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1.延续性动词：how long，since，for，until / till等所在肯定句中的主句谓语要用延续性动词(以下划线部分)： We have been in Zhengzhou for ten years。 How long may I keep this novel? I’ve lived here since 2002. Let’s wait until he comes back.. 但否定句中可用短暂性动词，如下面的see与leave： I haven’t seen you for a long time. They won’t leave until it stops raining。 另外，请观察以下短暂性动词转换成延续性动词的常见表达： lose →be lost. start / begin to do→do go off→be off start, begin→be on turn on→be on move to→live in end→be over get, buy→have, own borrow→keep die→be dead go out→be out fall asleep→be asleep get / become + adj →be + adj. open(动词，“打开”) →be open(形容词，表状态) arrive in, get to, reach→be in, stay in leave, go away (from)→be away (from) 如以下例子的划线部分(并注意黑体部分的变化)： The dog died five hours ago. →The dog has been dead for five hours。 I lost my dictionary two weeks ago. →My dictionary has been lost since two weeks ago。 He began to teach English last year. →.He has taught English for one year。 Lucy arrived in Beijing the day before yesterday. →Lucy has been in Beijing for two days。 I bought this bike six months ago. →I have owned this book since six months ago。 My friend borrowed the book last month. →My friend has kept the book for a month。 He left Beijing in 1990. →He has been away from Beijing since 1990. (注意以上的“for + 时间段”与“since + 时间段 + ago”或“since + 时间点”可互换) 2.all / each / both / none / either / neither不定代词或形容词的用法： 1All boys / All of the boys are from China. (all 若接可数复数， 谓语也用复数。) All of the water is polluted. (若接不可数，谓语用单数。) 2Each boy / Each of the boys has a different bag。 each接名词单数或接of + 限定词+复数，其后谓语都用单数。 3Both of the twins are clever. 后面谓语用复数。 4None of the students has / have been there before。 none +of +限定词+复数， 谓语用单、复数都可。另见88. 5-When shall we meet, Saturday or Sunday? -Either day is OK. / Either of the days is OK. 谓语用单数。 6-When shall we meet, Saturday or Sunday? —11— -Sorry, I have to look after my mother these two days. That is, neither time is OK. / neither of the days is OK. 谓语用单数。 【 all / each / none分别指三者或更多中的“都” / “每一个”/“没有一个”。 both / either / neither分别指两者中“都”/“任何一个”/“没有一个” 】 3.计量表达法：数量+单位+形容词。 The street is two kilometers long。 That boy can jump four meters away。(此处不用far, 见49) The fish is five kilos heavy。 The street is forty meters wide. This baby is only six months old。 若计量表达的后面跟有名词，则要用连字符，单位不用复数。 They dug an eight-meter-deep hole. /. I bought a 10-kilo-heavy fish。 It’s a piece of 2-meter-thick ice. / They built a 50-meter-wide street。 It’s a two-month holiday. She is a three-child mother. (最后两句计量中省略了形容词) 4. Must I / May I / Need I …? 用法：1Must I …? “我必须…吗？” A: Must I finish the work? B: Yes, you must. / No, you needn’t。 2 Need I…? “我有必要…吗？”或“我需要…吗？” A: Need I clean the house? B: Yes, you must. / No, you needn’t。 3 May I …? “我可以…吗？”表示请求。 A: May I go out for a walk now? B: Yes, you can. / No, you mustn’t / can’t。 5.hundred / thousand / million / billion: 前有具体数字，这些词不加s及of. 如： nine hundred people, ten thousand students等。 这些词前若无具体数字，后加s和of. 如： thousands of trees; many millions of people; hundreds of cars; billions of stars 但前若有several, 后常不加s和of：several million pounds 6.反意疑问句 (此处用QT表示反意疑问句后一部分内容) 的部分用法： 1something, nothing, anything, everything作主语，QT主语用it。 Something is wrong, isn’t it? / Nothing is difficult, is it? 2当主句中think的主语是第一人称时，QT要结合think后的从句而定： I think Lucy can do well in the exam, can’t she? I don’t think he will come here on time, will he? 3祈使句的QT一般用will you?(包括let us …。。)， 而Let’s …用shall we? Get up now, will you? Don’t be noisy, will you? Be quiet, will you? Please don’t talk, will you? Let us do it now, will you? Don’t talk in class, will you? Let’s do it now, shall we? Let’s sing a song, shall we? 4There be句型，QT主语用there。 —12— There is a man working in the field, isn’t there? There used to be a meeting on Friday, didn’t there? There won’t be a movie in the theatre, will there? 7.put on, wear, dress, in: 1put on,“穿上”后接物。表行为，是短暂动词。 You should put on your coat when you leave。 2wear,“穿，穿着”后接物，表状态，是延续性动词。 He always wears the yellow sweater in winter. I like wearing beautiful clothes。 3dress, “给…穿衣”后接人。You can dress yourself, baby。 Lucy is dressing her little brother now。 |
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