大家知道,学外语最忌母语干扰。由于母语在大脑中根深蒂固,所以常常会 对外语学习者大脑中尚不牢固的外语知识产生负面影响,干扰学习者学习正确、地道的外语。比如汉语通常说“学习知识”,但英语习惯上却不说 study knowledge,而说 get (obtain, acquire) knowledge;又如汉语说的“年轻一代”,说成地道的英语通常应是 younger generation,而不是 young generation,尽管汉语表达中看不出其比较意味,但其相应的英语却要用比较级。请再看几个实例: 1. At last my parents _____ me to move to the south. A. agreed 从汉语角度看,似乎四个答案都对:选A,可理解为“最后我父母同意我搬到南方去”;选B,可理解为“最后我父母建议我搬到南方去”;选C,可理解为“最后我父母支持我搬到南方去”;选D,可理解为“最后我父母鼓励我搬到南方去”。但事实上,只有一个答案是对的,你知道是哪个吗?同时你知道其余三个为什么不对呢? 2. “He is _____ to win the match.” “Really? But I don't think so.” A. easy 从汉语角度看,四个答案似乎也都对:选A,可理解为“他很容易获胜”;选B,可理解为“他很难获胜”;选C,可理解为“他可能获胜”;选D,可理解为“他肯定会获胜”。但事实上,这四个选项中也只有一项是对的,其余三项尽管从汉语角度看说得通,但却不合英语习惯,你知道哪个对,哪三个不对吗?同时你知道为什么吗? 本节搜集有关母语干扰的陷阱题数十例,并有针对性地进行了详细的讲解,希望对同学们排除母语干扰,学好正确、地道的英语有所帮助。 1. not to say 的意思是“更不用说”吗 They own two cars, not to _____ a motorbike. A. speak 此题很容易根据“他们拥有两辆小汽车,更不用说一辆摩托车了”这一中文语境而选择B,其实最佳答案为D。因为not to say 和 not to mention 均为习语,但其含义区别甚大:not to mention=更不用说,此外还有:not to say=虽不能说,即使不能说。 如:He can speak French and Japanese, not to mention English. 他会法语和日语,更不用说英语了。 David is handsome and smart, not to mention being a good athlete. 戴维漂亮精明,而且还是个优秀的运动员。 It is warm, not to say hot. 天气虽说不上热,但也够暖了。 He was impolite, not to say rude. 他即使不是粗鲁,至少也是没有礼貌。 2. 如何区别使用 anyone 与 whoever I won't go there alone, and I'll take _____ wants to go. A. anyone 母语干扰型 此题应选 C,容易误选 A 或B,误选的原因主要是直接按中文意思套译,即将其译为“我不会一个人去,谁想去我就带谁去”。当然若将 A、B两项合起来(即 anyone who)则也正确。选项 C(whoever) 导一个宾语从句(用做动词 take 的宾语)。 请看以下类似试题: (1) _____ comes is welcome. A. Anyone 此题很容易误选A,因为从汉语意思来分析,可理解为“任何人来都欢迎”,但若选A,此句的结构是混乱的,句中有两个谓语动词 comes 和 is,但却只是一个句子。此题应选C,anyone 是句子主语,who comes 是修饰 anyone 的定语从句。 (2)_____ comes to see me, tell him I'm out. A. Anyone 此题很容易按汉语意思误选A,其实应选C。whoever 引导的是让步状语从句,相当于 no matter who。 (3) Sarah hopes to become a friend of _____ shares her interests. A. anyone 此题不能选A,假若选A,应在其后加上who,即用 anyone who;也不能选B,一是因为横线处应填一个作主语的词(因为其后有谓语动词 shares),二是因为在现代英语中 whomever这个词已基本废除 也就是说,在现代英语中whoever 既用做主语,也用做宾语,如:Give it to whoever you see in the meeting-room. 你在会议室里看见谁就把它给谁);也不能选D,因为 no matter who只用于引导让步状语从句,不用于引导名词性从句。此题正确答案为C,whoever 在此相当于 anyone who。比较下例,答案应选A,而不是B、C或D(注意句意):It was a matter of would take the position. A. who B. Whoever C. whom D. whomever 3. 哪些动词容易误用于“v.+sb+to do sth” At last my parents _____ me to move to the south. A. agreed 此题从中文意思来分析,似乎四个答案都对。其实此题的正解答案只能是D,原因是在我们很难准时赶到那儿。 误:We are very difficult to get there in time. 正:It is very difficult for us to get there in time. (用形式主语it作主语) 比较:He is very difficult to work with.他这个人很难相处。(用具体的人作主语,但它与其后不定式具有动宾关系,即to work with him)有时不是用it作形式主语,而是用其作形式宾语。 如:We found it easy to do the work.我们发现做这工作很容易。 但是不说:We found him easy to do the work.(但可说:We found it easy for him to do the work.) 对possible来说,后接不定式时,其主语只能是it,不能是具体的人或事物,即使该主语与其后的不定式有动宾关系也不可以。 如:我们有可能会找到一些更便宜的。 误:We are possible to find some cheaper ones. 误:Some cheaper ones are possible for us to find. 正:It is possible for us to find some cheaper ones. 有时不是用it作形式主语,而是用其作形式宾语。 如:We found it possible for him to do the work.我们发现他可能做那工作。 但不说:We found him possible to do the work. 6. possible与likely用法有何区别 I think he is _____ to win, but I'm not sure. A. possible 从语意上看,D肯定不能选;从英语习惯上看,A和C也不能选(原因见前一题);此题最佳答案为B。请再看几例: He is likely to arrive a bit late.他可能会晚到一会儿。 It's likely that he will go abroad.他可能会出国。 注意:虽然possible和likely均可表示“可能”,但两者的搭配是不同的,即可说someone is likely to do sth,但不能说someone is possible to do sth。如:他有可能会同她一道去。 正:He is likely to go with her. 正:It's likely that he will go with her. 误:He is possible to go with her. 正:It's possible that he will go with her. 另外,还可说:It's possible for him to go with her. 7.是not any还是any not It is so difficult a problem that _____ student in this class _____ work it out. A. any, can't 此题很容易误选A,因为从句意上看,选A可将此句理解为“这个问题是如此之难,这个班上任何一个学生都不可能做出来”。但按英语习惯,any(任何一个)作为非肯定词,它只能出现在否定词not之后,而不能在其前,即可说not any,但不说any not。所以正确答案应选B。 这工作太难了,恐怕谁也干不了。正:The work is too difficult. I'm afraid no one can do it. 误:The work is too difficult. I'm afraid any one can't do it. 什么也阻碍不了我同她结婚。 正:Nothing can prevent me from marrying her. 误:Anything can't prevent me from marrying her. 类似地,either (两者中的任意一个)作为非肯定词,它也应出现在否定词之后,而不能出现在否定词之前。如:这两兄弟都不聪明。 正:Neither of the brothers is clever. / Neither brother is clever. 误:Either of the brothers is not clever. / Either brother isn't clever.8. such可修饰形容词或副词吗 The problem is not _____ easy. Think _____ over. A. such, it 正确答案应为B,that 相当与 so . |
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