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一、反意疑问旬的构成 肯定的陈述句+否定的反意疑问。如： That clock is show,isn't it? 否定的陈述句+肯定的反意疑问。如： That clock isn' t show,is it? 肯定的陈述句+肯定的反意疑问。如： That clock is show,is it? 否定的陈述句+否定的反意疑问。如： That clock isn't show ,isn't it? 前两种形式是主要的，也是中学生必须掌握的：后两种形式使用场合较少，且一般用来表示讽刺、挑衅、愤怒这样的感情色彩，因此不可随便使用。 二、反意疑问句构成上的一些特例 1.使用疑问部分主语时要注意的情况。 (1)当陈述部分的主语是I，而句子又用来征询对方的意见时，反意疑问句中的主语用you。如： I don't like English,do you? I find math very interesting,don't you? (2)当陈述部分的主语是 everybody, everyone, someone, no one,somebody, nobody, no one等合成词时，反意疑问部分中的主语往往用they，但亦可用he／she，尤其是在nobody等作主语，具有否定概念时。如： Everyone enjoyed the party,didn't they? Somebody borrgwed my pen yesterday,didn't they? Nobody phoned while I was out,did they/he? (3)当陈述部分的主语是不定代词everything，nothing，anything，something时，疑问部分的主语一般用it，不用they。如： Everything seems all right now, doesn't it? Nothing can stop us.can it? (4)当陈述部分的主语是one时，疑问部分的主语可用one，也可用you。如： one can t work all thetme,can one/you? (5)当陈述部分的主语是动名词或动词不定式时，疑问部分的主语用it。 2.使用疑问句分动词时要注意的情况。 (1)当陈述部分为I结构时；疑问部分用aren’t I。 (2)当陈述部分的谓语动词是have时，要注意下列问题。 ①表示“所有”时，有两种方法构成反意疑问部分：一是不用助动词do，一是借助助动词do。如 You have a new bike，don’t you? He has a TV set,hasn't he? 若陈述部分为否定式时，要避免出现前后作用方法不一致的现象。如： Wrong:The house hasn't five rooms ,does it? Correct:The house hasn't five rooms, has it? Wrong:He doesn't have a new bike,has he? Correct:He doesn't have a new bike,does he? ②当陈述部分的have不表示“所有”而表示其他含义时，反意疑问部分需用助动词do。如： You often have supper at six ,don't you? She had a good time yesterday, didn't she? He has to go there ,doesn't he? 三、含有情态动词的句子。要注意的情况 1.当陈述部分含有情态动词ought to时，反意疑问部分在英式英语中仍用ought to，但在美式英语中常用助动词should。如： The naughty child should be punished ,oughtn't he? We ought to go there ,shouldntt we? 2.当陈述部分带有情态动词used t0时，反意疑问部分可用usedt0或助动词did。如： The Greens used to live in the country, usedn't they? He used to smoke fifty cigarettes a day,didn't he? 3.当陈述部分带有情态动词must时，要注意下列问题。 (1)当陈述部分的must表示“必须”时，反意疑问部分用mustn’t。如： You must work hard next term,mustn't you? (2)当陈述部分的must表示“有必要”时，反意疑问部分则用Deedn’t。如： He must go home rizht now,needn't he? (3)当陈述部分的mustn't表示“禁止”时，反意疑问部分一般用must。如: You mustn’t pIay football in the street，must you? (4)当陈述部分的must表示“一定”、“想必”等推测意义时，反意 疑问部分不用must，而要根据陈述部分的不定式结构采用相应的助 动词或助动词形式。如： She must be very tired, isn't she? He must have waited here for a long time,hasn 't he? The light is on.He must stay at home ,doesn't he? 4.陈述部分带有may时，反意疑问部分一般用mightn’t。若表示将来意义，则用won't。如： That may be true,mightn't it? They may be a little late,'won't they? 5.当陈述部分带有need或dare时，应注意其是实义动词还是情态动词。如果含有needn't，则反意疑问部分常用need，但有时也可用must。如： He needs some help,doesn't he? He needn't do that,must he? You needn't go yet, need you? 四、判断陈述部分是不是否定式。要注意的几个问题 1.当陈述部分带有never，hardly，nobody，few，little，nowhere等否定词或半否定词时，反意疑问部分的动词用肯定形式。如： He never goes to the cinema,does he? Few of us were there at the moment,were they? 2.当陈述部分的否定词仅带有否定前缀和后缀时，那么该陈述部分按肯定句处理。如： He looks unhappy,doesn't he? He is careless with his money, isn't he ? 3.当陈述部分中的否定词否定的是一个词或一个短语，只形成部分否定时，陈述部分应按肯定句处理。如： They live not far from us,don't the? He has played a not important part, hasn't he? 五、陈述部分是复合句时要注意的几个问题 1.当陈述部分是一个带有that分句作宾语的主从结构时，疑问部分一般与主句的主谓一致。如： He said that he was right,didn't he? 2.如果陈述部分的主句是I suppose，I believe，I think等结构时，反意疑问部分则往往与that分句中的主语和谓语动词保持对应关系，且要注意否定转移。如： I don't think he is bright,is he? 3.如果主句的谓语是think，但主语不是第一人称，此时反意疑问部分仍与主句保持一致。如： He thinks he will be late,doesn't he? 六、其他几种句型的反意疑问句 1.当陈述部分为there be结构时，反意疑问部分的主语用bethere。如： There aren't enough people to finish the work ,are there? There will be rain in the night,won't there? 2.祈使句反意疑问句的构成。 (1)以left开头的祈使句，反意疑问部分用shall we。如： Let's go out for a walk,shall we? Let's go swimming,shall we? (2)以let us开头的祈使句，反意疑问部分用will you。如： Let us go now ,will. you? Let us have a look at your book ,will you? (3)当祈使句是肯定式时，反意疑问部分可用will you，也可用won't you。如： Tell him to come here,will you? Sit down,won't ,you? Don' t shout, will you? 但won't you一般只用于肯定的祈使句之后。 3.当疑问句以感叹句开头时，反意疑问部分只用否定式，其主语与感叹句主语保持一致。如： What a fine day,isn't it? How interesting the story books are,aren'tthey ? 最后，我们可用口诀的形式归纳总结反意疑问句的要点。即：肯定交叉，二位一致,不管问法，事实回答。 |
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