linux下安装Oracle instant client

燕之坞 2014-04-03

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操作系统是Redhat Enterprise Linux 5.2，需连接数据库，oracle安装程序提供的客户端太大了，有几百M，如果只需要数据库连接功能，可以使用instant client。下载以下3个包：
instantclient-basic-linux32-10.2.0.3-20061115.zip
instantclient-sdk-linux32-10.2.0.3-20061115.zip
instantclient-sqlplus-linux32-10.2.0.3-20061115.zip
      sqlplus是用来检验是否安装成功的。依次解压，得到一个统一的文件夹，instantclient_10_2。如我前面的文章DBArtisan无法加载OCI，配置好TNS_ADMIN、LD_LIBRARY_PATH等，复制.bashrc文件部分内容如下：
export ORACLE_HOME=/usr/local/oracle
export TNS_ADMIN=$ORACLE_HOME/NETWORK/ADMIN
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME
export SQLPATH=$ORACLE_HOME
export NLS_LANG=AMERICAN_AMERICA.ZHS16GBK
PATH=$PATH:$ORACLE_HOME
export PATH
      找一个配置好的tnsnames.ora文件放到TNS_ADMIN变量设置的位置，也就是/usr/local/oracle/NETWORK/ADMIN目录下。接下来就可以使用sqlplus验证是否安装成功。当我使用如下命令：sqlplus username/password@<连接字符串>测试时，系统提示段错误 (segmentation fault)。有提示解决方法如下：
1. cd /usr/bin (as root)
2. mv gcc gcc.script
3. mv g++ g++.script
4. ln -s gcc32 gcc
5. ln -s g++32 g++
6. login as oracle software owner (make sure environment is correct)
7. cd $ORACLE_HOME/bin
8. relink all
      首先，这个是64位系统的解决方法，其次，我在当前linux系统中找不到relink命令。后来，传说中的高人又出现了，一顿检查以后，得出结论如下，这个linux的内核版本太高了，instant client这个版本可能还不支持，于是建议安装instant client 11。
      下载如下文件：
instantclient-basic-linux32-11.2.0.1.zip
instantclient-sdk-linux32-11.2.0.1.zip
instantclient-sqlplus-linux32-11.2.0.1.zip
      操作步骤与上面一样，其实配置已经做好了，只需将原来instant client 的文件都删除，替换成instant client 11的文件就行。再使用sqlplus测试，连接成功。

以下是讨论不设置环境变量安装Oracle instant client的内容，先记录下来，有空再尝试。

Oracle's instructions specify setting LD_LIBRARY_PATH. This makes my application dependent on random users' configuration and is very troublesome to set up.

How can I avoid having to set any environment variables?

http://www.oracle.com/technology/software/tech/oci/instantclient/htdocs/linuxx86_64soft.html

related note for OS/X: http:///questions/684352

answer:

Add the library path to /etc/ld.so.conf, then run /sbin/ldconfig. You don't need to set LD_LIBRARY_PATH for libraries installed in standard locations like /usr/lib because these locations are already configured in /etc/ld.so.conf.

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Oracle's instantclient installation instructions specify that the user set LD_LIBRARY_PATH. This is very troublesome to manage for multiple users.

To use the instantclient without setting any environment variables:

Download the instantclient distribution from oracle.com. For doing non-java software development, you will need (assuming Oracle 10.2):

instantclient-basic-linux-x86_64-10.2.0.4.0.zip
instantclient-sdk-linux-x86_64-10.2.0.4.0.zip
instantclient-sqlplus-linux-x86_64-10.2.0.4.0.zip

Unzip the three files. This will give you a directory

instantclient_10_2/

Copy the files to /usr, which is one of the default places the dynamic loader searches.

sudo cp instantclient_10_2/sdk/include/*.h /usr/include
sudo cp instantclient_10_2/sqlplus         /usr/bin
sudo cp instantclient_10_2/*.so*           /usr/lib

If you use tnsnames.ora, copy it to /etc, which is the default global place the oracle runtime searches.

sudo cp tnsnames.ora /etc

Test with

/usr/bin/sqlplus scott/tiger@myoracle

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You could of course rename sqlplus to sqlplus.real and make a wrapper script:

#!/bin/sh

if [ "$LD_LIBRARY_PATH" = "" ]
then
        LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/what/ever
else
        LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$LD_LIBRARY_PATH:/what/ever
fi

export LD_LIBRARY_PATH

exec sqlplus.real ${1+"$@"}

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For anyone playing with Solaris (like me!) coming from a Linux background, I found that @David Phillips solution worked well using the Solaris command crle -u -l /opt/instantclient

Thanks to post http:///systemsadmin/solaris/articles/ld-path-customisation-on-solaris/