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回顾：原级的构成和用法 l)构成：形容词，副词的原级形式是形容词 2)用法：表示双方在程度，性质，特征等某方面相等时，用' as 十原级形容词或副词十 as'的结构； 表示双方不相等时，用' not so (as)十原级形容词或副词十 as'的结构； 表示一方是另一方的若干倍时，用'倍数十 as十原级形容词或副词十 as'的结构． e.g. Ms．Sun speaks English as fluently as you． This building looks not so (as) high as that one． This room is three times as large as that one. 1. 比较级和最高级的构成 1） 加-er,-est构成比较级和最高级。 单音节形容词和副词 以不发音的-e结尾的 High higher highest safe safer safest Hard harder hardest late later latest small----smaller----smallest large----larger----largest new----newer----newest nice----nicer----nicest 辅音字母要双写的情况 以辅音加-y结尾的情况 Big bigger biggest dry drier driest Hot hotter hottest merry merrier merriest Thin thinner thinnest easy easier easiest 2) 加more, most构成比较级和最高级 多音节的形容词 由形容词加-ly构成的副词 Expensive more expensive most expensive slowly more slowly most slowly Carefully more carefully most carefully highly more highly most highly 以-ful,-less,-able,-ous,-ive, -ing等结尾的双元音形容词 Useless more useless most useless Serious more serious most serious 分词形容词tired,pleased及glad,often,real, right,wrong等单音节形容词。 Tired more tired most tired Glad more glad most glad 3）下列形容词、副词的比较级和最高级可有两种构成方法． cruel crueler cruelest more cruel most cruel often oftener oftenest more often most often strict stricter strictest more strict most strict friendly friendlier friendliest more friendly most friendly 4)形容词。副词的比较级和最高级的不规则构成法 Good/well better best Bad/ill/badly worse worst Many/much more most Little less least Far farther/further farthest/furthest Old older/elder oldest/eldest 2 比较级的表示法：主语+be+比较级+than… 主语+谓语+比较级+than… 1) 不同主语的比较， ①双方比较，表示一方超过另一方时，用'比较级十 than'的结构表示 He is two years younger than I. ②表示一方不及另一方时，用' less十原级十 than'的结构表示 This room is less beautiful than that one 2) 同一主语不同方面的比较 She is now happier than she has ever been 用于修饰比较级的词：even, （very）much, far, a lot, still, yet. a bit，a little，still，much，yet，by far 注意：by far通常用于强调最高级．用于比较级时，一般放在比较级的后面，如在前面，应在二者中间加' the'．如 He is taller by far than his brother. He is by far the taller of the two brothers. 表示一方超过另一方的程度或数量，可在比较级前加上上述表示程度的副词，以加强语气。 He works even harder than before. 4）某些以一 or结尾的形容词进行比较时，用 to代替 than．(这些词有inferior [in'fiəriə]低人一等的 | 下等的 | 下级的， superior [sju:'piriə]上级的；优秀的，出众的；高傲的，junior（下级的，年少的），senior（年长的，高级的），prior（较早的，在先的）等．Junior school小学，senior school中学例如： He is superior to Mr Wang in mathematics 5）在比较从句中为了避免重复，我们通常用 that(those)，one(ones)代替前面出现的名词。 that指物，one既可指人，也可指物．that可代替可数名词单数和不可数名词，而one只能代替可数名词.例如： The book on the table is more interesting than that on the desk. A box made of iron is stronger than one made of wood． 二，as, little, few, elder等在比较级中的用法。 as 用于比较级 1）。As +形容词或副词原级+as Tom is as tall as Mike. 2) as +形容词原形+A+名词+as He is as good a student as you. 3) 倍数+as+形容词或副词原级+as This room is three times as large as that one. 提到倍数用法， 补充：表示倍数的比较级有如下几种句型： 1) A is three(four，etc) times as big(high，long，wide，etc．) as B．例如： Asia is four times as lareg as Europe，亚洲是欧洲的四倍大．(亚洲比欧洲大三倍．) 2) A is three(four，ete) times the size(height，length，width，ete) of B．例如； The new building is four times the size( the height) of the old one．这座新楼是那座旧楼的四倍大(四倍高)。(这座新楼比那座旧楼大三倍[高三倍])． 3) A is three(four，etc．) times bigger ( higher，longer，wider，etc．) than B．例如： Your school is three times bigger than ours，你们的学校比我们的学校大三倍．(你们的学校是我们学校的四倍大．) 用 times表示倍数，一般只限于表示包括基数在内三倍或三倍以上的数．表示两倍可以用 twice或 double little/few和many/much的比较级和最高级以及用法 1）little less least修饰不可数名词 2）few fewer fewest修饰可数复数名词 3）much more most修饰不可数名词 4）many more most修饰可数复数名词 If you want to be thinner and healthier, you’d better eat less food and take more exercise. 3.a bit, a little, not a bit, not a little的用法 1）the +比较级+主谓，the+比较级+主谓：越。。。越。。。 The harder he works, the happier he feels. 2)比较级+and+比较级：越来越。。。 The weather is getting colder and colder. 4. elder的用法 1）不能单独用作表语，因为elder不是真正意义上的比较级 My sister is older( than me). My sister is elder(than me) 2) 描述家庭人员出生的先后 She is the older of the two.他是姐妹中较大的一个。 三．形容词和副词最高级的用法，most/mostly/almost/at most 的含义 1.形容词和副词最高级的用法 三者或三者以上的比较用最高级。表示最高程度时，用“the+最高级”的结构表示。最高级中表示比较范围的常用among, in, of 引导的介词短语或从句表示。 Yesterday was the hottest day of the year. She is one of the most beautiful girls in our school. He works (the) hardest in his class. 2. 用于修饰最高级的词 最高级可以被序数词以及much, by far, nearly, almost by no means，not quite，not really，nothing like等词语所修饰. 例如： This hat is by far／much／nearly／almost／not nearly／by no means/not quite／nothing like the biggest． How much did the second most expensive hat coat? The Yellow River is the second longest in China. 3. 由ing分词和ed分词演变过来的形容词(包括不规则动词如know→known)只能加more或most来表示它们的比较级和最高级 more(most) striking, more(most) interesting, more(most) wounded, more(most)worn等。 4表示'最高程度'的形容词，如 excellent，extreme，perfect等，没有最高级，也不能用比较级． 5. most, mostly, almost, at most的用法。 most作副词，构成形容词和副词的最高级 Most作副词，构成大多数双音节或多音节形容词和副词的最高级形式，前面常有定冠词。 Which do you think is the most comfortable hotel in this town? 2)most作副词，修饰形容词和副词，用来加强语气，表示：极，十分。前面不用定冠词。 It’s most dangerous to play with fire. 3）most作形容词，修饰名词。 Most作形容词，意为“大多数的，大部分的，几乎全部的”，修饰名词，前面不用冠词。与most of同义，但most of后的名词前必须加冠词。 Most ofthestudents had left when he came. 4) mostly :主要地，多半地，相当于mainly He uses his bike mostly for going to school 5）almost意为：几乎，相当于very nearly. He spent almost the whole day reading English. 6)at most意为“最多”, 与at least相对 I can pay only twenty dollars at (the ) most. 训练 1. Tony is going camping with ________boys. A. little two other B. two little other C. two other little D. little other two 2. — Mum, I think I’m ________to get back to school. — Not really, my dear, you’d better stay at home for another day or two. A. so well B. so good C. well enough D. good enough 3. — Shall I sit at this end of the boat or the other end? — If you keep still, you can sit at ________end. A. neither B. each C. either D. any 4. It is impossible for so ________people to do so________work in a single day. A. few; much B. few; many C. little; much D. little; many 5. After the new technique was introduced, the factory produced ________tractors in 1988 as the year before. A. as twice many B. as many C. twice as many D. twice many as 6. Which is ________country, Canada or Australia? A. a large B. larger C. a larger D. the larger 7. — Will you take this dictionary to Mr. Anderson, please? — Sorry, I can’t, he________. A. doesn’t any more study here B. doesn’t any longer there study C. doesn’t study any more there D. doesn’t study there any longer 8. — I have to pay 100 dollars for this toy car. — It’s probably________. A. worthy them B. worthy it C. worth them D. worth it 9. The color TV set in the Yellow Crane Commercial Building will be ________, but ________. A. cheaper; not as good B. cheaper; not as better C. more cheap; not as better D. more cheap; not as good 10. Her voice sounds________. A. sweetly B. sweet C. to be sweetly D. to be sweet 11. May I have ________more water-melons (西瓜)? A. any B. every C. some D. each 12. He is not planning to go________. A. anywhere B. somewhere C. nowhere D. everywhere 13. I don’t like this ink, I like ________ink. A. some others B. another C. an other D. some other 14. The work pleased the old man; this work________. A. pleased B. was pleased C. pleasing D. was pleasing 15. Eating an apple a day is considered ________to health. A. use B. usely C. useful D. useless 16. Do you know the name of that________? A. funny, little, red mosquito-like insect B. little, funny, mosquito-like insect C. red, little, funny, mosquito-like insect D. little, mosquito-like, funny, red insect. 17. We can finish our lecture________quickly if you keep quiet for a few minutes. A. fairly B. well C. too D. soon 18. — Let’s go to the seashore this morning. — We are planning to; in fact we have the picnic basket packed ________. A. however B. still C. yet D. already 19. She is ________too old to travel long. A. quite B. very C. far D. many 20. — I wish Mubble would drive us to the airport. — He has ________to take us all. A. too small a car B. very small a car C. a too small car D. such small a car 21. Piddy’s plan was ________. A. so good as, if no better than ours B. as good as, if not better than ours C. as good like, if no better than our’s D. as well as, if not better than ours 22. The more we looked at the mountain, ________. A. the less we liked it B. we like it less C. better we like it D. it looked better 23. Who lives ________here? A. farthest away B. furthest away C. the farthest from D. the further away 24. — How was the party? — Fine except that we arrived________. A. terribly late B. terribly lately C. terrible late D. terrible lately 25. — How about Joe Hill? — He arrived home ________and sound. A. safe B. safely C. with safety D. in safe 26. — What do you think of that job, Tonny? — We feel ________that the job shouldn’t have been done so carelessly. A. strong B. strongly C. being strong D. to be strong 27. Because she was late again for school, the teacher became________. A. very angrily B. much angry C. very angry D. much angrily 28. Can you give me ________change for this ten-dollar note? A. little B. short C. small D. tiny 29. Jane swims ________than I, but she doesn’t swim ________my sister. A. better; as well as B. better; better C. as well as; better D. better; than 30. They went by train ________Beijing, and there took ship ________France. A. so far as; for B. as far as; to C. to; so far as D. for; as far as 31. The food tastes ________and sells well. A. nice B. well C. salt D. much better 32. The result proved________. A. correct B. that his words right C. being correct D. what he said is right 33. The ________ spider lives in the hot, thick rain forests of South America. A. bird-eaten B. eaten-bird C. bird-eating D. eating-bird 34. He thought the Englishman was ________that American. A. so clever as B. less clever than C. as cleverer as D. more cleverer than 35. I’d like him to go and see ________the coat would be ready. A. how soon B. how long C. whether D. that 36. Speak________, please, I can’t hear you. A. loudly B. louder C. alouder D. more loudly 37. It is certain that he has ________heart trouble. A. little B. no C. not D. big 38. In the sports meet he jumped ________, so he was ________spoken of. A. highly; high B. the higher; highly C. highest; highly D. more highly; very high 39. He is not good at French, ________ good at German. A. he is B. nor does he C. neither he is D. neither is he 40. Look out! Here________. A. comes the bus B. is the bus coming C. the bus comes D. the bus is coming 41. Your coat is wet. Why not take ________? A. off it B. it off C. it down D. out it 42. This hall is ________that room. A. twice big than B. twice as bigger as C. not big as D. twice as big as 43. You’d better keep your mouth ________ and your eyes________. A. close; open B. closed; open C. closed; opened D. close; opened 44. Ella was a ________shy girl but her classmates seldom thought of her as shy. A. quite B. rather C. too D. so 45. The little boy was ________frightened ________move. A. both; and B. too; to C. either; or D. not; until 46. The children were ________excited to see ________many strange things in the museum. A. very; that B. much; so C. too; such D. too; so 47. ________meeting will begin is still unknown. A. If the B. That the C. When the D. The 48. Only when air moves________. A. it can be felt B. can we feel it C. can it feel D. we can feel it 49. The college students insisted on being sent to work ________they were most needed ________they graduated. A. where; when B. if; unless C. because; while D. though; as 50. — ________do you go to see your grandfather? — Twice a month. A. How soon B. How long C. How often D. What time 51. The girl wore a coat ________long for her. A. too much B. much too C. very much D. a bit of 52. Tom’s mother lay________, so Tom sat________. A. ill, silence B. sick; silent C. with illness; still D. sickly; worried 53. He was ________ kind ________show me the way to the stadium. A. enough; to B. so; that C. very; in order to D. so; as to 54. It’s________ nine o’clock. You are ________at breakfast! A. yet; still B. still; already C. already; yet D. already; still 55. He was so deeply moved by his words that he couldn’t fall ________deep into the night. A. sleep B. asleep C. sleeping D. sleepy 56. I hardly ever hear him sing ________song. A. any B. many C. such D. latest 57. She was half an hour ________for the class. A. late B. later C. latter D. latest 58. Mr. Scott is ________respected by his students. A. very B. extreme C. rather D. much 59. I think ________to learn English from early childhood. A. it best B. it is the best C. it the best D. it will be best 60. I can’t remember where I put the pen, it is ________to be found. A. nowhere B. somewhere c. anywhere D. however 1—10. CCCAC DDDAB 11—20. CADDC AADCA 21—30. BACAA BCCAB 31—40. AACBA BBCDA 41—50. BDBBB DCBAC 51—60. BBDDB AADAA |
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