kinder to small animals than I.

误：He is more cleverer than his brother.

正：He is cleverer than his brother.

◇比较要符合逻辑，在同一范围内比较时，避免将主语含在比较对象中，这时需使用other来排除自身。

误：China is larger that any country in Asia.

正：China is larger than any other country in Asia.

误：John studies harder than any student in his class.

正：John studies harder than any other student in his class.

正：John studies harder than any of the other students in his class.

正：John studies harder than anyone else in his class.

◇比较要遵循前后一致的原则，注意前后呼应。

The population of Shanghai is larger than that of Beijing.

It is easier to make a plan than to carry it out.

◇序数词通常只修饰最高级。

Africa is the second largest continent.

The Yellow River is the second longest river in China.

This is the third most popular song of Michael Jackson.

◇为避免重复，我们通常用that, those, one, ones代替前面出现的名词。that代替可数名词单数和不可数名词，those代替可数名词复数。one既可指人又可指物，只能代替可数名词。

The weather in China is different from that in America.

The book on the table is more interesting than that(或the one)on the desk.
A box made of steel is stronger than one made of wood.
误：In winter, the weather of Beijing is colder than it of Shanghai.

正：In winter, the weather of Beijing is colder than that of Shanghai.

◇“否定词 + 比较级”相当于最高级。----Wait until we get a satisfactory reply, will you?

----I couldn't agree more. The idea sounds great to me.

Nothing is so easy as this. =Nothing is easier than this. =This is the easiest thing.

◇比较级前一般不加冠词。但表示两者中较突出者，且比较级后又有名词或出现了of the two，这时比较级前一定要加the。

He is the taller of the two.

Of the two jobs，he chose the harder.

Which is the younger one, Lily or Lucy?

试比较：

Which is larger, Canada or Australia?

Which is the larger country, Canada or Australia?

She is taller than her two sisters.

She is the taller of the two sisters.

◇不含than 的比较级前可加不定冠词修饰，构成“a/an+比较级+单数可数名词”表示

“一个更……的人/物”。

Why don’t you use a sharper knife? 你为什么不用一把更锋利的刀呢？

◇比较级than 后应用人称代词的主格，但非正式语体中常用宾格。

He is taller than I/me.

◇为避免重复，比较级中同样的动词用助动词do, does, did替代。

I spend less time doing homework than John does.

She tells more funny jokes than we do.

以下内容不是初中教学的重点，仅供拓展之用。

◇形容词most前面没有the，不表示最高级的含义，只表示“非常”。

It is a most important problem.

=It is a very important problem.

◇倍数表达法

▲A is three(four, etc.)times the size(height, length etc.)of B.
The new building is four times the size(the height)of the old one.
这座新楼是那座旧楼的四倍大（高）/这座新楼比那座旧楼大（高）三倍。
▲A is three(four, etc.)times as big(high, long, etc.)as B.
Asia is four times as large as Europe. 亚洲是欧洲的四倍大/亚洲比欧洲大三倍。
▲A is three (four, etc.)times bigger(higher, longer, etc.)than B.
Your school is three times bigger than ours.你们的学校比我们的学校大三倍。
用times表倍数通常用于三倍以上，两倍可以用twice或double.

1． He feels _____ today than yesterday.

A. tired B. more tired C. more tireder D. much tired

2. Which do you like ___, coffee, tea or milk? A. the worst B. worse C. the worse D. worst

3. Of the two toys, the child chose_____.

A. the expensive one B. one most expensive

C. a least expensive D. the most expensive of them

4. The line is ____ than that one.

A. more longer B. not longer C. much more longer D. many more longer

5. The earth is _____ the moon. 

A. as 49 times big as B. 49 times as bigger as C. 49 times as big as D.as big as 49 times

6. The book is ____ of the two.  A. thinner B. the thinner C. more thinner D. the thinnest

7. She looks _____ than she does.

A. the more older B. very older C. much older D. more older

8. The garden is becoming ______.

A. more beautiful and more B. more beautiful and beautiful

C. more and more beautiful D. more beautiful and beautifuler

9. They competed（比赛） to see who could work _____.

A. the fastest and best B. the faster and the better  

C. fastest and better D. faster and better

10.______ hurry, _______speed.

A. More, less B. Much, little C. The more, the less D. The much, the little

11. This kind of coffee is different ______.

A. and it is also better B. and better than the other

C. but also than others D. from the other, and better

 

 

“给……看；出示；显示”，常构成“show sb sth”或“show sth to sb” 结构

 

Will you kindly show me that coat over there? 请把那儿的上衣拿给我看看好吗？

“show+间接宾语+直接宾语”结构中，若直接宾语为指物的代词it或them时，只能用“show it(them) to sb”结构。如：
正：You have a new pen, please show it to me.
 误：You have a new pen, please show me it.
2.意为“带领；引领”，习惯搭配有show sb to..., show sb around...等。如：
  Please show me to your school. 请带我到你们学校去。
  Uncle Wang is going to show us around his farm. 王叔叔要领我们参观他