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新目标英语九年级第6-10单元重点难点考点及疑点内容讲解注释

 许愿真 2014-06-22

Unit 6   I like music that I can dance to.

 

重点、难点、考点及疑点注释
1. I prefer music that has great lyrics. (P44)我更喜欢有好歌词的音乐。
prefer是及物动词,意为“宁愿,更喜欢”,相当于like better。
Which do you prefer(=like better), rice or bread?
你比较喜欢哪一样,米饭还是面包?
句型
◎prefer sb to do sth 表示“宁愿某人做某事”。
They preferred their son to go to the countryside.他们宁可让儿子去农村。
◎prefer+(doing) sth+to (doing) sth表示“宁愿……而不愿……”。
I prefer pears to any other fruit. 我喜欢梨胜过其他的水果。
My grandma prefers taking a walk to sitting in front of the TV.
我奶奶宁愿去散步而不愿看电视。
◎prefer to do sth+rather than do sth表示“宁愿做……而不愿做……”。
My brother preferred to do his homework rather than go to the zoo.
我的弟弟宁愿做作业而不愿去动物园。
2.  I like music that I can dance to.(P44)我喜欢能伴舞的音乐。
dance to是“跟着跳舞”的意思。
They danced to the disco music. 他们跟着迪斯科音乐跳舞。
3.  The music reminds me of Brazilian dance music.(P46)这音乐使我回想起巴西的舞蹈音乐。
remind sb of sb/sth表示“使某人回想起某人/某物”。
This song reminds me of China. 这首歌曲使我想起了中国。
Thank you for reminding me of the meeting I have to attend.
谢谢你提醒我去开那个必须参加的会。
4.  What do you think of it? (P46)你认为它怎么样?
think of和what连用,表示“觉得……怎样”,“认为……如何”,常用来询问对方对某人或某一事物的看法、感受、印象如何,相当于How do you like...?
What do you think of the story?=How do you like the story?
你觉得这个故事怎么样?
短语
◎think highly of... “对……评价高”。
We think highly of their research in the field.
我们对他们在这领域里的研究评价很高。
◎think ill of... “对……评价不好”。
Don’t think ill of him. 不要把他想得太坏。
5.  I can’t stand music that.... (P46)我不能忍受……音乐。
动词stand在这里表示“忍受,经受”。
I can’t stand the fellow. 我不能忍受那家伙。
Can you stand the pain? 你受得了这疼痛吗?
6.  It does have a few good features, though. (P48)可是,它的确有一些好的特色。
助动词does在本句中表示强调,说明我们对正在讨论的事感情强烈,does要重读,后面接动词原形。
You do look nice today. 你今天看起来真是漂亮。
She does talk a lot, doesn’t she? 她的确爱说话,不是吗?
知识拓展
◎助动词does可用在肯定句中,避免重复前面已经用过的某个动词。
She said she’d help me and she did. 她说她将帮助我,她也是这样做的。
◎祈使句中用do可以使邀请的口气更加客气、热情或友好。
Do sit down! 请坐!
7.  ... and some of her best loved photos are on display in this exhibition. (P48)……她的部分深受好评的摄影照片也在这次展览会上展出。
本句中的on display表示“展出,陈列”,与on show同义。
They saw many old things on display (=on show).
他们看到许多展出的文物。
New spring suits are on display (=on show) in the shop window.
商店橱窗陈列着新式春装。
8.  ...they don’t interest me as much. (P48)……它们同样唤不起我的兴趣。
(1)interest 作动词时,表示“使发生兴趣,引起注意”。
The story does not interest me. 这故事引不起我的兴趣。
I try to interest him in our plan. 我设法使他对我们的计划感兴趣。
◎interest sb in doing sth
He tried to interest me in buying the house. 他想说服我买这座房子。
(2)as much在句中表示“同样地,同等程度地”。
That is as much as saying I am a liar. 那无异于说我撒谎了。
9.  Whatever you do, don’t miss this exhibition. (P48)无论如何都别错过这次展览。
whatever在这里是连接代词,意为“任何的事物”、“无论什么”、“无论什么样的”等,是由“疑问词+ever”构成的。
Whatever has a beginning also has an end. 凡事有始必有终。
Whatever you do, you should always do carefully.
不管做什么,你都应该认真。
知识拓展
类似的词还有whenever, wherever, however, whoever,分别是“无论什么时候”、“无论在哪里”、“无论什么方式”、“无论谁”的意思。
Whenever I meet him, he says hello to me with a smile.
无论什么时候我遇到他,他都微笑着和我打招呼。
The little boy went wherever his mother went.
不论他妈妈去哪儿,这个小男孩都跟着。
In my own house, I can do whatever I wish. 在自己家中,我可以随心所欲。
Uncle Tom told his story to whoever wanted to listen.
谁爱听,汤姆叔叔就把他的故事讲给谁。
10.  ...I’m lucky to be here for my six-month English course. (P49)……我很幸运在这里上6个月的英语课。
six-month是由数词加名词构成的复合形容词,中间用连字符连接起来作定语修饰后面的名词。
a two-month holiday=two months’ holiday =a holiday of two months
两个月的假期
a twenty-floor building =a building of twenty floors
一座二十层的楼
辨析
房间里有两个18岁大的男孩。
误:There are two 18-years-old boys in the room.
正:There are two 18-year-old boys in the room.
辨析
注意:连字符后紧跟的名词必须用单数。
11.  I prefer quiet, traditional music so the concert suited me just fine. (P49)我更愿意听安静的传统的音乐,因此音乐会更适合我的胃口。
(1)quiet 表示“平静的,宁静的”,是一个常用词。
This is a quiet street. 这是一条宁静的街道。
(2)suit 表示“适合,合适,相称”,后面既可以接宾语,也可以不接宾语。
The dress suits well. 这衣服很合身。
The dress suits me well. 这衣服很合我身。
12.  My host family is taking me over to an Indian film festival next weekend. (P49)我的房东一家下周末将带我去参加一个印度电影节。
host 的意思是“主人,东道主(可数)”;host family则是指 “房东家”,表示“所借住的人家”。
China is the host country for the 2008 Olympic Games.
中国是2008年奥运会的东道主。
提示
在英语中,“女主人”常用hostess表示。
A good hostess makes her guests comfortable.
一个好的女主人使她的客人十分舒适。
13.  I’m not sure what to expect because I’ve never seen an Indian film. (P49)我没有抱多大的指望,因为我从未看过印度电影。
expect是及物动词,意为“期待,盼望”,其后面常跟动词不定式、从句等。
She expects to come back on Sunday. 她预计星期天回来。
I expect that I’ll finish my homework in 10 minutes.
我预计10分钟后就能做完作业。
提示
expect的后面还可以跟复合宾语。
What do you expect me to say to the teacher? 你希望我和老师说些什么?
14.  People who eat a balanced diet should be healthier than those who only eat biscuits and hamburgers, shouldn’t they? (P50)饮食平衡的人比仅吃饼干和汉堡包的人更健康,不是吗?
本句中的diet意为“饮食,食物”,指的是习惯上吃的食物或规定要吃的食物,特指维持健康的定量或定质的食物,如病人的疗养饮食。
Proper diet and exercise are both important to health.
适当的饮食和锻炼对健康都很重要。
The doctor has ordered me a special diet. 医生给我安排了特殊的饮食。

 

Unit 7  Where would you like to visit?

重点、难点、考点及疑点注释
1.  Where would you like to go on vacation, Sam? (P52)山姆,你想去哪儿度假呀?
(1)go on是不及物动词词组,意为“继续”,其后不能跟名词或代词作宾语。
The teacher asked him to stop talking, but he still went on.
老师叫他别讲,可他还是讲个不停
◎go on后面可以接动词不定式或动词-ing形式,但它们的意义不同。
Let’s go on discussing the question. 咱们继续谈论这个问题吧。
Let’s go on to discuss the question. 咱们接着谈论另外一个问题吧。
短语
go on with表示“继续”,后面可直接跟名词或代词作宾语。
Then Miss Gao went back to her desk and went on with the lesson.
然后高老师回到讲桌后边,继续上课。
◎go on with可与go on doing sth 互换。
Go on with your work(=Go on doing your work).继续做你的工作去吧。
提示
holiday还可以用来表示“节日”,“纪念日”。
Everyone was in his holiday clothes. 人人都穿上了节日的盛装。
2.  v-ing型形容词和v-ed型形容词
本单元出现了大量v-ing型形容词,那么大家对它的用法熟悉吗?在英语中,某些动词的后面加上-ing或-ed,可以变成形容词。
v-ing型形容词具有主动或进行的含义,是人或物本身所具有的品质。常见的词有:
surprise—surprising 令人惊奇的                 excite—exciting令人兴奋的
bore—boring 令人讨厌的        interest—interesting 有趣的
develop—developing 发展中的        move—moving 感人的
inspire—inspiring 鼓舞人心的
v-ed型形容词具有被动或已完成的含义,是由于受到某种影响而产生的结果。常见的词有:
surprise—surprised感到惊奇的        bore—bored 感到厌恶的
excite—excited 感到兴奋的        interest—interested感兴趣的
develop—developed 发达的         move—moved 受感动的
inspire—inspired受到鼓舞的         please—pleased 高兴的
3. For your next vacation, why not consider visiting Paris? (P54)下一次假期为什么不考虑去巴黎呢?
(1)Why not+动词原形相当于Why don’t you+动词原形,表示“为什么不……”,常用来向别人提建议。
Why not study hard? 为什么不努力学习?
Why don’t you ask the policeman for help? 怎么不向那个警察寻求帮助呢?
(2)consider 表示“考虑,细想”,相当于think about,后面接动词时,应用动词的-ing形式。
I first considered writing to him, but then decided to see him.
我开始想写信给他,但后来决定去见他。
4.  Paris is the capital of France, and is one of the liveliest cities in Europe. (P54)巴黎是法国的首都,是欧洲最活跃的城市之一。
lively是形容词,意为“活泼的,活跃的,有生气的”,在句中作定语或表语,用来修饰人或物。
She is a lively girl. 她是个活泼的女孩。
The sports ground is lively with all sorts of ball games.
运动场上要进行各种球类比赛,呈现出一派生气勃勃的景象。
注意:
◎alive作形容词,意为“活着的,在世的”,常作表语,但有时也作后置定语或补语。
He must be alive, for he is still breathing slightly.
他一定还活着,因为他还在轻微呼吸。
He is the only person alive in the accident. 他是这次事故中惟一活下来的人。
An enemy officer was caught alive. 一名敌人军官被活捉了。
◎living是形容词,意为“活着的”,常位于名词之前或之后作定语;作表语时与alive意思相同。
We now know there are no living things on the moon.
我们现在知道月球上没有生物。
Is his grandfather still living/alive? 他的祖父还活着吗?
◎live读作/laiv/时,也作形容词,意为“活着的”,常放在名词之前作定语,它一般不用来修饰人;live读/liv/时,是动词,意为“生活,生存”。
The cat was playing with a live mouse. 这只猫在玩弄一只活老鼠。
Pandas usually live in the south and the southeast of China.
熊猫通常生活在中国的南部和东南部。
5.  It doesn’t have any beaches or mountains, but there are still many things to do there. (P54)它没有沙滩和山脉,但是在那儿仍然有很多的事情可做。
在本句中连词or连接两个被否定的并列成分。
The world’s favorite food isn’t English, Italian, Indian or Japanese, but it’s American fast food. 世界上最受欢迎的食品不是英国食品、意大利食品、印度食品和日本食品,而是美国快餐。
辨析:
他没有弟弟, 也没有妹妹。
误:He has no brothers and sisters.
正:He has no brothers or sisters.
辨析:
在否定句,or是“也不”的意思,而and表示的却是肯定的意义。因此,上句还可以写为He has no brothers and no sisters。
知识拓展
连词or在“祈使句+or+简单句”句型中, 表示“否则,不然”,引出一个相反的结果,本句型可以转换为含否定的if从句。
Get up early, or you’ll be late for school.
→If you don’t get up early, you’ll be late for school.早点起,否则你就会迟到。
短语
◎either...or表示“不是……,就是……”;“或者……,或者……”。
Either you or I am right. 不是你对就是我对。
◎sooner or later意为“迟早”。
Don’t worry. Sooner or later, we can speak English well.
别担心,迟早我们能说好英语。
6.  ...including the Eiffel Tower and Notre Dame Cathedral, one of the most famous churches in the world. (P54)……包括埃菲尔铁塔和巴黎圣母院,世界上最著名的教堂之一。
(1)本句中的include意为“包括”,“连……在内”,指包括或容纳某东西成为整体的一部分,侧重于对比整体与部分。
The money I gave you includes Xiao Wang’s. 我给你的钱里包括了小王的。
The coins included examples of almost all the types of Chinese coin.
这些硬币包括了几乎所有的中国硬币的品种。
特别提示
contain意为“含有,包含,里面装有”,指某物容纳比其更小的东西,侧重所含的量与成分。
The basket contains a variety of fruits. 这个篮子里装有各种水果。
These foods should contain some fat, some fiber, a little salt and so on.
这些食物应该含有一些脂肪、纤维,还应该有一点盐等等。
(2)本句中的famous 是形容词,常用于be famous as或be famous for结构中,意为“因……而闻名”。
◎当主语是表示人的名词时,be famous as表示“以某种身份而出名”,be famous for表示“以某种知识、技能或作品而出名”。
Einstein was famous as a great scientist. 爱因斯坦以一位伟大的科学家而著名。
Einstein was famous for his Theory of Relativity. 爱因斯坦以他的相对论而著名。
7.  Isn’t it supposed to be very hot? (P54)难道天气不应该是很热的吗?
(1)这是一个否定形式的一般疑问句,用来表示说话人提出自己的建议或看法,并希望得到对方肯定的答复。有时它也表示惊讶、不相信、挖苦、批评等意义,其构成是:Isn’t(Aren’t, Don’t, Won’t, Can’t, Couldn’t, Didn’t, Haven’t, Hasn’t等)+主语?
Isn’t he a League member? 难道他不是团员吗?
Haven’t you known him yet? I saw you having dinner with him just now.
你难道还不认识他吗?刚才我还见你和他一起吃饭了呢。
(2)be supposed to 的意思与should近似,意为“被期望或被要求做某事”。
Am I supposed to clean all the rooms or the single one?
我是应该打扫所有房间还是这个单间?
You’re supposed to start work at 8∶30 every morning.
你应该每天早晨八点半开始工作。
8.  My family and I want to take a trip this summer somewhere in the east of China. (P56)今年夏天,我和家人想到中国东部的某个地方去旅行。
(1)名词trip指短距离的旅行,常含有回到原出发地之意。有时在口语中也指远程旅行,这时可与journey替换。
Have a good trip. 一路顺风。
During the four-hour trip, he wandered from car to car.
在四小时的旅途中,他在各个车厢之间逛来逛去。
9.  I hope you can provide me with some information about the kinds of vacations that your firm can offer. (P56)我希望你能给我提供一些贵公司能提供的各种假期旅游的信息。
(1)provide 作动词,表示“供应,供给;预先约定”,可作及物动词,也可作不及物动词。
The farm provided them all the food they needed.
农场提供他们所需要的全部食物。
(2)firm表示“公司,商号,商行”等意思,常指商行,不用于商号名称。
He is thinking of starting another firm in Paris.
他正在考虑在巴黎另开一家公司。
特别提示
offer可作名词,意为“提供,提议,提出”,后面接名词或动词不定式作宾语。
He offered me a glass of wine. 他给了我一杯酒。
The driver offered to drive us to the station.
那位司机主动提出送我们去火车站。
10.  It would be nice if our hotel had rooms with kitchens so we could save money by cooking our own meals. (P56)如果我们住的宾馆房间带有厨房那就太好了,那样的话我们可以自己做饭,也就节省钱了。
(1)with kitchens是介词短语,在句中作定语修饰rooms。with在这里意为“具有,带有”,由其连接的介词短语在句中作定语修饰名词,常用以说明人或物的特征;作状语时,表示一个伴随状态。
Mrs Smith is a woman with big eyes and long hair.
史密斯太太是一位大眼睛、长头发的妇女。
(2)动词save 在本句中是“节省”的意思。
If you want to save time, you’d better make a list before you go shopping.
如果你想节省时间,去买东西之前,先列一张购物清单。
知识拓展
save还有“拯救”,“抢救”,“搭救”;“储存”,“保存”等多种意思。
A lot of land has been saved by the Great Green Wall.
绿色长城拯救了许多土地。
My father saved a lot of money in the bank.
我父亲在银行里存了许多钱。
11.  We all dream about things that we would like to do, and things we hope to achieve in the future. (P58) 我们都梦想着自己想要做的事情,以及我们希望将来要实现的事情。
本句中的in the future意为“将来,未来”,即in the time yet to come。
Who can tell what will happen in the future?
谁能知道将来会发生什么?
In the future, shopping can be done by videophone.
在将来,购买东西能在可视电话中进行。
特别提示
in future意为“今后”,相当于from now on。
In future, be more careful with your spelling.
今后你要更加注意你的拼写。
I advise you not to eat fruit that isn’t ripe in future.
我劝你今后不要吃不熟的水果。
12.  According to the survey, less realistic dreams are also common... (P58)根据调查得知,不现实的梦想也很普遍……。
本句中的common意为“普通的”,“常见的”,“不足为奇的”,有时常发生,对每个人、每个地方都普遍的意思。
Snow is common in cold countries. 在寒冷的国家,下雪是常见的事情。
特别提示
usual意为“平常的”,“通常的”,指在某一地方、某一时间或某一人身上所常见的,往往指常用的东西或常发生的事情。
We followed the usual method of test.我们采用了通常的测试方法。

 

Unit 8   I'll help clean up the city parks.

重点、难点、考点及疑点注释
1.  I’d like to help homeless people. (P60)我想帮助无家可归的人。
homeless是形容词,意为“无家可归的”,由home+后缀-less构成。
特别提示
less后缀通常加在名词的后面,构成形容词,表示与原来名词意思相反的形容词,如groundless 无根据的, odorless 无气味的, careless粗心的,useless无用的。
2.  You could help clean up the city parks. (P60)你可以帮着打扫城市公园。
◎clean up是“清除、除去(垃圾、污物)”等,使地方干净。
Please clean up the room after the party. 聚会后把房间打扫干净。
We should clean up the dirty parts of the sea.
我们应该清除海里的污染部分。
◎clean up还可以表示“挣得,赢得(多少钱)”。
He cleaned up a small fortune. 他发了一笔小财。
特别提示
clean oneself up意为“洗干净”。
Your hands are dirty, you’d better clean yourself up.
你的手脏了,你应该洗洗它们。
3.  You could give out food at a food bank. (P60)你可以在食品供应站分发食品。
give out在这里是“分发”,“散发”的意思。
Our English teacher gave out the examination papers when the bell rang.
我们的英语老师在铃响的时候分发试卷。
◎另外一个意思为“用完”,“消耗尽”。
After a week their food supplies gave out. 一周之后,他们的食物供应用完了。
◎还有一个意思为“发出”,“送出”。
The sun gives out a lot of heat. 太阳能发出热量。
4.  He looks sad. Let’s cheer him up.(P61)他看上去很伤心。我们去帮他振作起来吧。
cheer up sb或cheer sb up意为“(使某人)高兴起来,振作起来”。如果是代词做宾语,则将代词放在中间。
Cheer up! The news isn’t too bad. 不要发愁啦,这消息不错嘛!
He took her to the ballet to cheer her up.
他为了使她高兴起来,便带她去看芭蕾舞。
5.  This volunteer work takes each of them several hours a week, so it is a major commitment. (P62)这份义工每周花了他们每个人好几个小时的时间,所以这是一个重大的贡献。
(1)each of them是指“他们中的每一个”。如果做主语,则谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。
知识拓展
each与every的用法
◎each指一个整体中的每一个,强调个体;every着重于全体的总和,强调整体。试比较:
Each has a different book. (强调各有不同。)
Here every child at the age of six can go to school. (侧重整体,无一例外。)
◎each可作形容词及代词,而every只能作形容词,但可与-one,-body,-thing等构成复合代词。
◎each用在代词或复数名词前要用介词of连接,如each of them, each of the boys; every不能直接跟of连接,如不可以说every of them,而要说every one of them或each of them。
◎every还可以表示“每隔”,后接基数词加名词,如every four weeks, every three months等,此种结构中的every不能用each代替。
She had a rest every fives minutes. 她每隔5分钟就休息一会儿。
魔力纠错
①街道两旁有许多商店。
误:There are many shops on every side of the street.
正:There are many shops on each side of the street.
魔力解析
each可以用来指两个或两个以上的人或物,但是every却总是指三个或三个以上的人或物,不能指两者。
6.  Not only do I feel good about helping other people, but I get to spend time doing what I love to do. (P62)我不仅对帮助别人感到很满足,而且我还渐渐地花时间做自己喜爱做的事情。
(1)not only ... but also (also可省略)是“不但……而且……”的意思,当置于句首时,not only后面从句的主谓要倒装,但but (also)后面的主谓不用倒装。
Not only has he been to Canada, but (also) he knows some Canadians.
他不仅去过加拿大,而且还认识许多加拿大人。
Not only did he teach at school, but (also) he wrote novels.
他不仅在学校里教书,而且还写小说。
7.  “Don’t put it off,” says HuiPing. “Become a volunteer today!” (P62) “别犹豫”,慧萍说,“今天就来当一名自愿者吧!”
(1)put off 意思是“推迟,拖延”。
Never put off till tomorrow what may be done today. 今日事今日毕。
They put off the soccer game because of the rain.
因为下雨,他们把球赛推迟了。
You should not put off going to see the doctor. 你不应该拖延去看医生。
◎put off还可意为“关掉”,相当于turn off。
Please put off the lights before you leave the classroom.
在你离开教室之前,请关掉灯。
(2)become是系动词,表示“变成,成为”,后面接名词、形容词、过去分词等。
She became famous in her city. 她在她所在城市的成为名人了。
知识拓展
become后可接介词of,构成what becomes of sb/sth 表示“某人/某事进展如何”。
What became of the dreams of our youth? 我们年轻时的理想何在?
特别提示
系动词get, turn , grow和become都可表示“变得,感到”,其区别是:
◎get用于日常用语,后面常跟比较级。
The weather gets colder, and the days get shorter. 天气变冷了,白天变短了。
◎turn指在颜色和性质等方面变得与原来不同。
His face turned red. 他的脸变红了。
◎grow着重变化过程。
It’s growing dark. 天渐渐地变黑了。
◎become是指身份、职位的变化,作瞬间动词时,指状态的变化。
He became an artist. 他成为了一名艺术家。
8.  Jimmy takes after his mother. (P63)吉米的言行举止像他妈妈。
本句中的take after sb 表示“长相或举止像(某个长辈)”,不能用于被动语态。
To my surprise, Jack doesn’t take after his father at all.
令我惊奇的是,杰克和他爸爸长的一点儿也不像。
Mary really takes after her mother, she has the same eyes, nose, and hair.
玛丽长得真像她妈妈,眼睛、鼻子和头发一个样。
9.  Jimmy has run out of money. (P63)吉米把钱花光了。
run out of意为“用完”,其主语通常是人,表示主动含义,后面跟宾语。
He has run out of ink.他用完了墨水。
I’m afraid we’re run out of petrol.我们的汽油怕是已用完了。
特别提示
run out也是“用完”的意思,其主语通常是被使用的事物,如时间、金钱、食物等,但不用于被动语态,同时其后也不能跟宾语。
His money soon ran out. 他的钱很快就花完了。
Have you nearly finished? Time is running out. 你快做完了吗?时间快到了。
10.  I fix up bikes and give them away. (P63)我修理好自行车,然后捐赠出去。
(1)fix up相当于to repair,表示“修理,修补,整理”,其后跟物件名词作宾语。
My watch sometimes gains and sometimes loses. Can you fix it up for me?
我的表有时快,有时慢,你能帮我修修吗?
My mother is too old to live on her own, so we’re fixing up the spare room for her. 我母亲年龄太大了,不能自己生活,所以我们正收拾这个多出的房间让她住。
特别提示
如果fix up的宾语是“人”的话,则构成fix sb up with sth句型,表示“为某人安排某件事,向某人提供某物”。
I’ll fix you up with a place to stay. 我来给你安排住处。
(2)give sth away 意思是“捐赠,赠送”。
The rich man gave away most of his money to charity.
那个富人把他的大部分钱都捐给了慈善事业。
知识拓展
◎give away还可以表示“分发或赠与某物,由于大意而未利用或抓住(时机,机会等)”。
The headmaster gave away the prizes at the school sports day.
校长在学校运动会上颁发了奖品。
◎give away还可以表示“有意或无意地泄露某事情或出卖某人”。
The woman gave away state secrets to the enemy.
那个妇女把国家机密泄露给了敌人。
11.  He even handed out advertisements at a local supermarket. (P64)他甚至在当地的一家超市散发广告。
hand out意为“散发”,其中hand是动词。
The teacher is handing out the maths papers. 老师在发数学试卷。
短语链语
hand in“面交”,“上交”。
The students are handing their papers in.学生们在交试卷。
12.  Then he told the teachers at school about his problem ... (P64)然后他告诉老师自己的问题……
tell sb about sth是“把某事告诉某人”的意思,有时表示“嘱咐或语气较轻的命令”,常用于tell sb to do sth结构。
The teacher told us about his story. 老师给我们讲了他的故事。
My mother usually tells me to be careful on my way to school.
妈妈常常告诉我在去上学的路上一定要小心。
13.  The strategies that he came up with worked out fine. (P64)他想到的那些办法获得了成功。
(1)这是一个由that引导的定语从句,先行词是前面的strategies。动词短语worked out在这里作主语the strategies的谓语,意为“产生结果,发展为,结果是……”,后面不可接宾语,主语也不用“人”来充当。
I wonder how their ideas worked out in practice.
我很想知道他们的想法在实践中取得了什么结果。
We didn’t plan it like that but it worked out very well.
我们原不是那样计划的,但结果却很好。
知识拓展
work out的其它用法
It was the best solution that he was able to work out at this time.
这是他这时能想出的最好的解决办法了。(想出)
I can’t work out the meaning of this poem.  我理解不了这首诗的意思。(理解)
短语链语
◎work on意为“从事”。
Professor Green is working on a new book. 格林教授正在写一本新书。
He is working on a maths problem. 他正在算一道数学难题。
◎work on后面无宾语时,表示继续工作。
It’s very late, but they were still working on.
时间很晚了,但他们仍然在继续工作。
(2)fine在这里是副词,可与well替换,意思是“好,顺利”。
The machine works fine. 这台机器运行很好。
Sam is doing fine in his new business.
萨姆在他的新业务中一切进展顺利。
14.  ...Who has filled my life with pleasure. (P66)……使我生活充满快乐的人。
(1)本句中的fill...with...表示一个动作,意为“用……装满……”,其主语通常是人。
He filled the bag with books. 他在书包里装满了书。
Please fill the bottle with milk. 请将瓶子装满牛奶。
知识拓展
be filled with表示一个状态,意为“装满了……”,相当于be full of,其主语通常是人或物。
The room was filled with smoke. 房间里浓烟弥漫。
Her eyes were filled with tears. 她眼睛里充满了泪水。
(2)pleasure意为“高兴,快乐”,是不可数名词;表示“乐趣,高兴的事”时是可数名词。
Reading gives me great pleasure. 读书给了我很多快乐。
It is one of my greatest pleasures. 它是我最大乐趣之一。
◎在口语中It’s pleasure. 是回答感谢的客套语。
—Thank you for your help. 感谢你的帮助。
—It’s a pleasure. 不用谢。
特别提示
◎pleased是形容词,意为“自己感到高兴的,欣喜的,满意的”,指以任何方式表现出来或未表现出来的满足与快乐,在句中常用作表语,其主语为人。
The two friends were very pleased to see each other again.
这两个朋友非常高兴再次见面。
I was pleased that the manager had decided not to be angry with me.
使我高兴的是经理已经不再生我的气了。
◎pleasant也是形容词,表示“使人感到愉快/满意”,一般用作定语,如主语是物,也可以用作表语。
It’s pleasant weather today. 今天的天气令人愉快。
It’s very pleasant to sit down after standing for hours.
站了几小时后坐下来很舒服。
◎please是动词,表示“(使)高兴,满意,愉快”。
Does the cloth please you? 这布料合你的意吗?
15.  Because I can’t use my arms or legs well, normal things like answering the telephone, opening and shutting doors, or carrying things have always been difficult for me. (P66)因为我不能灵活地使用我的手和脚,像接电话、开关门、拿东西这样的事情对于我来说都很难。
(1)本句中的shut意为“关”,在许多情况下可以与close互换,只是后者语气较弱,如close the door关门(也可能指半开半闭),shut the door关门(指把门关紧)。
That shop shuts at eight pm. 那家商店八点钟关门。
He closed his speech with a funny joke. 他用一个有趣的笑话结束了演说。
◎当表示“关闭公路,铁路或交通工具”或作“结束”讲时,只用close。
They have closed the road for thick fog. 由于大雾,那条公路被关闭。
特别提示
turn off用来表示“关闭”有开关的东西,如收音机、电视、煤气、水龙头等。
Please turn off the light when you leave the lab.
在你离开实验室前关掉灯。
Make sure the gas is turned off before you go to bed.
确保上床前把煤气关掉。
(2)本句中的carry意为“搬运,携带”,不表示带到什么地方,而携带的方式可以是提、扛、背、抱、抬等。
She carried a baby in her arms. 她怀里抱了一个孩子。
He was carrying a wooden box on his shoulder.他扛着一个木箱。
特别提示
在后面“Lucky! Fetch my book.”一句中出现的fetch相当于go and bring back,意为“取来,接来”,表示一往一返。
Let’s fetch some water. 咱们去打点水来。
People had to walk many kilometers in order to fetch wood.
为了取木料,人们不得不走许多公里路。

 

 

Unit 9  When was it invented?

 

重点、难点、考点及疑点注释
1.  They’re used for seeing in the dark. (P69)它们被用于在黑夜里观看。
be used for表示“被用来做……”,介词for表示目的和用途,后面接名词或动词-ing形式。
Wood can be used for making paper.木材可以被用来造纸。
知识拓展
含有be used的常用短语:
◎be used as表示“被用作……”,介词as意思是“作为”的意思,其后一般接名词,强调使用的工具及手段。
This book can be used as a textbook.这本书可以当作教科书来用。
◎be used by表示“被……使用”,by后接动作的执行者。
This kind of machine is used by farmers for getting in crops.
农民们用这种机器来收割庄稼。
2.  I think the most helpful invention is the light bulb. (P70)我认为最有用的发明是灯泡。
helpful是由名词help加上-ful后缀构成的形容词,意为“有帮助的”,类似的形容词还有:
thank—thankful (感谢的,感激的)        grate—grateful(感谢的,感激的)
use—useful (有用的)        wonder—wonderful(令人惊奇的)
forget—forgetful (健忘的)         success—successful(成功的)
beauty—beautiful (美丽的)         pain—painful(疼痛的)
3.  I’d like to have a radio because I could listen to music all day. (P70)我想有一个收音机,这样我就可以整天听音乐了。
本句中的情态动词could用来表示逻辑上或理论上的可能性,而不是某种实际上将要发生或正在发生的可能性。
Anybody could make mistake.任何人都可能犯错误。
The weather here could be very cold in winter. 冬天这儿的天气很冷。
特别提示
could也表示人或动物的内在能力,有某种知识或者技能而能够做某事。
He hurt his foot and couldn’t play soccer. 他的脚受了伤,所以他不能踢足球了。
4.  The potato chips were invented by mistake. (P71)土豆条的发明纯属歪打正着。
(1) potato chips是一个复合名词,其中第一个名词用作定语修饰后一个名词,这样的例子有很多,又如: alarm clock, telephone number等。
知识拓展
复合名词变复数的规则,你一定要牢记啊!
◎通常只把主体名词变为复数
school boy—school boys(男生)   apple tree—apple trees(苹果树)
vegetable sandwich—vegetable sandwiches(蔬菜三明治)
girl friend—girl friends(女朋友)
◎如果没有主体名词,在最后一个名词上用复数。
good-for-nothing—good-for-nothings(饭桶、无用的人)
three-year-old—three-year-olds(三岁的孩子)
◎由man, woman和另外一个名词构成的复合名词,两个部分都要用复数。
man teacher—men teachers(男教师)
gentleman farmer—gentlemen farmers (乡绅)
(2)by mistake 表示“错误地(因粗心、遗忘等所致)”。
Sorry, I took your bag by mistake. 对不起,我错拿了你的手提包。
短语链语
mistake ... for “错把……当作……”
5.  George Crum cooked them for a long time until they were crispy. (P71)George Crum将它们做了很长时间,直到它们变脆了。
until常用作介词或连词,用来引导介词短语或从句在句子中作时间状语。
◎在肯定句中,until与延续性、持续性动词连用,表示“直到……为止”。
I worked until late in the afternoon. 我一直干到下午很晚的时候。
◎在否定句中,until常与瞬间动词、短暂性动词连用,表示“直到……才……”,“不到……不……”。
The rain didn’t stop until midnight. 雨直到半夜才停。
I won’t leave until you promise to help me. 你不答应帮助我,我不会离开。
6.  And he sprinkled lots of salt on them so they were salty. (P71) 然后,他在上面撒很多盐,这样它们就咸了。
(1)sprinkle 是“撒、洒”的意思,常构成sprinkle A on/over B 或sprinkle B with A表示“撒(某物)于(某物的表面)”。
She sprinkled sand along the icy path. 她往结冰的路上撒了些沙子。
He sprinkled vinegar on his fish and chips. 他往鱼和土豆上洒了些醋。
(2)salt是不可数名词,其形容词是salty。在英语中,很多名词后加-y可以构成形容词,表示“充满/包含……”,其意思与原来词汇的意思相同,只是词性不同,如cloud—cloudy, hair—hairy, rose—rosy, sleep—sleepy等。
7.  Some leaves from a nearby bush fell into the water and remained there for some time. (P72)附近丛林里的一些树叶掉进了水里,并留在那里很长时间。
(1) fall into在这里是“落入、陷入”的意思。
Some ash fell into my cup. 一些灰掉进我的杯子里了。
A ripe fruit happened to fall into his hand. 一个熟了的果子碰巧掉在他手里。
(2)fall into有时也可以作“开始”解。
He fell into conversation with me. 他开始和我谈起话来。
(3)remain 表示“继续、依然、停留”,后面接名词,动词不定式。
He remained a prisoner for the rest of his life. 他的余生都在牢中度过。
It sounds a good idea, but it remains to be seen whether it will succeed.听起来这是个好注意,可是它能否成功,要等以后才能知晓。
(4)remain后面也可以接副词或介词短语。
She remains in the house all these days. 她这些天一直呆在那栋房子里。
Three out of four of them remained single. 他们四个人中有三个人还是单身。
特别提示
remain还有“剩下、残余”的意思。
I can’t go to the cinema because I have a lot of homework remained undone.
我不能去看电影,因为我还有很多作业未做。
8.  And in this way, one of the world’s favorite drinks was invented. (P72)就这样,世界上最受欢迎的一种饮料产生了。
本句中的in the way意为“就这样”,“以这种方式”。
The song was composed in this way. 这首歌就这样被创作出来了。
In this way, you will find the answer to this question.
用这种方法,你可以找到这个问题的答案。
知识拓展
way主要有以下几种用法:
◎表示“方法”,接不定式,...way to do sth这一结构等于...way of doing sth。
Scientists are trying to find ways to prevent(of preventing) disease.
科学家们正在寻找预防疾病的方法。
There are many ways of traveling(to travel), for example, by air.
旅行有许多方式,例如乘飞机。
◎表示“路途”,“路线”,常构成on one’s/the way to...“在……的途中”。在这一结构中,介词to表示方向,后接名词。如果后面接地点副词如here, there, home时则不用to。
I’m on my way home.我正在回家的路上。
She’s on her way to see the film.她正在去看电影的路上。
◎表示“方向”。
Look this way.看这边。
Go that way.往那边走。
◎表示“距离”,“路程”。
Beijing is a long way from here.北京离这里很远。
9.  Dr Naismith divided the men in his class into two teams, and taught them how to play his new game. (P74)奈斯密斯医生把他的学生分成两组,并教他们如何玩他的新游戏。
本句中的divide...into是动介短语,与separate...into同义,意为“把……划分成”,其中divide是及物动词。
My father divided the cake into four pieces. 我爸爸把蛋糕分成4块。
We divided ourselves into small groups to carry out the plan.
我们分成几个小组来执行这个计划。
10.  It is believed that on December 21st, 1891, the first basketball game in history was played. (P74)人们认为1891年12月21日是历史上的第一次篮球比赛的日子。
(1)本句中的It is believed that... 相当于people believe that...是“人们相信/认为”的意思,that引导的是主语从句。
It is believed that by the year 2010, the population of the world will be seven billion.
=People believe that by the year 2010, the population of the world will be seven billion.人们都认为到2010年,世界人口将达到七十亿。
(2)believe意为“相信”,“认为”,一般表示相信某人是诚实的或某事是真实的,后面可以接名词、代词、从句或复合结构作宾语。
I just could not believe my eyes. 我简直不敢相信我的眼睛。
Scientists believe that whales can live for twenty to thirty years.
科学家们认为鲸可以活二十到三十年。
◎believe可以用于被动语态。
They are believed to have discussed this problem.据说,这个他们已经讨论过了。
特别提示
believe与believe in的含义不同。
◎believe in意为“信奉、信仰”,后面常接表示真理或宗教一类的名词,也可作“信任、信赖”解。
My grandpa believes in Buddhism. 我爷爷信奉佛教。
I can’t believe in his honesty. 我不相信他诚实。

 

 

Unit 10 By the time I got outside,the bus had already left.

 

重点、难点、考点及疑点注释
1.  When I got to school, I realized I had left my backpack at home. (P76)我到学校时才发现把书包落在家了。
(1)had left my backpack at home 这是一个过去完成时的句子,表示在过去某一时间或某一动作之前完成的动作或存在的状态。
By three o’clock yesterday afternoon we had finished the work.
到昨天下午三点,我们已经完成了工作。
She had learned a lot of English before she went to school.
在上学之前,她已经学会了很多英语。
(2)left是leave的过去式,在此处意为“遗忘”,“忘记”,后面常有地点状语。
Li Min left his dictionary in the reading-room yesterday.
昨天李民把词典忘在阅览室里了。
特别提示
forget作“遗忘”解时,后面没有“遗忘”的地点。
I have forgotten the book. 我忘记拿书了。
2.  My alarm clock didn’t go off, and by the time I woke up, my father had already gone into the bathroom and I had to wait for him to come out. (P78)我的闹钟坏了,因此等我醒来的时候,我父亲已经进去洗澡了,我只好等他出来。
(1)go off 是“(闹钟)闹响”的意思,即“发出声音”。
The thieves ran away when the burglar alarm went off.
防盗警报器一响,窃贼立刻逃走了。
(2)by the time I woke up 中的by the time意为“到……的时候”。
By the time he was ten, Tom built a chemistry lab himself.
等到了十岁的时候,汤姆自己建了一个化学实验室。
3.  I started walking, but I knew I couldn’t get to school on time. (P78)我开始步行,但我知道我已经不能按时到达学校了。
(1)start to do sth和start doing sth都表示“开始做某事”,常可相互替换。
At the age of 12, he started writing his own newspaper.
= At the age of 12, he started to write his own newspaper.
他十二岁时,开始编写自己的报纸。
(2)on time在本句中意为“准时,按规定的时间不早也不迟”。
Li Ming’s father seldom goes work on time. 李明的父亲很少准时上班。
The party began on time that evening. 晚会在那天下午准时举行。
知识拓展
time表示“……次/倍”时,是可数名词,其复数形式为times。
How many times did you see the movie? 那部电影你看了几遍?
I have four times as many books as you.我的书是你的4倍。
特别提示
in time意为“及时”。
I will try my best to finish it in time. 我会尽力及时完成。
Will you be home in time to see the children before they go to bed?
你来得及在孩子们上床睡觉之前赶回家看看他们吗?
短语链语
all the time始终、总是, at any time在任何时候, at the same time同时, by the time在……时候以前, from time to time偶尔, have a good/bad time过得快乐/不快乐, in no time立刻, in time及时, many a time屡次, at times有时, take one’s time慢慢来\\别着急, The Times《泰晤士报》(英国一大报), two times three 2乘以3
4.  Luckily, my friend Tony and his dad came by in his dad’s car and they gave me a ride. (P78)幸运的是,我的朋友托尼和他的爸爸乘他爸爸的小车过来了,带了我一程。
(1)luckily是个副词,意为“幸运地,有运气地”,在句中常用作状语。
Luckily, he didn’t hurt himself when he fell. 算他运气好,跌倒了没有受伤。
Luckily, she was in when I called. 真走运,我打电话时她正好在。
(2)give sb a ride意为“让人搭便车”,其中ride是名词。
Please give me a ride to my school, I’m going to be late.
请把我带到学校去,我要迟到了。
If you go to station, I can give you a ride. 如果你去车站,我可以带你一程。
5.  When I got to school, the final bell was ringing. I only just made it to my class. (P78)我到学校的时候,上课铃正在响。我刚好正点赶到教室上课。
(1) final bell在此处作“上课铃”解,有时也写为second bell,而“预备铃”则表示为first bell。
(2) made it在这里表示“到达、赶上”的意思。
You can make it if you hurry. 如果你快一点的话,就会按时赶到的。
6.  Have you ever forgotten to bring your homework to school? (P78)你是否曾经忘记将作业带到学校了呢?
(1)ever在这里是“曾经”的意思,常用于现在完成时里,询问对方是否有过某种经历。
Have you ever been to London? 你曾经去过伦敦吗?
知识拓展
◎ever用于一般疑问句、否定句以及表示条件或比较的从句中,意为“在(以往)任何时候”,“从来”,“在某时”等。
Nowadays he hardly ever comes. 最近他几乎不来了。
None of us will ever forget that exciting scene.
我们大家永远都不会忘记那个令人激动的场面。
◎ever用于特殊疑问句中,意为“究竟、到底”。
Which ever do you want? 你究竟要哪一个?
When ever did you lose it? 你究竟什么时候丢失这个东西的?
◎ever用于含有最高级的从句中,可用来加强语气。
Li Siguang is the greatest scientist that ever lived.李四光是古今最伟大的科学家。
短语链语
◎ever after“从那以后”
They lived happily ever after. 从那以后他们幸福地生活着。
◎ever since“从……以来”
I’ve known him ever since he was a boy. 我从小就认识他。
◎ever so“非常”
Li Xiang is ever so strong. 李翔非常强壮。
◎for ever“永远”
We love our motherland for ever. 我们永远爱我们的祖国。
(2)forgotten to bring是“忘记带来”的意思,构成forget to do sth 句型,表示“忘记将要做某事”(事情还没有做)。
Don’t forget to turn off the lights when you leave the room.
离开房间时不要忘记关灯。
特别提示
forget doing sth 表示“忘记做过某事”(事情做过,但忘了)。
I forgot returning the book to the library.我忘记曾把这本书还给图书馆了。
7.  In 1938, a radio program by actor Orson Welles announced that aliens from Mars had landed on the earth. (P80)1938年,由Orson Welles主持的电台节目宣布来自火星的外星人在地球上登陆了。
(1)announce 意思是“宣布”,常指首次公开或正式宣布人们关心的某件事情。
The new government announced its policy at once.新政府立即宣布了它的政策。
The headmaster announced the result of the exam. 校长宣布考试成绩。
知识拓展
announcer,名词,“宣布者”,“播音员”;announcement名词,“宣告”,“通告”,“预告”。
(2)aliens是“外侨”的意思,在这里指的是“来自另一世界的生物”,与from Mars搭配,表示“来自火星的外星人”。
(3)on the earth意为“在地球上”,而in the earth却是“在地里”,“在地下”的意思。
We live on the earth. 我们生活在地球上。
In the winter some animals hide in the earth. 冬天有些动物藏在地下。
特别提示
on earth表示“究竟”,“到底”,常用在who, what, where, when, why等特殊疑问词后,以加强疑问的语气;也可以用在否定词之后,以加强否定的语气。
How on earth did you know it? 你到底是怎么知道的?
Nothing on earth could make him change his mind.无论什么都不能使他改变注意。
◎on earth还可意为“在世界上”,“世间”,有时用于最高级之后,以加强其含义。
You are the happiest man on earth. 你是世界上最幸福的人。
8.  Welles was so convincing that hundreds of people believed the story, and panic set off across the whole country. (P80)Welles的话是如此具有说服力,以至于成百上千人相信了他的话,全国处于一片恐慌之中。
(1)so...that在这里引导结果状语从句,表示“如此……以至于……”,that后面接从句,常见的句型有:
◎主语+系动词(be, become等)+so+形容词+that从句。
The computer is so useful that each of us wants to buy one.
计算机太有用了,我们每个人都想买一台。
◎主语+行为动词+so+副词+that从句。
He ran so fast that we couldn’t catch up with him. 他跑得太快,我们追不上他。
◎so...that后面也可以跟so many/few加复数可数名词或so much/little加不可数名词。
He had so many falls that he could ride a bike at last.
他摔了很多跤,终于学会了骑车。
There’s so much noise in the meeting room that I can’t hear the speaker clearly.
会议室里的噪音太大,我听不清演讲者的发言。
知识拓展
so...that句型转换的四种方法
◎当从句的主语与主句中的主语一致,且that从句是否定式时,常用too...to...转换。
The little girl was so tired that she couldn’t walk farther.
=The little girl was too tired to walk farther.
这个小女孩太累了,她不能再走路了。
◎当从句的主语与主句中的主语不一致,且that从句是否定式时,常用too...for sb to do sth转换。
The work is so difficult that we can’t finish it in time.
=The work is too difficult for us to finish it in time.
这份工作太难了,我们不能按时完成。
◎当从句的主语与主句中的主语一致,且that从句是肯定式时,常用...enough to do sth转换。
He is so strong that he can lift the heavy box.
=He is strong enough to lift the heavy box.他强壮得足以举起那个重箱子。
◎当从句的主语与主句中的主语不一致,且that从句是肯定式时,常用...enough for sb to do sth转换。
He spoke so clearly that I could hear him.
=He spoke clearly enough for me to hear him.他说得很清楚,我能听明白。
特别提示
so that连在一起使用,意为“为了,以便”,表示目的,此时主句和从句的主语不一定一致;另外,还可以引导结果状语从句,前面一般用逗号。
Speak louder so that we can hear you. 说大声点儿,以便我们听得见。
She was ill, so that she was unable to go with you. 她病了,不能和你一起去了。
(2)convincing 是由动词convince加后缀-ing构成的形容词,意为“令人信服的、有说服力的”,主语通常由表示物体的词来担任。
His speech was very convincing. 他的演讲非常有说服力。
◎convince是及物动词,表示“使……信服”,“使……确信”。
You have convinced me that I should go.你已经说服了我,我应该去。
短语链语
convince sb of  sth“使某人相信某事”
特别提示
convinced作形容词时,表示“坚定不移的、有坚定信仰的”,在句中用作定语,其主语是人。
Mr Smith is a convinced Christian. 史密斯先生是一个虔诚的基督徒。
(3)短语动词set off在本句中是“引起、激起”的意思。
A letter from home set off an attack of homesickness.
一封家信激起了一片思乡之情。
特别提示
set off在作“出发、动身”解时,与set out意思相同。
It was raining when we set off/out. 我们出发时,天还下着雨。
9.   One April Fool’s day, a reporter in England announced that there would be no more spaghetti because the spaghetti farmers in Italy had stopped growing spaghetti. (P80)一个愚人节,有位英国记者宣称以后不会再有意大利式细面条可以吃了,因为意大利的农民已经停止种植生产细面条的植物了。
(1)there would be是there be的过去将来时,也可表示为“there was going to be”或“there were going to be”,意为“过去将有”。
知识拓展
过去将来时由“助动词would/should+动词原形”构成,表示从过去某个时间看将来要发生的动作或存在的状态,常运用于宾语从句中。
The students didn’t know where they would go tomorrow.
同学们不知道明天要去哪儿。
Nobody knew where he would go. 没人知道他要去哪里。
◎过去将来时也常可用“助动词was/were+going to+动词原形”表示。
She said that she was going to speak at the meeting.她说她要在大会上发言。
Li Ping said that she was going to visit her aunt in the town the next Sunday.
李萍说她下个星期日要去拜访住在城里的婶婶。
特别提示
表示位置移动的动词如come, leave, fly, go, arrive等,常用过去进行时表示一个当时按计划或安排近期将要发生的动作。
He didn’t say when he was coming here. 他没有说什么时候要来这里。
She told me that she was leaving for Shanghai next week.
她告诉我说她下周要动身去上海。
 (2)本句中的farmer意为“农夫、农场主、经营农业者”,主要指经营农场的人,主要用于英国、澳大利亚、加拿大、新西兰、美国等,因为这些国家的农业以农场经营为主。
Are you a farmer? 你是个农民吗?
特别提示
peasant意为“农民”,常指非英语国家的雇农、佃农或自耕农。在我们国家,目前将“农民”都译为peasant。
What’s the old peasant saying to them? 那位老农在对他们说什么?
10.  By the time people realized that the story was a hoax, all of the spaghetti across the country had been bought. (P80)当人们意识到这是一个骗局的时候,全国的意大利面条都已被买完了。
have been bought是现在完成时的被动语态,其构成为:has/have been+过去分词。
Man-made satellites have been sent up into space by many countries.
人造卫星已被许多国家发射到太空。
特别提示
现在完成时被动语态结构中有两个过去分词,其中has/have为助动词,因此其各种句型转换均应借助于has/have来完成。构成否定句时直接在 has/have后面加not,构成一般疑问句时将has/have提前。
Has this bridge been finished? 这座桥竣工了吗?
His homework hasn’t been finished.  他的家庭作业还没有写完。
11.  A famous TV star once invited his girlfriend onto his show on April Fool’s Day. (P80)从前,有位著名的电视明星在愚人节那天邀请他的女友参加他的演出。
本句中的show用作名词,表示“演出”,“展览”。
The show begins at eight o’clock. 演出8点钟开始。
There is going to be an art show next week. 下周有一个美术展览。
知识拓展
show作动词时,表示“给……看”,“出示……”。
He showed his ticket at the door.他在门口出示了门票。
短语链语
on show表示“展览、陈列”,相当于on display。
12.  She was thrilled, because she really wanted to get married. (P80)她很激动,因为她真的想结婚。
(1)thrilled是形容词,意为“非常激动的、非常兴奋的”,常用来说明一个人的心情。
He was thrilled when he heard the news. 他听到这个消息时很激动。
She was thrilled and shy when she heard “I love you” from her boy friend.
当她听到她男朋友说“我爱你”的时候,她很激动也很害羞。
(2)get married是固定短语,意为“结婚”,表示动作;而be married表示状态,意为“结婚了”,这两个短语都可以和介词to连用。
She’s married to my brother. 她嫁给了我哥哥。
They’re saving up to get married. 他们储蓄准备结婚。
魔力纠错
他和我的一个朋友结了婚。
误:He was married with a friend of mine.
正:He was married to a friend of mine.
魔力解析
当表示“与……结婚”时,marry用作及物动词,其后接介词to,而不能用with。
特别提示
marry是短暂性动词,当表示“结婚多长时间”时,要用be married。
Lucy married Robert two years ago.
= Lucy has been married to Robert for two years.
=It is two years since Lucy married Robert.
=Two years have passed since Lucy married Robert. 露茜和罗伯特结婚两年了。
知识拓展
◎问某人“婚否”时应说Are you married?或Is he married?等;如果“未婚”,可以说I’m single.。
◎问某人“何时结的婚”应说When were you married?或When did you get married?。

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