mini2440 uboot使用nfs方式引导内核，文件系统成于坚持，败于止步 看了一段时间的u-boot了，到今天才真正完全实现u-boot引导内核和文件系统，顺利开机，在此记录完整过程 1、首先如果你u-boot还没有一直也没有关系，这里上传了一个已经移植好的u-boot，版本问2010.03，多谢tekkaman分享的这个源码 分享下载地址： u-boot-2010.03 编译uboot的过程就不在多说了，解压到你希望的目录下执行make，当时事前安装好交叉编译工具，这个相信大家都会 编译完成之后生成uboot.bin文件，使用mini2440自带的USB下载方式下载到开发板，选择v命令下载即可 开机界面如下，你的可能不完全显示的一样，这是经过我修改的 U-Boot 2010.03 (Jun 20 2013 - 08:43:59) Modified by Seal (king_haitao@163.com) Study Linux and love linux forever!! Study u-boot I2C: ready DRAM: 64 MB Flash: 2 MB NAND: 256 MiB Video: 240x320x16 20kHz 62Hz In: serial Out: serial Err: serial USB slave is enable! Net: dm9000 Hit any key to stop autoboot: 0 [u-boot@MINI2440]# 然后就要开始考虑怎么下载内核了，不错，要引导内核首先你需要把内核下载的你的内存中，那么首先配置好你的下载环境是最重要的 2、linux nfs安装与配置 在ubuntu下安装、配置nfs服务的步骤如下： 安装nfs Ubuntu上默认是没有安装nfs服务器的，因此我们首先安装nfs服务器端： $sudo apt-get install nfs-kernel-server 在一些文档中，提出还需要使用apt-get来手动安装nfs的客户端nfs-common，以及端口映射器portmap，但其实这是没有必要的，因为在安装nfs-kernel-server时，apt会自动为我们把它们安装好。 配置/etc/exports nfs允许挂载的目录及权限在文件/etc/exports中进行了定义。 例如，我们要将根目录下的rootfs目录共享出来，那么我们需要在/etc/exports文件末尾添加如下一行： /rootfs *(rw,sync,no_root_squash) 其中： /rootfs是要共享的目录，*代表允许所有的网络段访问，rw是可读写权限,sync是资料同步写入内存和硬盘，no_root_squash是nfs客户端分享目录使用者的权限，如果客户端使用的是root用户，那么对于该共享目录而言，该客户端就具有root权限。 nfs的安装如果大家还有疑问网上可以多查查 接下就要配置pc端和我们开发板端的ip等，以达到我们使用nfs这种方式下载image的目的 3、配置开发板ip和主机ip 我的配置参数： 开发板ip：192.168.1.102 主机ip(pc端ip)：192.168.1.103 uboot启动起来的使用printenv查看默认参数，包括开发板ip、server ip，还有其他一些启动参数 [u-boot@MINI2440]# printenv bootdelay=5 baudrate=115200 ethaddr=08:08:11:18:12:27 netmask=255.255.255.0 tekkaman=bmp d 70000 stdin=serial stdout=serial stderr=serial ethact=dm9000 ipaddr=192.168.1.102 serverip=192.168.1.103 gatewayip=192.168.1.1 bootcmd=nfs 0x30008000 192.168.1.103:/root/tftpboot/w35_image.img ;bootm 30008000 bootargs=root=/dev/nfs rw nfsroot=192.168.1.103:/root/tftpboot/rootfs ip=192.168.1.102:192.168.1.1::255.255.255.0 console=ttySAC0,115200 init=/linuxrc mem=64M Environment size: 460/131068 bytes [u-boot@MINI2440]# 上面打印出来的参数请参照设置，特别是以下说到的几个参数格外小心，他们直接关系到你的image是否可以成功下载，成功被引导，文件系统是否成功挂载并启动 其实为了使用nfs而设定的参数为以下以下几个：ipaddr（开发板ip） serverip（pc端作为服务器的ip） gatewayip（使主机ip和开发板ip在同一个网段内） bootcmd用于启动时下载image到指定的内存地址，同时使用bootm命令引导内核启动 bootargs 用于使用nfs方式挂载我们创建好的文件系统 其他参数从字面大家也可以理解，设置方法很简单，举例说明，设置bootcmd的方法 setenv bootcmd 'nfs 0x30008000 192.168.1.103:/root/tftpboot/w35_image.img \;bootm 30008000' 其他设置方法依次类推，值得注意的是：设置完成必须保持到内存，下一次启动才会生效，使用saveenv命令 4、如何实现使用nfs下载image到指定内存 首先需要制作能被u-boot直接引导的内核image，通常，kernel的启动需要u-boot提供一些参数信息，比如ramdisk在RAM中的地址。经过编译后的u-boot在根目录下的tools目录中，会有个叫做mkimage的工具，他可以给zImage添加一个header，也就是说使得通常我们编译的内核zImage添加一个数据头信息部分，我们把添加头后的image通常叫uImage，uImage是可以被u-boot直接引导的内核镜像。 mkimage工具的使用介绍如下： 使用: 中括号括起来的是可选的 先将u-boot下的tools中的mkimage复制到主机的/usr/local/bin目录下，这样就可以在主机的任何目录下使用该工具了。 首先请确认你的uboot配置信息是否与我上面说到的一致，很重中，决定成败 现在我们进入kernel生成目录(一般是arch/arm/boot目录)，然后执行如下命令，就会在该目录下生成一个uImage.img的镜像文件，把他复制到你的nfs配置好的目录下，我的是/root/tftpboot，这就是我们所说的uImage。当然你现在不想编译内核也没有关系，使用mini2440自带的image，我的是zImage_W35，打开终端，现操作如下： root@ubuntu:~/tftpboot# ls file rootfs u-boot.bin uImage zImage_W35 root@ubuntu:~/tftpboot# mkimage -n 'mini2440_linux' -A arm -O linux -T kernel -C none -a 0x30008000 -e 0x30008040 -d zImage_W35 w35_image.img Image Name: mini2440_linux Created: Fri Jun 21 08:37:58 2013 Image Type: ARM Linux Kernel Image (uncompressed) Data Size: 2266616 Bytes = 2213.49 kB = 2.16 MB Load Address: 30008000 Entry Point: 30008040 root@ubuntu:~/tftpboot# ls file rootfs u-boot.bin uImage w35_image.img zImage_W35 root@ubuntu:~/tftpboot# chmod 777 w35_image.img root@ubuntu:~/tftpboot# ls file rootfs u-boot.bin uImage w35_image.img zImage_W35 root@ubuntu:~/tftpboot#一定要记住修改文件的可执行权限，否则下载时可能提示你找不到文件，我最终生成的image名字就是w35_image.img 接下来你可以重启开发板看结果了 U-Boot 2010.03 (Jun 20 2013 - 08:43:59) Modified by Wang,Hai-Tao (king_haitao@163.com) Study Linux and love linux forever!! Study u-boot I2C: ready DRAM: 64 MB Flash: 2 MB NAND: 256 MiB Video: 240x320x16 20kHz 62Hz In: serial Out: serial Err: serial USB slave is enable! Net: dm9000 Hit any key to stop autoboot: 0 dm9000 i/o: 0x20000300, id: 0x90000a46 DM9000: running in 16 bit mode MAC: 08:08:11:18:12:27 operating at 100M full duplex mode Using dm9000 device File transfer via NFS from server 192.168.1.103; our IP address is 192.168.1.102 Filename '/root/tftpboot/w35_image.img'. Load address: 0x30008000 Loading: ################################################################# ################################################################# ################################################################# ################################################################# ################################################################# ################################################################# ##################################################### done Bytes transferred = 2266680 (229638 hex) ## Booting kernel from Legacy Image at 30008000 ... Image Name: mini2440 Created: 2013-06-20 16:34:41 UTC Image Type: ARM Linux Kernel Image (uncompressed) Data Size: 2266616 Bytes = 2.2 MB Load Address: 30008000 Entry Point: 30008040 Verifying Checksum ... OK XIP Kernel Image ... OK OK Starting kernel ... Uncompressing Linux................................................................................................................................................... done, booting the kernel. Linux version 2.6.32.2-FriendlyARM (root@localhost.localdomain) (gcc version 4.4.3 (ctng-1.6.1) ) #18 Wed Apr 13 20:06:31 HKT 2011 CPU: ARM920T [41129200] revision 0 (ARMv4T), cr=c0007177 CPU: VIVT data cache, VIVT instruction cache Machine: FriendlyARM Mini2440 development board Memory policy: ECC disabled, Data cache writeback CPU S3C2440A (id 0x32440001) S3C24XX Clocks, (c) 2004 Simtec Electronics S3C244X: core 405.000 MHz, memory 101.250 MHz, peripheral 50.625 MHz CLOCK: Slow mode (1.500 MHz), fast, MPLL on, UPLL on Built 1 zonelists in Zone order, mobility grouping on. Total pages: 16256 Kernel command line: root=/dev/nfs rw nfsroot=192.168.1.103:/root/tftpboot/rootfs ip=192.168.1.102:192.168.1.1::255.255.255.0 console=ttySAC0,115200 init=/linuxrc mem=64M PID hash table entries: 256 (order: -2, 1024 bytes) Dentry cache hash table entries: 8192 (order: 3, 32768 bytes) Inode-cache hash table entries: 4096 (order: 2, 16384 bytes) Memory: 64MB = 64MB total Memory: 60084KB available (4176K code, 451K data, 156K init, 0K highmem) SLUB: Genslabs=11, HWalign=32, Order=0-3, MinObjects=0, CPUs=1, Nodes=1 Hierarchical RCU implementation. NR_IRQS:85 irq: clearing pending status 02000000 irq: clearing subpending status 00000002 Console: colour dummy device 80x30 console [ttySAC0] enabled Calibrating delay loop... 201.93 BogoMIPS (lpj=504832) Mount-cache hash table entries: 512 CPU: Testing write buffer coherency: ok NET: Registered protocol family 16 S3C2440: Initialising architecture S3C2440: IRQ Support S3C24XX DMA Driver, (c) 2003-2004,2006 Simtec Electronics DMA channel 0 at c4808000, irq 33 DMA channel 1 at c4808040, irq 34 DMA channel 2 at c4808080, irq 35 DMA channel 3 at c48080c0, irq 36 S3C244X: Clock Support, DVS off bio: create slab <bio-0> at 0 SCSI subsystem initialized usbcore: registered new interface driver usbfs usbcore: registered new interface driver hub usbcore: registered new device driver usb s3c-i2c s3c2440-i2c: slave address 0x10 s3c-i2c s3c2440-i2c: bus frequency set to 98 KHz s3c-i2c s3c2440-i2c: i2c-0: S3C I2C adapter NET: Registered protocol family 2 IP route cache hash table entries: 1024 (order: 0, 4096 bytes) TCP established hash table entries: 2048 (order: 2, 16384 bytes) TCP bind hash table entries: 2048 (order: 1, 8192 bytes) TCP: Hash tables configured (established 2048 bind 2048) TCP reno registered NET: Registered protocol family 1 RPC: Registered udp transport module. RPC: Registered tcp transport module. RPC: Registered tcp NFSv4.1 backchannel transport module. NetWinder Floating Point Emulator V0.97 (double precision) yaffs Apr 13 2011 18:29:56 Installing. msgmni has been set to 117 alg: No test for stdrng (krng) io scheduler noop registered (default) Console: switching to colour frame buffer device 40x15 fb0: s3c2410fb frame buffer device backlight initialized leds initialized buttons initialized pwm initialized adc initialized s3c2440-uart.0: s3c2410_serial0 at MMIO 0x50000000 (irq = 70) is a S3C2440 s3c2440-uart.1: s3c2410_serial1 at MMIO 0x50004000 (irq = 73) is a S3C2440 s3c2440-uart.2: s3c2410_serial2 at MMIO 0x50008000 (irq = 76) is a S3C2440 loop: module loaded S3C24XX NAND Driver, (c) 2004 Simtec Electronics s3c24xx-nand s3c2440-nand: Tacls=3, 29ns Twrph0=7 69ns, Twrph1=3 29ns s3c24xx-nand s3c2440-nand: NAND soft ECC NAND device: Manufacturer ID: 0xec, Chip ID: 0xda (Samsung NAND 256MiB 3,3V 8-bit) Scanning device for bad blocks Creating 5 MTD partitions on "NAND 256MiB 3,3V 8-bit": 0x000000000000-0x000000040000 : "supervivi" 0x000000040000-0x000000060000 : "param" 0x000000060000-0x000000560000 : "Kernel" 0x000000560000-0x000040560000 : "root" mtd: partition "root" extends beyond the end of device "NAND 256MiB 3,3V 8-bit" -- size truncated to 0xfaa0000 0x000000000000-0x000040000000 : "nand" mtd: partition "nand" extends beyond the end of device "NAND 256MiB 3,3V 8-bit" -- size truncated to 0x10000000 dm9000 Ethernet Driver, V1.31 eth0: dm9000e at c4814300,c4818304 IRQ 51 MAC: 08:90:90:90:90:90 (chip) ohci_hcd: USB 1.1 'Open' Host Controller (OHCI) Driver s3c2410-ohci s3c2410-ohci: S3C24XX OHCI s3c2410-ohci s3c2410-ohci: new USB bus registered, assigned bus number 1 s3c2410-ohci s3c2410-ohci: irq 42, io mem 0x49000000 usb usb1: New USB device found, idVendor=1d6b, idProduct=0001 usb usb1: New USB device strings: Mfr=3, Product=2, SerialNumber=1 usb usb1: Product: S3C24XX OHCI usb usb1: Manufacturer: Linux 2.6.32.2-FriendlyARM ohci_hcd usb usb1: SerialNumber: s3c24xx usb usb1: configuration #1 chosen from 1 choice hub 1-0:1.0: USB hub found hub 1-0:1.0: 2 ports detected Initializing USB Mass Storage driver... usbcore: registered new interface driver usb-storage USB Mass Storage support registered. usbcore: registered new interface driver ums-alauda usbcore: registered new interface driver ums-cypress usbcore: registered new interface driver ums-datafab usbcore: registered new interface driver ums-freecom usbcore: registered new interface driver ums-isd200 usbcore: registered new interface driver ums-jumpshot usbcore: registered new interface driver ums-karma usbcore: registered new interface driver ums-onetouch usbcore: registered new interface driver ums-sddr09 usbcore: registered new interface driver ums-sddr55 usbcore: registered new interface driver ums-usbat usbcore: registered new interface driver usbserial USB Serial support registered for generic usbcore: registered new interface driver usbserial_generic usbserial: USB Serial Driver core USB Serial support registered for aircable usbcore: registered new interface driver aircable USB Serial support registered for ark3116 usbcore: registered new interface driver ark3116 USB Serial support registered for Belkin / Peracom / GoHubs USB Serial Adapter usbcore: registered new interface driver belkin belkin_sa: v1.2:USB Belkin Serial converter driver USB Serial support registered for ch341-uart usbcore: registered new interface driver ch341 USB Serial support registered for cp210x usbcore: registered new interface driver cp210x cp210x: v0.09:Silicon Labs CP210x RS232 serial adaptor driver USB Serial support registered for Reiner SCT Cyberjack USB card reader usbcore: registered new interface driver cyberjack cyberjack: v1.01 Matthias Bruestle cyberjack: REINER SCT cyberJack pinpad/e-com USB Chipcard Reader Driver USB Serial support registered for DeLorme Earthmate USB USB Serial support registered for HID->COM RS232 Adapter USB Serial support registered for Nokia CA-42 V2 Adapter usbcore: registered new interface driver cypress cypress_m8: v1.09:Cypress USB to Serial Driver USB Serial support registered for Digi 2 port USB adapter USB Serial support registered for Digi 4 port USB adapter usbcore: registered new interface driver digi_acceleport digi_acceleport: v1.80.1.2:Digi AccelePort USB-2/USB-4 Serial Converter driver USB Serial support registered for Edgeport 2 port adapter USB Serial support registered for Edgeport 4 port adapter USB Serial support registered for Edgeport 8 port adapter USB Serial support registered for EPiC device usbcore: registered new interface driver io_edgeport io_edgeport: v2.7:Edgeport USB Serial Driver USB Serial support registered for Edgeport TI 1 port adapter USB Serial support registered for Edgeport TI 2 port adapter usbcore: registered new interface driver io_ti io_ti: v0.7mode043006:Edgeport USB Serial Driver USB Serial support registered for empeg usbcore: registered new interface driver empeg empeg: v1.2:USB Empeg Mark I/II Driver USB Serial support registered for FTDI USB Serial Device usbcore: registered new interface driver ftdi_sio ftdi_sio: v1.5.0:USB FTDI Serial Converters Driver USB Serial support registered for funsoft usbcore: registered new interface driver funsoft USB Serial support registered for Garmin GPS usb/tty usbcore: registered new interface driver garmin_gps garmin_gps: v0.33:garmin gps driver USB Serial support registered for hp4X usbcore: registered new interface driver hp4X hp4x: v1.00:HP4x (48/49) Generic Serial driver USB Serial support registered for PocketPC PDA usbcore: registered new interface driver ipaq ipaq: v0.5:USB PocketPC PDA driver USB Serial support registered for IPWireless converter usbcore: registered new interface driver ipwtty ipw: v0.3:IPWireless tty driver USB Serial support registered for IR Dongle usbcore: registered new interface driver ir-usb ir_usb: v0.4:USB IR Dongle driver USB Serial support registered for iuu_phoenix usbcore: registered new interface driver iuu_phoenix iuu_phoenix: v0.11:Infinity USB Unlimited Phoenix driver USB Serial support registered for Keyspan - (without firmware) USB Serial support registered for Keyspan 1 port adapter USB Serial support registered for Keyspan 2 port adapter USB Serial support registered for Keyspan 4 port adapter usbcore: registered new interface driver keyspan keyspan: v1.1.5:Keyspan USB to Serial Converter Driver USB Serial support registered for Keyspan PDA USB Serial support registered for Keyspan PDA - (prerenumeration) USB Serial support registered for Xircom / Entregra PGS - (prerenumeration) usbcore: registered new interface driver keyspan_pda keyspan_pda: v1.1:USB Keyspan PDA Converter driver USB Serial support registered for KL5KUSB105D / PalmConnect usbcore: registered new interface driver kl5kusb105d kl5kusb105: v0.3a:KLSI KL5KUSB105 chipset USB->Serial Converter driver USB Serial support registered for KOBIL USB smart card terminal usbcore: registered new interface driver kobil kobil_sct: 21/05/2004:KOBIL USB Smart Card Terminal Driver (experimental) USB Serial support registered for MCT U232 usbcore: registered new interface driver mct_u232 mct_u232: z2.1:Magic Control Technology USB-RS232 converter driver USB Serial support registered for Moschip 2 port adapter mos7720: 1.0.0.4F:Moschip USB Serial Driver usbcore: registered new interface driver moschip7720 USB Serial support registered for Moschip 7840/7820 USB Serial Driver mos7840: 1.3.2:Moschip 7840/7820 USB Serial Driver usbcore: registered new interface driver mos7840 USB Serial support registered for moto-modem usbcore: registered new interface driver moto-modem USB Serial support registered for navman usbcore: registered new interface driver navman USB Serial support registered for ZyXEL - omni.net lcd plus usb usbcore: registered new interface driver omninet omninet: v1.1:USB ZyXEL omni.net LCD PLUS Driver USB Serial support registered for opticon usbcore: registered new interface driver opticon USB Serial support registered for GSM modem (1-port) usbcore: registered new interface driver option option: v0.7.2:USB Driver for GSM modems USB Serial support registered for oti6858 usbcore: registered new interface driver oti6858 USB Serial support registered for pl2303 usbcore: registered new interface driver pl2303 pl2303: Prolific PL2303 USB to serial adaptor driver USB Serial support registered for Qualcomm USB modem usbcore: registered new interface driver qcserial safe_serial: v0.0b:USB Safe Encapsulated Serial USB Serial support registered for safe_serial usbcore: registered new interface driver safe_serial USB Serial support registered for siemens_mpi usbcore: registered new interface driver siemens_mpi Driver for Siemens USB/MPI adapter Version 0.1 09/26/2005 Thomas Hergenhahn@web.de http://libnodave.sf.net USB Serial support registered for Sierra USB modem usbcore: registered new interface driver sierra sierra: v.1.3.8:USB Driver for Sierra Wireless USB modems USB Serial support registered for SPCP8x5 usbcore: registered new interface driver spcp8x5 spcp8x5: v0.04:SPCP8x5 USB to serial adaptor driver USB Serial support registered for symbol usbcore: registered new interface driver symbol USB Serial support registered for TI USB 3410 1 port adapter USB Serial support registered for TI USB 5052 2 port adapter usbcore: registered new interface driver ti_usb_3410_5052 ti_usb_3410_5052: v0.9:TI USB 3410/5052 Serial Driver USB Serial support registered for Handspring Visor / Palm OS USB Serial support registered for Sony Clie 3.5 USB Serial support registered for Sony Clie 5.0 usbcore: registered new interface driver visor visor: USB HandSpring Visor / Palm OS driver USB Serial support registered for Connect Tech - WhiteHEAT - (prerenumeration) USB Serial support registered for Connect Tech - WhiteHEAT usbcore: registered new interface driver whiteheat whiteheat: v2.0:USB ConnectTech WhiteHEAT driver mice: PS/2 mouse device common for all mice s3c2410 TouchScreen successfully loaded input: s3c2410 TouchScreen as /devices/virtual/input/input0 S3C24XX RTC, (c) 2004,2006 Simtec Electronics s3c2410-rtc s3c2410-rtc: rtc disabled, re-enabling s3c2410-rtc s3c2410-rtc: rtc core: registered s3c as rtc0 i2c /dev entries driver Linux video capture interface: v2.00 gspca: main v2.7.0 registered usbcore: registered new interface driver conex conex: registered usbcore: registered new interface driver etoms etoms: registered usbcore: registered new interface driver finepix finepix: registered usbcore: registered new interface driver jeilinj jeilinj: registered usbcore: registered new interface driver mars mars: registered usbcore: registered new interface driver mr97310a mr97310a: registered usbcore: registered new interface driver ov519 ov519: registered usbcore: registered new interface driver ov534 ov534: registered usbcore: registered new interface driver pac207 pac207: registered usbcore: registered new interface driver pac7311 pac7311: registered usbcore: registered new interface driver sn9c20x sn9c20x: registered usbcore: registered new interface driver sonixb sonixb: registered usbcore: registered new interface driver sonixj sonixj: registered usbcore: registered new interface driver spca500 spca500: registered usbcore: registered new interface driver spca501 spca501: registered usbcore: registered new interface driver spca505 spca505: registered usbcore: registered new interface driver spca506 spca506: registered usbcore: registered new interface driver spca508 spca508: registered usbcore: registered new interface driver spca561 spca561: registered usbcore: registered new interface driver sq905 sq905: registered usbcore: registered new interface driver sq905c sq905c: registered usbcore: registered new interface driver sunplus sunplus: registered usbcore: registered new interface driver stk014 stk014: registered usbcore: registered new interface driver t613 t613: registered usbcore: registered new interface driver tv8532 tv8532: registered usbcore: registered new interface driver vc032x vc032x: registered usbcore: registered new interface driver zc3xx zc3xx: registered usbcore: registered new interface driver ALi m5602 ALi m5602: registered usbcore: registered new interface driver STV06xx STV06xx: registered gspca_gl860: driver startup - version 0.9d10 usbcore: registered new interface driver gspca_gl860 gspca_gl860: driver registered usbcore: registered new interface driver uvcvideo USB Video Class driver (v0.1.0) initializing s3c2440 camera interface...... s3c2440 camif init done Loading OV9650 driver......... SCCB address 0x60, manufacture ID 0xFFFF, expect 0x7FA2 SCCB address 0x60, manufacture ID 0xFFFF, expect 0x7FA2 No OV9650 found!!! S3C2410 Watchdog Timer, (c) 2004 Simtec Electronics s3c2410-wdt s3c2410-wdt: watchdog inactive, reset disabled, irq enabled s3c-sdi s3c2440-sdi: powered down. s3c-sdi s3c2440-sdi: mmc0 - using pio, sw SDIO IRQ usbcore: registered new interface driver usbhid usbhid: v2.6:USB HID core driver Advanced Linux Sound Architecture Driver Version 1.0.21. No device for DAI UDA134X No device for DAI s3c24xx-i2s S3C24XX_UDA134X SoC Audio driver UDA134X SoC Audio Codec asoc: UDA134X <-> s3c24xx-i2s mapping ok ALSA device list: #0: S3C24XX_UDA134X (UDA134X) TCP cubic registered NET: Registered protocol family 17 s3c2410-rtc s3c2410-rtc: setting system clock to 2007-10-30 02:00:47 UTC (1193709647) eth0: link down这个时候内核已经可以正常启动了，但是因为没有文件系统，所以最后系统就卡在那里了，没动静了 下一步就开始创建文件系统，并挂载文件系统 5、制作nfs启动的根文件系统 首先请确认你的uboot配置信息是否与我上面说到的一致，很重中，决定成败 再次检查配置服务器nfs路径 vi /etc/exports /root/tftpboot *(rw,sync,no_root_squash) 其中/root/tftpboot：允许开发板或其他计算机访问的目录，这里允许所有客户端访问 r'w：文件系统可读可写， sync：同步写磁盘（async：资料会先暂存于内存当中，而非直接写入磁盘） 创建文件系统需要使用busybox，另外，文件系统etc目录下需要不少的配置，这里打包好供大家下载 下载busybox，分享下载地址： busybox1.3.3 ect目录脚本文件，分享下载地址： etc.tar 下载后，放在linux下的一个新建的目录里面。 接下来，创建根文件系统目录 在nfs服务器根目录：/root/tftpboot下，创建rootfs目录，以及根文件系统的各个目录。 [root@www tftpboot]# mkdir rootfs [root@www tftpboot]# cd rootfs [root@www rootfs]# mkdir bin dev etc lib proc sbin sys usr mnt tmp var [root@www rootfs]# mkdir usr/bin usr/lib usr/sbin lib/modules内核在引导根文件系统时候，需要用到设备节点console和null，因此，在这里还要创建设备文件 [root@www rootfs]# cd dev/ [root@www dev]# mknod -m 666 console c 5 1 [root@www dev]# mknod -m 666 null c 1 3将etc包（上面的地址有）解压到/nfsroot/rootfs里面 [root@www 4-3-2]# tar -xvz -f etc.tar.gz -C /root/tftpboot/rootfs [root@www 4-3-2]# ls /root/tftpboot/rootfs/etc/ fstab init.d inittab profile接下来很重要的一步，编译内核模块，将内核模块安装到根文件系统（我用的是友善提供的内核linux-2.6.32.2） 到内核根目录下，首先执行命令： make modules ARCH=arm CROSS_COMPILE=arm-linux- 编译完成，接着执行命令： make modules_install ARCH=arm INSTALL_MOD_PATH=/root/tftpboot/rootfs 最后到下面路径查看是否安装成功 root@ubuntu:~# cd tftpboot/rootfs/lib/modules/ root@ubuntu:~/tftpboot/rootfs/lib/modules# ls 2.6.32.2 root@ubuntu:~/tftpboot/rootfs/lib/modules#产生2.6.32.2的modules，说明执行成功 紧接就是编译busybox了 6、busybox配置，编译 到busybox的根目录下执行make menuconfig 进入图形化配置界面后： 1）、进入"Busybox Settings"-->"Build Options "，选中“Build Busybox as a static binary”（直接按键盘空格键到“*”）。注意：这里是静态链接。 2）、同时在“Build Busybox as a static binary”同一个页面的下面“ Cross Compiler prefix”，按键盘Enter键进入，然后输入：“arm-linux-” ，这时出现如下的图示：
3）、进入"Busybox Settings"-->"Installation Options"，选中“Don‘t use /user”（这是为了不将busybox安装在/usr/sbin目录下）；同时，在同一个页面下的“ BusyBox installation prefix ”添加安装路径：“/nfsroot/rootfs”，如下图所示：
编译和安装busybox，首先执行： make ARCH=arm CROSS_COMPILE=arm-linux- 编译完成之后运行： make install 最后检查busybox是否安装好，具体方法为：查看/nfsroot/rootfs/sbin目录下是否有init存在。注意：如果init不存在说明busybox没有安装好，那么根文件系统是不能用的，这个时候，可以换个busybox试试 root@ubuntu:~/tftpboot/rootfs/sbin# ls adjtimex crond fbset fsck.minix ifconfig insmod lpd mkswap raidautorun route slattach switch_root vconfig arp depmod fbsplash getty ifdown klogd lsmod modprobe rdate runlevel start-stop-daemon sysctl watchdog blkid devmem fdisk halt ifenslave loadfont makedevs nameif rdev sendmail sulogin syslogd zcip brctl dhcprelay findfs hdparm ifup loadkmap man pivot_root readprofile setconsole svlogd telnetd chpasswd dnsd freeramdisk httpd inetd logread mdev popmaildir reboot setfont swapoff udhcpc chroot fakeidentd fsck hwclock init losetup mkfs.minix poweroff rmmod setlogcons swapon udhcpd root@ubuntu:~/tftpboot/rootfs/sbin#这样，就完成了根文件系统的制作 到这了内核image和文件系统都已经制作完毕，内核image名称w35_image.img在/root/tftpboot/目录下，文件系统在/root/tftpboot/rootfs目录下，现在你可以重新启动你的开发板了 [u-boot@MINI2440]# printenv bootdelay=5 baudrate=115200 ethaddr=08:08:11:18:12:27 netmask=255.255.255.0 tekkaman=bmp d 70000 stdin=serial stdout=serial stderr=serial ethact=dm9000 ipaddr=192.168.1.102 serverip=192.168.1.103 gatewayip=192.168.1.1 bootcmd=nfs 0x30008000 192.168.1.103:/root/tftpboot/w35_image.img ;bootm 30008000 bootargs=root=/dev/nfs rw nfsroot=192.168.1.103:/root/tftpboot/rootfs ip=192.168.1.102:192.168.1.1::255.255.255.0 console=ttySAC0,115200 init=/linuxrc mem=64M Environment size: 460/131068 bytes [u-boot@MINI2440]# t U-Boot 2010.03 (Jun 20 2013 - 08:43:59) Modified by Wang,Hai-Tao (king_haitao@163.com) Study Linux and love linux forever!! Study u-boot I2C: ready DRAM: 64 MB Flash: 2 MB NAND: 256 MiB Video: 240x320x16 20kHz 62Hz In: serial Out: serial Err: serial USB slave is enable! Net: dm9000 Hit any key to stop autoboot: 0 dm9000 i/o: 0x20000300, id: 0x90000a46 DM9000: running in 16 bit mode MAC: 08:08:11:18:12:27 operating at 100M full duplex mode Using dm9000 device File transfer via NFS from server 192.168.1.103; our IP address is 192.168.1.102 Filename '/root/tftpboot/w35_image.img'. Load address: 0x30008000 Loading: ################################################################# ################################################################# ################################################################# ################################################################# ################################################################# ################################################################# ##################################################### done Bytes transferred = 2266680 (229638 hex) ## Booting kernel from Legacy Image at 30008000 ... Image Name: mini2440 Created: 2013-06-20 16:34:41 UTC Image Type: ARM Linux Kernel Image (uncompressed) Data Size: 2266616 Bytes = 2.2 MB Load Address: 30008000 Entry Point: 30008040 Verifying Checksum ... OK XIP Kernel Image ... OK OK Starting kernel ... Uncompressing Linux................................................................................................................................................... done, booting the kernel. Linux version 2.6.32.2-FriendlyARM (root@localhost.localdomain) (gcc version 4.4.3 (ctng-1.6.1) ) #18 Wed Apr 13 20:06:31 HKT 2011 CPU: ARM920T [41129200] revision 0 (ARMv4T), cr=c0007177 CPU: VIVT data cache, VIVT instruction cache Machine: FriendlyARM Mini2440 development board Memory policy: ECC disabled, Data cache writeback CPU S3C2440A (id 0x32440001) S3C24XX Clocks, (c) 2004 Simtec Electronics S3C244X: core 405.000 MHz, memory 101.250 MHz, peripheral 50.625 MHz CLOCK: Slow mode (1.500 MHz), fast, MPLL on, UPLL on Built 1 zonelists in Zone order, mobility grouping on. Total pages: 16256 Kernel command line: root=/dev/nfs rw nfsroot=192.168.1.103:/root/tftpboot/rootfs ip=192.168.1.102:192.168.1.1::255.255.255.0 console=ttySAC0,115200 init=/linuxrc mem=64M PID hash table entries: 256 (order: -2, 1024 bytes) Dentry cache hash table entries: 8192 (order: 3, 32768 bytes) Inode-cache hash table entries: 4096 (order: 2, 16384 bytes) Memory: 64MB = 64MB total Memory: 60084KB available (4176K code, 451K data, 156K init, 0K highmem) SLUB: Genslabs=11, HWalign=32, Order=0-3, MinObjects=0, CPUs=1, Nodes=1 Hierarchical RCU implementation. NR_IRQS:85 irq: clearing pending status 02000000 irq: clearing subpending status 00000002 Console: colour dummy device 80x30 console [ttySAC0] enabled Calibrating delay loop... 201.93 BogoMIPS (lpj=504832) Mount-cache hash table entries: 512 CPU: Testing write buffer coherency: ok NET: Registered protocol family 16 S3C2440: Initialising architecture S3C2440: IRQ Support S3C24XX DMA Driver, (c) 2003-2004,2006 Simtec Electronics DMA channel 0 at c4808000, irq 33 DMA channel 1 at c4808040, irq 34 DMA channel 2 at c4808080, irq 35 DMA channel 3 at c48080c0, irq 36 S3C244X: Clock Support, DVS off bio: create slab <bio-0> at 0 SCSI subsystem initialized usbcore: registered new interface driver usbfs usbcore: registered new interface driver hub usbcore: registered new device driver usb s3c-i2c s3c2440-i2c: slave address 0x10 s3c-i2c s3c2440-i2c: bus frequency set to 98 KHz s3c-i2c s3c2440-i2c: i2c-0: S3C I2C adapter NET: Registered protocol family 2 IP route cache hash table entries: 1024 (order: 0, 4096 bytes) TCP established hash table entries: 2048 (order: 2, 16384 bytes) TCP bind hash table entries: 2048 (order: 1, 8192 bytes) TCP: Hash tables configured (established 2048 bind 2048) TCP reno registered NET: Registered protocol family 1 RPC: Registered udp transport module. RPC: Registered tcp transport module. RPC: Registered tcp NFSv4.1 backchannel transport module. NetWinder Floating Point Emulator V0.97 (double precision) yaffs Apr 13 2011 18:29:56 Installing. msgmni has been set to 117 alg: No test for stdrng (krng) io scheduler noop registered (default) Console: switching to colour frame buffer device 40x15 fb0: s3c2410fb frame buffer device backlight initialized leds initialized buttons initialized pwm initialized adc initialized s3c2440-uart.0: s3c2410_serial0 at MMIO 0x50000000 (irq = 70) is a S3C2440 s3c2440-uart.1: s3c2410_serial1 at MMIO 0x50004000 (irq = 73) is a S3C2440 s3c2440-uart.2: s3c2410_serial2 at MMIO 0x50008000 (irq = 76) is a S3C2440 loop: module loaded S3C24XX NAND Driver, (c) 2004 Simtec Electronics s3c24xx-nand s3c2440-nand: Tacls=3, 29ns Twrph0=7 69ns, Twrph1=3 29ns s3c24xx-nand s3c2440-nand: NAND soft ECC NAND device: Manufacturer ID: 0xec, Chip ID: 0xda (Samsung NAND 256MiB 3,3V 8-bit) Scanning device for bad blocks Creating 5 MTD partitions on "NAND 256MiB 3,3V 8-bit": 0x000000000000-0x000000040000 : "supervivi" 0x000000040000-0x000000060000 : "param" 0x000000060000-0x000000560000 : "Kernel" 0x000000560000-0x000040560000 : "root" mtd: partition "root" extends beyond the end of device "NAND 256MiB 3,3V 8-bit" -- size truncated to 0xfaa0000 0x000000000000-0x000040000000 : "nand" mtd: partition "nand" extends beyond the end of device "NAND 256MiB 3,3V 8-bit" -- size truncated to 0x10000000 dm9000 Ethernet Driver, V1.31 eth0: dm9000e at c4814300,c4818304 IRQ 51 MAC: 08:90:90:90:90:90 (chip) ohci_hcd: USB 1.1 'Open' Host Controller (OHCI) Driver s3c2410-ohci s3c2410-ohci: S3C24XX OHCI s3c2410-ohci s3c2410-ohci: new USB bus registered, assigned bus number 1 s3c2410-ohci s3c2410-ohci: irq 42, io mem 0x49000000 usb usb1: New USB device found, idVendor=1d6b, idProduct=0001 usb usb1: New USB device strings: Mfr=3, Product=2, SerialNumber=1 usb usb1: Product: S3C24XX OHCI usb usb1: Manufacturer: Linux 2.6.32.2-FriendlyARM ohci_hcd usb usb1: SerialNumber: s3c24xx usb usb1: configuration #1 chosen from 1 choice hub 1-0:1.0: USB hub found hub 1-0:1.0: 2 ports detected Initializing USB Mass Storage driver... usbcore: registered new interface driver usb-storage USB Mass Storage support registered. usbcore: registered new interface driver ums-alauda usbcore: registered new interface driver ums-cypress usbcore: registered new interface driver ums-datafab usbcore: registered new interface driver ums-freecom usbcore: registered new interface driver ums-isd200 usbcore: registered new interface driver ums-jumpshot usbcore: registered new interface driver ums-karma usbcore: registered new interface driver ums-onetouch usbcore: registered new interface driver ums-sddr09 usbcore: registered new interface driver ums-sddr55 usbcore: registered new interface driver ums-usbat usbcore: registered new interface driver usbserial USB Serial support registered for generic usbcore: registered new interface driver usbserial_generic usbserial: USB Serial Driver core USB Serial support registered for aircable usbcore: registered new interface driver aircable USB Serial support registered for ark3116 usbcore: registered new interface driver ark3116 USB Serial support registered for Belkin / Peracom / GoHubs USB Serial Adapter usbcore: registered new interface driver belkin belkin_sa: v1.2:USB Belkin Serial converter driver USB Serial support registered for ch341-uart usbcore: registered new interface driver ch341 USB Serial support registered for cp210x usbcore: registered new interface driver cp210x cp210x: v0.09:Silicon Labs CP210x RS232 serial adaptor driver USB Serial support registered for Reiner SCT Cyberjack USB card reader usbcore: registered new interface driver cyberjack cyberjack: v1.01 Matthias Bruestle cyberjack: REINER SCT cyberJack pinpad/e-com USB Chipcard Reader Driver USB Serial support registered for DeLorme Earthmate USB USB Serial support registered for HID->COM RS232 Adapter USB Serial support registered for Nokia CA-42 V2 Adapter usbcore: registered new interface driver cypress cypress_m8: v1.09:Cypress USB to Serial Driver USB Serial support registered for Digi 2 port USB adapter USB Serial support registered for Digi 4 port USB adapter usbcore: registered new interface driver digi_acceleport digi_acceleport: v1.80.1.2:Digi AccelePort USB-2/USB-4 Serial Converter driver USB Serial support registered for Edgeport 2 port adapter USB Serial support registered for Edgeport 4 port adapter USB Serial support registered for Edgeport 8 port adapter USB Serial support registered for EPiC device usbcore: registered new interface driver io_edgeport io_edgeport: v2.7:Edgeport USB Serial Driver USB Serial support registered for Edgeport TI 1 port adapter USB Serial support registered for Edgeport TI 2 port adapter usbcore: registered new interface driver io_ti io_ti: v0.7mode043006:Edgeport USB Serial Driver USB Serial support registered for empeg usbcore: registered new interface driver empeg empeg: v1.2:USB Empeg Mark I/II Driver USB Serial support registered for FTDI USB Serial Device usbcore: registered new interface driver ftdi_sio ftdi_sio: v1.5.0:USB FTDI Serial Converters Driver USB Serial support registered for funsoft usbcore: registered new interface driver funsoft USB Serial support registered for Garmin GPS usb/tty usbcore: registered new interface driver garmin_gps garmin_gps: v0.33:garmin gps driver USB Serial support registered for hp4X usbcore: registered new interface driver hp4X hp4x: v1.00:HP4x (48/49) Generic Serial driver USB Serial support registered for PocketPC PDA usbcore: registered new interface driver ipaq ipaq: v0.5:USB PocketPC PDA driver USB Serial support registered for IPWireless converter usbcore: registered new interface driver ipwtty ipw: v0.3:IPWireless tty driver USB Serial support registered for IR Dongle usbcore: registered new interface driver ir-usb ir_usb: v0.4:USB IR Dongle driver USB Serial support registered for iuu_phoenix usbcore: registered new interface driver iuu_phoenix iuu_phoenix: v0.11:Infinity USB Unlimited Phoenix driver USB Serial support registered for Keyspan - (without firmware) USB Serial support registered for Keyspan 1 port adapter USB Serial support registered for Keyspan 2 port adapter USB Serial support registered for Keyspan 4 port adapter usbcore: registered new interface driver keyspan keyspan: v1.1.5:Keyspan USB to Serial Converter Driver USB Serial support registered for Keyspan PDA USB Serial support registered for Keyspan PDA - (prerenumeration) USB Serial support registered for Xircom / Entregra PGS - (prerenumeration) usbcore: registered new interface driver keyspan_pda keyspan_pda: v1.1:USB Keyspan PDA Converter driver USB Serial support registered for KL5KUSB105D / PalmConnect usbcore: registered new interface driver kl5kusb105d kl5kusb105: v0.3a:KLSI KL5KUSB105 chipset USB->Serial Converter driver USB Serial support registered for KOBIL USB smart card terminal usbcore: registered new interface driver kobil kobil_sct: 21/05/2004:KOBIL USB Smart Card Terminal Driver (experimental) USB Serial support registered for MCT U232 usbcore: registered new interface driver mct_u232 mct_u232: z2.1:Magic Control Technology USB-RS232 converter driver USB Serial support registered for Moschip 2 port adapter mos7720: 1.0.0.4F:Moschip USB Serial Driver usbcore: registered new interface driver moschip7720 USB Serial support registered for Moschip 7840/7820 USB Serial Driver mos7840: 1.3.2:Moschip 7840/7820 USB Serial Driver usbcore: registered new interface driver mos7840 USB Serial support registered for moto-modem usbcore: registered new interface driver moto-modem USB Serial support registered for navman usbcore: registered new interface driver navman USB Serial support registered for ZyXEL - omni.net lcd plus usb usbcore: registered new interface driver omninet omninet: v1.1:USB ZyXEL omni.net LCD PLUS Driver USB Serial support registered for opticon usbcore: registered new interface driver opticon USB Serial support registered for GSM modem (1-port) usbcore: registered new interface driver option option: v0.7.2:USB Driver for GSM modems USB Serial support registered for oti6858 usbcore: registered new interface driver oti6858 USB Serial support registered for pl2303 usbcore: registered new interface driver pl2303 pl2303: Prolific PL2303 USB to serial adaptor driver USB Serial support registered for Qualcomm USB modem usbcore: registered new interface driver qcserial safe_serial: v0.0b:USB Safe Encapsulated Serial USB Serial support registered for safe_serial usbcore: registered new interface driver safe_serial USB Serial support registered for siemens_mpi usbcore: registered new interface driver siemens_mpi Driver for Siemens USB/MPI adapter Version 0.1 09/26/2005 Thomas Hergenhahn@web.de http://libnodave.sf.net USB Serial support registered for Sierra USB modem usbcore: registered new interface driver sierra sierra: v.1.3.8:USB Driver for Sierra Wireless USB modems USB Serial support registered for SPCP8x5 usbcore: registered new interface driver spcp8x5 spcp8x5: v0.04:SPCP8x5 USB to serial adaptor driver USB Serial support registered for symbol usbcore: registered new interface driver symbol USB Serial support registered for TI USB 3410 1 port adapter USB Serial support registered for TI USB 5052 2 port adapter usbcore: registered new interface driver ti_usb_3410_5052 ti_usb_3410_5052: v0.9:TI USB 3410/5052 Serial Driver USB Serial support registered for Handspring Visor / Palm OS USB Serial support registered for Sony Clie 3.5 USB Serial support registered for Sony Clie 5.0 usbcore: registered new interface driver visor visor: USB HandSpring Visor / Palm OS driver USB Serial support registered for Connect Tech - WhiteHEAT - (prerenumeration) USB Serial support registered for Connect Tech - WhiteHEAT usbcore: registered new interface driver whiteheat whiteheat: v2.0:USB ConnectTech WhiteHEAT driver mice: PS/2 mouse device common for all mice s3c2410 TouchScreen successfully loaded input: s3c2410 TouchScreen as /devices/virtual/input/input0 S3C24XX RTC, (c) 2004,2006 Simtec Electronics s3c2410-rtc s3c2410-rtc: rtc disabled, re-enabling s3c2410-rtc s3c2410-rtc: rtc core: registered s3c as rtc0 i2c /dev entries driver Linux video capture interface: v2.00 gspca: main v2.7.0 registered usbcore: registered new interface driver conex conex: registered usbcore: registered new interface driver etoms etoms: registered usbcore: registered new interface driver finepix finepix: registered usbcore: registered new interface driver jeilinj jeilinj: registered usbcore: registered new interface driver mars mars: registered usbcore: registered new interface driver mr97310a mr97310a: registered usbcore: registered new interface driver ov519 ov519: registered usbcore: registered new interface driver ov534 ov534: registered usbcore: registered new interface driver pac207 pac207: registered usbcore: registered new interface driver pac7311 pac7311: registered usbcore: registered new interface driver sn9c20x sn9c20x: registered usbcore: registered new interface driver sonixb sonixb: registered usbcore: registered new interface driver sonixj sonixj: registered usbcore: registered new interface driver spca500 spca500: registered usbcore: registered new interface driver spca501 spca501: registered usbcore: registered new interface driver spca505 spca505: registered usbcore: registered new interface driver spca506 spca506: registered usbcore: registered new interface driver spca508 spca508: registered usbcore: registered new interface driver spca561 spca561: registered usbcore: registered new interface driver sq905 sq905: registered usbcore: registered new interface driver sq905c sq905c: registered usbcore: registered new interface driver sunplus sunplus: registered usbcore: registered new interface driver stk014 stk014: registered usbcore: registered new interface driver t613 t613: registered usbcore: registered new interface driver tv8532 tv8532: registered usbcore: registered new interface driver vc032x vc032x: registered usbcore: registered new interface driver zc3xx zc3xx: registered usbcore: registered new interface driver ALi m5602 ALi m5602: registered usbcore: registered new interface driver STV06xx STV06xx: registered gspca_gl860: driver startup - version 0.9d10 usbcore: registered new interface driver gspca_gl860 gspca_gl860: driver registered usbcore: registered new interface driver uvcvideo USB Video Class driver (v0.1.0) initializing s3c2440 camera interface...... s3c2440 camif init done Loading OV9650 driver......... SCCB address 0x60, manufacture ID 0xFFFF, expect 0x7FA2 SCCB address 0x60, manufacture ID 0xFFFF, expect 0x7FA2 No OV9650 found!!! S3C2410 Watchdog Timer, (c) 2004 Simtec Electronics s3c2410-wdt s3c2410-wdt: watchdog inactive, reset disabled, irq enabled s3c-sdi s3c2440-sdi: powered down. s3c-sdi s3c2440-sdi: mmc0 - using pio, sw SDIO IRQ usbcore: registered new interface driver usbhid usbhid: v2.6:USB HID core driver Advanced Linux Sound Architecture Driver Version 1.0.21. No device for DAI UDA134X No device for DAI s3c24xx-i2s S3C24XX_UDA134X SoC Audio driver UDA134X SoC Audio Codec asoc: UDA134X <-> s3c24xx-i2s mapping ok ALSA device list: #0: S3C24XX_UDA134X (UDA134X) TCP cubic registered NET: Registered protocol family 17 s3c2410-rtc s3c2410-rtc: setting system clock to 2007-10-30 02:00:47 UTC (1193709647) eth0: link down IP-Config: Complete: device=eth0, addr=192.168.1.102, mask=255.255.255.0, gw=255.255.255.255, host=192.168.1.102, domain=, nis-domain=(none), bootserver=192.168.1.1, rootserver=192.168.1.103, rootpath= Looking up port of RPC 100003/2 on 192.168.1.103 eth0: link up, 100Mbps, full-duplex, lpa 0x4DE1 Looking up port of RPC 100005/1 on 192.168.1.103 VFS: Mounted root (nfs filesystem) on device 0:11. Freeing init memory: 156K Processing /etc/profile... Done # # # ls bin etc linuxrc proc sys usr dev lib mnt sbin tmp var # cd sys/devices/platform/ # ls dm9000 s3c2410-rtc s3c2440-sdi s3c2440-usbgadget s3c2410-iis s3c2410-wdt s3c2440-uart.0 s3c24xx_uda134x.0 s3c2410-lcd s3c2440-i2c s3c2440-uart.1 soc-audio s3c2410-ohci s3c2440-nand s3c2440-uart.2 uevent #任务完成 待续。。。。 |
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来自： raymoon_sure > 《linux内核驱动》
