初中英语1600单词奇速记忆法 第一讲 英语是拼音文字,单词的读音和都拼写比较复杂。有的单词词形不同但读音相同,有的单词词形相似读音也相似,还有的单词有多种不同的词性和词义。正因为如此,初学英语时,我们会感到英语单词实在难背难记。同学们可能有这样的体会,在单词拼写、词义辨别、用法辨异中,往往就是那些形似词、音似词、义似词“从中作梗”,屡屡出错。 本部分的“串句速记法”,将两个形似词、音似词或义似词安排在同一句中,旨在引导同学们通过诵读例句,对比相似词语的读音、拼写和词义,快速而准确地掌握这些单词的用法。所给的这些例句,有的幽默有趣,有的朗朗上口,都具有极强的对比性。
1. trouble的词性 trouble有动词和名词两种词性。用作动词时,trouble的意思是“麻烦;打扰;(使)烦恼”;用作名词时,trouble主要作为不可数名词使用。诵读下面这个句子可速记trouble的词性:
这是个否定开头的祈使句,第1个和第4个trouble都是动词,其中第4个troubles是单数第三人称一般现在时的动词形式;第2和第3个trouble都是不可数名词。请再比较例句: It’s too bad of you to desert her in trouble. 你在她困难的时候抛弃她,真是太差劲了。 If I were you, I wouldn’t trouble him so much. 如果我是你的话,我是不会这么麻烦他的。 【趁热打铁】指出句中trouble的词性。 1) He always asks his friends for help when he has trouble. 2) Be a cheerful man and nothing can trouble you. 2. can的词性和词义 can可以用作情态动词,意思是“能;会”,也可以用作名词,意思是“金属罐”。另外,can还可以用作行为动词,意思是“装罐头;做罐头”。我们可以诵读下面这两个句子速记它的词性和词义: ![]() 【趁热打铁】指出句中can的词性。 3) Please say something about what you can do to protect the environment. 4) My father drinks a can of beer almost every day. 26. black与block辨异 black和block仅一个字母之差,但它们的词性和词义大不相同。black是形容词,意思是“黑色的”,block是名词,意思是“街区”。请诵读下面这个句子辨别它们的词性和词义:
You may hold on to the third block, then turn left. 你可以一直往前走,到第三个街区后向左拐。 【趁热打铁】选black或block完成句子。 51) A cat that can catch mice is a good cat, whether it is a ______ one or a white one. 52) He walked down his ______ and found a lot of stores. 29. plane与planet辨异
请再比较例句: Because of the snow, the pilot had to land the plane at an airport in another city. 由于大雪,飞行员只得把飞机降落到另一座城市的一个机场上。 Mars is also a planet that has water on its surface besides the earth. 除地球以外,火星也是一个存在表层水的行星。 【趁热打铁】选plane或planet完成句子。 57) It is reported that the scientists has discovered a new ______ in space. 58) We have to be checked at the airport an hour before our ______ took off. 60. aunt与ant辨异 如果你把“我婶婶”写为my ant,那你可就闹笑话了。aunt的意思是“婶婶、阿姨”,而ant的意思是“蚂蚁”。请诵读下面这个句子辨别它们的词义: 请再比较例句: I usually go shopping with my aunt. 我通常和我阿姨一起去购物。 A swimming pool full of water is an ocean to an ant. 灌满水的游泳池对蚂蚁来说简直就是海洋。 【趁热打铁】选aunt或ant完成句子。 119) She was so weak that she walked as slowly as an ______. 120) One afternoon an ______ of ours came to our house. 97. shake与snake辨异 shake和snake仅一个字母之差。有的同学在书写shake时,h的一竖写得很短,殊不知这样一写shake便变成了snake。shake是动词,意思是“摇动、抖动、震动”,snake是名词,意思是“蛇”。请诵读下面这个句子辨别它们的词性和词义:
We had to shake him for a long while to wake him up. 我们不得不摇晃了他半天才把他叫醒。 One day, a blind rabbit and a blind snake met each other. 有一天,一只瞎眼的兔子和一条瞎眼的蛇相遇了。 【趁热打铁】选shake或snake完成句子。 193) Soon the ______ woke up and gave the farmer a big bite. 194) I even forgot that he was waiting to ______ hands with me. 99. soap与soup辨异 soap和soup仅一个字母之差,读音听起来也很相近,在听力题中尤其容易混淆。soap的意思是“肥皂”,soup的意思是“汤”。请诵读下面这个句子辨别它们的词义: You should often wash your hands with soap and water. 你应该经常用肥皂和水清洗双手。 The hungry boy drank up the bowl of soup without a stop. 那个饥饿的男孩一口气喝光了那碗汤。 【趁热打铁】选soap或soup完成句子。 197) No one wants ______ in beer , but everyone wants the suds(泡沫). 198) The cook put some more salt into the ______ after he tasted it. 135. before long与long before辨异 Don’t worry. He will forget all about the matter before long. 别担心,不久以后他就会把这件事全忘记的。 In fact, the decision had been made long before you came here. 实际上,在你到来很久之前就已经做出这个决定了。 【趁热打铁】选before long或long before完成句子。 215) I have been asked this question several times ______. 216) He was sad no longer because he would see his daughter ______.
some time, sometime, some times和sometimes有分有合,time后有的有s,有的又没有s,特别容易混淆,难以辨别。我们可以用下面的“歌诀”速记它们的词义: You should play with your pet for some time every day. 每天你应该和你的宠物一起玩一段时间。 I need some time to deal with this problem. 我需要一些时间来处理这个问题。 二、无s的合并为“他日”:合在一起的sometime,其意思是“他日、有朝一日、将来某个时候”。请看例句: You will have to tell us the truth sometime. 你总有一天得把事实真相告诉我们。 I hope I can have another chance to stay with you sometime in the future. 我希望将来某个时候能有机会再一次和大家相聚。 三、有s的分开表“几次”:分开写的some times,其意思是“几次”。请看例句: I was praised by our teacher some times. 我有好几次受到老师的表扬。 He went home to see his mother for some times a year. 一年当中,他回家探望他妈妈好几次。 四、有s的合并为“有时”:合在一起的sometimes,其意思是“有时”。请看例句: An earthquake sometimes causes great damage. 地震有时会造成重大损失。 Sometimes, our English teacher wrote the answers on the blackboard. 有时候,我们的英语老师把答案写在黑板上。 【趁热打铁】根据每题汉语意思,用some time, sometime, some times, sometimes完成英语句子。 206) 过了一会儿,那服务员回来了,手里拿着一瓶牛奶。 After __________, the waiter came back with a bottle of milk in her hand. 207) 我叔叔已经去伦敦好几次了。 My uncle has been to London __________. 208) 有时候沉默就是最好的回答。 __________ silence is the best answer. 209) 我希望能在不久的将来去北京。 210) 她休息了一会儿,又继续工作了。 158. besides, except, except for与except that用法辨异 虽然besides, except, except for, except that都表示“除了……之外”,然而用法却不相同,特别容易混淆。我们可以运用下面的“歌诀”速记它们的用法区别: 一、besides属“A + B” besides表示“除了……之外”时,真正含义是“除了……之外,还有……”,属“A+B”关系,besides前常有other, also等词。请看例句: Many other workers can do the work well besides her. 除她之外,其他许多工人也能做好这项工作。 I also know those five words besides this one. 除了这个单词外,我还认识那五个单词。 二、except属“整减一” except表示“整体中减去一部分”,属“A-B”关系,except前通常有all, everyone, every day, everywhere等表示“整体概念”的词语。请看例句: I looked everywhere except in the bedroom. 除了卧室外,我到处都找遍了。 I agree to all your proposals except the last. 我接受你所有的建议,但最后一条除外。 三、except for“找瑕疵” except for也表示“除…以外”,但指的是对某种基本情况进行具体的细节方面的修正。它同except的区别是:except后接的词同整体词(即主语)一般是同类,指在同类的整体中除去一个部分,而except for后接的词同句子中的整体词(即主语)不是同类的,指从整体中除去一个细节或一个方面。请看例句:I can answer all the questions except for the last one. 除了最后一题外,所有题目我都可以解答。 Your writing is good except for a few grammar mistakes. 除了几处语法错误外,你的作文写得很好。 四、except that“接从句” except that后接的是“句子”,即“except + that从句”,表达的概念与except for相同。请看例句: The suit fitted him well except that the color was a little brighter. 这套衣服他穿了很合身,只是颜色鲜艳了点。 I know nothing about the young lady except that she is from Beijing. 对于那位年轻女士的情况,除了知道她是来自北京外,其它的我一概不知。 【温馨提示】 ★ except for与except that有时可互相转换。例如: (1)Your composition is very good except for a few spelling mistakes. (2)The village is very quiet except for some birds singing in the woods. =The village is very quiet except that there are some birds singing in the woods. ★ except后也可接when, where, what等从句。例如: I know nothing about the accident except what I have read in the newspaper. 对这一事故,我除了在报上看到的情况外,其它的什么也不知道。 Bamboo grows well except where it is cold and dry. 竹子除了在寒冷、干旱的地方外,都会长得很好。 Mr. Green usually goes to work on foot except when it rains. 除了下雨天外,格林先生通常都是步行去上班。 【趁热打铁】根据每题汉语意思,用besides, except, except for, except that, except when, except what或except where完成英语句子。 300) 一间房子,你怎么改都行,就是不能改它的地点。 301) 除了李明之外,我们班所有的学生考试都通过了。 All the students in my class passed the exam ________ Li Ming. 302) 我除了打乒乓球外,还打篮球和踢足球。 I play basketball and soccer ________ table tennis. 303) 你的作文写得很好,只是有几处拼写错误。 304) 衣服做好了,只是钮扣未缝上。 305) 除了荣誉以外, 他还得了一笔钱。 用“歌诀”识记单词的词形、词义和用法,可化枯燥为有趣,化繁琐为简洁。本部分介绍的“歌诀”或“顺口溜”速记法,有的是词形、词义形象识记,有的是词义、用法趣味识记,同学们可不妨一试。 1. money与monkey的拼写与词义 money和monkey只有一个字母之差,有趣的是monkey(猴)是money(钱)中多了一个“k”。我们可以用下面这个“歌诀”速记它们的拼写和词义: They used up all their money in less than three months. 不到三个月,他们就把所有的钱都花完了。 Let me tell you a story about a clever little monkey. 我来给你讲一个关于一只聪明小猴子的故事。 【趁热打铁】选money或monkey完成句子。 1) He gave me a book, a pen and some ______ as well. 2) One day, the old man bought a ______ from the market. 2. county与country的拼写与词义 county和country只有一个字母之差,可巧的是country(国家)是county(县)中多了一个“r”。我们可以用下面这个“歌诀”速 记它们的拼写和词义: They hurried through the work and started off for the county town. 他们赶忙把工作做完,然后动身到县城去。 We have achieved great success in the cause of building up our country. 我们在建设我们国家的事业中取得了巨大的成就。 【趁热打铁】选county或country完成句子。 3) I like that ______, but I have no chance to go there. 4) Our small town is close to the ______ town. 4. push与pull的拼写与词义 push表示“推”,pull表示“拉”,有时我们容易混淆词义。pull的词形很有意思,结尾的两个“ll”就像两根绳子,有绳子的便为“拉”。我们可以用下面这个表示“形象”的顺口溜速记它们的拼写和词义:
【趁热打铁】选push或pull完成句子。 7) I can ______ you up again when you call out to me. 8) She asked the man whether he could give her a ______. 5. lock与clock的拼写与词义 lock用作名词时意思是“锁”,用作动词时意思是“锁;锁门;锁定”;clock是名词,意思是“钟”。很有意思的是,lock前加个c,“锁”便变成了“钟”。请用下面的“顺口溜”辨别它们的含义: 请看例句: At that moment he heard Gill's key turning in the lock of the door. 那时他听到吉尔的钥匙在门锁里转动的声音。I like to stay up until midnight or even later on my natural clock. 我很喜欢熬夜, 一直到午夜或者更晚,这是我的生物钟。 【趁热打铁】选lock或clock完成句子。 9) The ______ is old and doesn’t tell the right time now. 10) Don’t foget to ______ all the doors when you leave home. It began to rain when the climbers reached the top of the mountain. 那些登山者到达山顶时,天开始下雨了。 I was going to phone you when I got to Beijing, but I forgot because I was too busy. 我本打算一到北京就给你打电话,但由于我太忙而忘记了。 【趁热打铁】选reach, get或arrive并用适当时态完成句子。 25) Some reports say that she ______ in Paris only three weeks ago. 26) When I ______ to the railway station, the train had gone. 27) Mary didn’t tell me when she ______ London. 28) They ______ at the small island in a small boat. 8. have gone to与have been to的区别 “have/has gone to+某地”与“have/has been to+某地”极易混淆。“have/has gone to+某地”表示“某人已经到某地去了,但尚未回来”;“have/has been to+某地”表示“某人曾经到某地去过,已经回来了”。我们可以用下面的“歌诀”速记它们的用法区别:
◎ —I can’t find Jack. Do you know where he is? 我找不到杰克,你知道他在哪儿吗? —He has gone to Shanghai. He left here yesterday. He will come back in a week. 他到上海去了。他是昨天离开这儿的,将在一个星期后回来。 ◎ —Have you ever been to England? 你去过英国吗? —Yes, I have. I went there three years ago. 去过,三年前去的。 【趁热打铁】A) 选have/has gone to或have/has been to完成句子。 29) He ______ Shanghai several times since 1998. 30) They are not here. They ______ Australia. 31) She ______ Canada and will stay there for two months. 32) We ______ the Science Museum only once. B) 选have been, has been, have gone或has gone完成对话。 33. —Where is Wang Tao? 34. —Where are Li Ming and Wu dong? 35. —Do you know where Kate is? —Yes. She ________ to the cinema with her friends. 36. —Have you ever been to the Mount Lu before? 37. —Is Mr. Wang at home? 38. —I haven’t seen your parents recently. 39. —Does your elder brother know Changsha very well? 40. —May I speak to the manager? 41. —Mary likes that restaurant very much, doesn’t she? 42. —Have you ever been to Shanghai before? 9. do with与deal with用法辨异 do with和deal with都可以表示“对付、处理”,但do with与what连用,而deal with则与how连用。请用下面“顺口溜”辨别它们的用法:
What did you do with the money? 你是怎么处理那笔钱的? How did you deal with the letter? 你是怎么处理那封信的? 【趁热打铁】A) 选do with或deal with完成句子。 43) How shall we ______ these new challenges? 44) What can we ______ all of the information? 45) They will discuss how to ______ these characters. 46) You should decide what to ______ the money. B) 根据每题汉语意思,填词完成英语句子。 47) 他们询问我们怎样和顾客打交道。 48) 那就是他们如何处置那些变质牛奶的。 49) 他们马上知道了怎样处理那条信息。 50) 他们教他怎样处理那些问题。 10. spend, take与cost表示“花费” 虽然spend, take和cost都可以表示“花费”,但用法却不相同。spend表示“花费”时,要用“人”作“主语”;take和cost表示“花费”时,“人”通常是take或cost的“宾语”。我们可以用下面的“顺口溜”速记它们的用法区别: 请比较例句: John spent eighty dollars on the dictionary. 约翰买那本词典花了八十美元。 I spent an hour (in) working out this problem. 我花了一个小时才算出这道难题。 He spent years in the forest, but he didn’t find the plant. 他在森林里度过了好多年,但是他还是没有找到那种植物。 It takes me about two hours to do my homework every day. 我每天大约要花两个小时来完成家庭作业。 It took him two hours to get there by train. 坐火车到那里花了他两个小时的时间。 The house cost them a large sum of money. 这座房子花去他们一大笔钱。 They told me it would be cheap, but in fact it cost me nearly 500 yuan. 他们说它会很便宜,但实际上它却花了我将近500元钱。 【温馨提示】 1.并非每个take或cost后都必须接“人”作宾语,在无需提到宾语时,take后可用“时间、毅力”等作宾语,cost后可用“金钱”作宾语。请看例句: It takes at least two hours go there by bus. 坐公共汽车去那儿至少要花两个小时。 It takes time and perseverance to master the skills. 要精通这些技巧,需要花费时间和毅力。 How much does it cost to send this to Shanghai? 把这个东西寄到上海要花多少钱? It will cost you a lot of money to buy a house in this part of the city. 在本市的这个地段买房子将要花费你一大笔钱。 2.cost还可以表示“以(牺牲)……为代价”,结构式cost sb. their life/job/ career。请看例句: It cost him his life to drive after drinking. 酒后驾车让他付出了生命的代价。 The man’s rude behavior cost him his job. 这个人的粗鲁行为让他付出了失去工作的代价。 Her marriage cost her career. 她的婚姻使她放弃了职业。 【趁热打铁】A) 选spend, take或cost并用适当时态完成句子。 51) She ______ thousands of dollars on advertising that did not work. 52) It ______ me a second to recognize him when I saw him. 53) It ______ her ten thousand dollars to buy the dress. 54) They ______ one year together in the United States. 55) It ______ my father about 35 minutes to get to the office every morning. 56) That suit hanging over there ______ me a lot of money. B) 根据每题汉语意思,填词完成英语句子。 57) 这错误使公司损失了一百万英镑。 The error ________ the company one million pounds. 58) 我去购物,把我所带的钱都买了衣服。 59) 他们每天花半小时进行体育锻炼。 60) 我们花了长达六年时间才学会英语。 61) 修建那座大桥花了他们两年时间。 62) 修理这台收音机将要花费你20美元。 It will ________ you twenty dollars to get the radio repaired. 63) 你知道这个月我们花了多少钱吗? 64) 他费了很长时间才到达山顶。 65) 他们花了很多钱为他们的新产品做广告。 66). 取得一个驾驶执照需要多少钱? How much does it ________ to get a driving license. 17. such与so的用法区别 such和so都可以表示“如此、那样”,然而,它们后面“冠词、形容词和名词”的词序不同,很容易混淆。我们可以用下面的“歌诀”速记它们的词序及用法: 一、“such先‘冠’后‘形’”的意思是:such后的词序是“冠词+形容词+名词”。请看例句: It was such a lovely day that all my friends went for a picnic that day. 那天天气是那么好,我所有的朋友都出去野餐了。 After all, it was not normal or healthy to have such a narrow interest. 毕竟,仅有这样一个狭窄的兴趣是不正常或是不健康的。 二、“so先‘形’后‘冠’”的意思是:so后的词序是“形容词+冠词+名词”。请看例句: It was so hot lovely a day that all my friends went swimming that day. 那天天气是那么热,我所有的朋友都去游泳了。 Never have we seen so bright a future before us. 我们从来都没有看到过这样光明的前途。 三、“无‘冠’便用such”的意思是:如果后面的名词是复数或是不可数名词,则只能与such连用,不能用so。请看例句: What fun it is to go hiking in such warm spring days! 在这么温暖的春天里去远足该多有意思啊!(days属复数形式,不能与不定冠词a或an连用,因此只能用such,不能用so。) I wonder whether he will come in such bad weather. 天气这么糟糕,我不知他是否会来。(whether属不可数名词,不能与不定冠词a或an连用,因此只能用such,不能用so。) 四、“有‘冠’可以转换”的意思是:“such+冠词+形容词+名词”可以转换为“so+形容词+冠词+名词”的形式。例如: She is such a good teacher that we all like her. 她是那么好的老师,我们大家都喜欢她。(可以转换为:She is so good a teacher that we all like her.) I have never met such a kind person before. 我以前从未遇到过心肠如此之好的人。(可以转换为:I have never met so kind a person before.) 【温馨提示】如果形容词是表示“多、少”的much, many, little, few,则只能与so连用。注意:little表示“小的”时,依然与such连用。请看例句: It is silly of you to spend so much money on cigarettes. 你把这么多的钱花在香烟上真是太蠢了。 With so many people to help him, he is sure to succeed. 有如此多的人来帮助他,他一定会成功的。 Don’t spend so much time playing computer games. 不要把那么多时间都花在玩电脑游戏上。 Can such little animals eat up so much food? 这么小的动物能吃掉这么多的食物吗? It is impossible for so few workers to do so much work in a single day. 让这么少的工人在一天中完成那么多工作是不可能的。 32. 巧记基数词变序数词的特殊变化 英语基数词变为序数词时,绝大部分是在基数词的词尾加th,表示“整十”的20~90的基数词则是变y为ie后再加th。例如: four—fourth hundred—hundredth twenty—twentieth fifty—fiftieth eighty—eightieth 然而,five, eight, nine, twelve等基数词在变成序数词时,要对原词型做些变化后才能再加th。另外,one, two, three序数词变化形式更为特殊。我们可以运用下面的“歌诀”速记这些基数词变序数词的变化形式: 即:nine—ninth; eight—eighth 记住这些特殊变化后,其它基数词变序数词的规律就很容易记住了:在词尾直接加th。 【温馨提示】序数词有相应的缩略形式。例如: fourth—4th first—1st thirty-first—31st 【趁热打铁】A) 写出下列各基数词的序数词: 107)eight ________ 108)sixty ________ 109)ninety-nine ________ 110)three thousand and five ________ B) 写出下列各缩略词的完整形式: 111)105th ________ 112)43rd ________ 113)74th ________ 114)11th ________ 51. little, a little, few与a few的用法 从词义到用法,little和a little,few和a few这两组词都是比较容易混淆的。a little和a few都表示“肯定”意义,即表示“有一点儿……”和“有一些……”,而没有a的little和few都表示“否定”意义,即“几乎没有……”;few和a few后接的都是可数名词,而little和a little后接的都是不可数名词。我们可以运用下面的“歌诀”辨别它们的用法:
There is a little water in the bottle. 瓶子里有点水。(a little表示“肯定”意义,后面接的是不可数名词。) There is little water in the bottle. 瓶子里几乎没有水了。(little表示“否定”意义,后面接的是不可数名词。) They have a few good friends. 他们有几个好朋友。(a few表示“肯定”意义,后面接的是可数名词。) They have few good friends. 他们几乎没有好朋友。(few表示“否定”意义,后面接的是可数名词。) 【趁热打铁】选little, a little, few或a few完成句子。 167) I held a dinner party for ______ close workmates. 168) The young lady drinks ______, and eats less. 169) He does business with a lot of people, but he has ______ real friends. 170) Let me tell you ______ history of my hometown. 171) Tom made ______ progress in his studies so his parents were very angry. 172) How about adding ______ sugar to your milk to make it sweeter? 173) Too much rain results in poor plants and ______ vegetables. 174) He is as busy as a bee, so he spends ______ time watching TV. 175) The fact is that everyone needs ______ help now and then. 176) Your composition is good except for ______ spelling mistakes.
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