状语从句中的省略用法现总结如下: 一、如果从句的主语和主句的主语一致且从句的谓语含有 be 动词的某种形式( am/ is / are / was /were ),可同时省略从句的主语和 be 动词的某种形式。 1. when, while 引导的时间状语从句。例如: ( 1 ) Do be careful when ( you are ) crossing the street. 过马路时一定要小心。 ( 2 ) When ( it is ) heated to 100 ℃ , water will turn into vapor. 水加热到 100 摄氏度就会变成蒸气。 ( 3 ) When / While ( I was ) on my way to work, I met her. 在上班的路上我遇见了她。 2. if, unless, once 引导的条件状语从句。例如: ( 1 ) If ( it is ) properly treated, waste will do no harm to the environment. 如果废物妥善处理,就不会对环境有危害。 ( 2 ) The price, if ( it is ) a little higher than last year's, is still rather reasonable. 价格即使比去年稍高,但仍然相当合理。 ( 3 ) I'll not go to the party unless ( I am ) invited. 如果不邀请我,我就不参加那个晚会。 ( 4 ) Unless ( he is ) in uniform, he doesn't look like a policeman. 如果不穿制服,他看上去就不像警察。 ( 5 ) Once ( you are ) caught stealing in a supermarket, you will be published. 在超市偷东西一旦被抓住,你就会受处罚。 3. though, although, whether, no matter whether / what / how / who 等引导的让步状语从句。例如: ( 1 ) Though / Although ( he was ) blamed for his mistake, the boy didn't seem to be angry. 尽管那个男孩受到批评,但他似乎并没有生气。 ( 2 ) He was happy, though / although ( he was ) poor. 他虽穷,却很幸福。 ( 3 ) Whether ( she is ) sick or well, she is always cheerful. 无论是生病还是健康,她总是高高兴兴的。 ( 4 ) Anyone, no matter who / whoever ( he is ) , may point out our shortcomings. 无论是什么人给我们指出我们的缺点都行。 ( 5 ) No matter how / However hard the task ( is ) , we must fulfill it in time. 不管任务多艰巨,我们都必须按时完成它。(注意:从句的主语和主句的主语不一致时,只省略从句中的 be 动词形式) ( 6 ) The government of China has decided to develop western China, no matter what / whatever the difficulties ( may be ) . 中国政府决心开发西部地区,不管有多少困难。(注意:从句的主语和主句的主语不一致时,只省略从句中的 be 动词形式) 4. as if, as though 引导的方式状语从句。 ( 1 ) He rubbed his eyes and yawned as if / though ( he were ) waking up after a long sleep. 他又揉眼睛又打哈欠,好像刚睡了一大觉似的。 ( 2 ) He stood up as if / though ( he wanted ) to leave. 他站起来好像要离开。(注意: as if / though + to do 表示一个将来的动作) ( 3 ) Jim hurriedly left the room as if / though ( he was ) angry. Jim 匆忙离开了时间,好像生气了。 二、 than, as 引导的比较状语从句中的省略用法:当不同的主语进行比较时,一般省略从句中的谓语;当从句中的主语与谓语( be 动词除外)和主句中的主语与谓语相同时,通常省略从句中的主语和谓语,只保留比较的部分。 ( 1 ) He is taller than his brother ( is ) . 他比他的兄弟长得高。 ( 2 ) The population of China is larger than that of America ( is ) . 中国人口比美国人口多。 ( 3 ) You hate him as much as I ( hate him ) . 我和你一样恨他。 ( 4 ) Those villagers listened as carefully as the pupils. 那些村民和小学生们听得一样认真。 ( 5 ) My mother is much better now than ( she was ) when I wrote to you last week. 我母亲现在比我上周写信给你的时候好多了。 ( 6 ) I have as much confidence in you as ( I have confidence ) in him. 我对你和对他一样信任。 ( 7 ) I know you better than ( I know ) her. 我对你比对她更了解。 三、以 if 从句为代表的状语从句中的特殊省略用法:通常省略了 it is, that is, there is / are 。例如: ( 1 ) If ( it /is ) possible / necessary, this old temple will be rebuilt. 如果可能 / 必要的话,将重修这座古庙。 ( 2 ) If ( that is ) so, I will call you back at 5:00 p.m.. 倘若如此,我下午 5 : 00 回电话给你。 ( 3 ) There are only a few books in our school library, if ( there are ) any. 我们学校图书馆有书,但不多。 ( 4 ) We are told that he won't come tonight; if not ( if he won't come tonight ) there aren't be any meeting tomorrow. 我们被告知他今晚不来了。如果他今晚不来,明天就无法开会了。 ( 5 ) Seldom, if at all, ( if he goes to the city at all ) does he go to the city. 即使他进城,但那也是偶尔的。 ( 6 ) Many roof sections were replaced with new ones where ( it is ) necessary. 屋顶上很多需要修补的地方都换成了新的。 四、 as 引导的方式状语从句,其省略用法较复杂,因具体情况而定。例如: ( 1 ) You should do the experiments as ( you are ) told to. ( do the experiments )你应该按你听到的那样做实验。 ( 2 ) As ( it is the case ) in China, the weather is different from area to area in Canada. 同中国一样,加拿大的气候因地区的不同而不同。 ( 3 ) In 1939, as ( it is the case ) in 1914, there started a terrible killing of man. 1939 年,正如 1914 年那样,开始了一场人类之间可怕的屠杀。 ( 4 ) As ( it is the same ) with driving a car, we should be careful while riding a bicycle. 像开车一样,我们骑车也应该小心。 |
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