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新目标九年级英语Unit 6—10 重难点解析

 许愿真 2014-06-22

新目标九年级英语单元重点讲解Unit 6 I like music that I can dance to重难点解析
Unit 6 I like music that I can dance to
重难点解析(1

[教材全析] 
SECTION A
Language Goal:Express preferences  
语言目标:表达偏爱
1a  What kind of music do you like?Look at the picture and circle the sentences you agree with.Then write your own sentences.
你喜欢什么音乐?看图画并且圈出你同意的句子。然后写下你自己的句子。
I prefer music that has great lyrics.
我喜欢有不错的歌词的音乐。
I love music that I can sing along with.
我喜欢我可以随着一起唱的音乐。
I like music that isn’t too loud.
我喜欢不是太吵闹的音乐。
I like music that I can dance to.
我喜欢我可以随之舞动的音乐。
对话中的四个句子都包含定语从句。它们是由关系词that引导的定语从句,关系词的作用除了在从句中作一成分以外,它还替代其前面被修饰的名词或代词。在这几个从句中that替代了其前面的名词music,并且还在从句中充当主语或宾语。由于它替代的名词是个不可数名词,所以当它在从句中作主语时,从句的谓语动词也得使用动词have/be的第三人称单数形式has/is
例题探究:
请看下面的句子:All that glitters is not gold.
根据上述对定语从句的讲解中的知识,你认为该从句中的关系词是①________,它是用来替代②________的,在从句中的成分是③________
1b  Listen.Check (√)the kinds of music Tony and Betty like.
听并且检查托尼和贝蒂所喜欢的音乐(打号)。
2a  Listen and circle “T”(for true)or “F”(for false).
听并且圈出T(正确)F(错误)
Carmen likes musicians who play different kinds of music.


卡门喜欢演奏不同种类音乐的音乐家。
Xu Fei prefers groups that play quiet and gentle songs.
许飞更喜欢演唱柔和、文雅的歌曲的组合乐队。
现在我们看一下定语从句中关系词的使用。本单元我们着重学习的是关系代词的使用。关系代词在从句中可以作主语、宾语或者表语。其中who是替代先行词是人的名词或代词的,而关系词that被用来替代先行词是人或者物的名词或代词,关系代词which只被用来替代先行词是物的名词或代词。
例题探究:
将下面各题中的两个句子合并为一个含有定语从句的句子。
a.I don’t like the movie.The movie is very boring.
I don’t like the movie________is very boring.
b.Do you know the girl?She is wearing a blue dress.
Do you know the girl________is wearing a blue dress?
2c  Make conversations using the information from activities 2a and 2b.
利用2a2b中的信息编对话。
Grammar Focus
语法聚焦
Rosa likes music that’s quiet and gentle.
罗萨喜欢柔和、文雅的音乐。
I love singers who write their own music.
我喜爱自己写音乐的歌手。
We prefer music that has great lyrics.
我们更喜欢有好的歌词的音乐。
语法聚焦中的定语从句的关系词都是代词,请判断下面的句子有什么不同:
And in places where there are rivers and lakes,students usually ride bikes to school or take buses.
在有河流和湖泊的地方,学生们通常骑自行车或者坐公交车到学校。
首先我们观察到两个问题:上面所提供的例句中的关系词是一个副词,它在从句中是作状语成分的。
例题探究:
用下列关系词填空that,where,who,which
a.Do you like the books________write about the universe?
b.Don’t believe people________always praise you.
c.I can’t remember the place________we visited last month.
d.Have you been to the museum________people can take photos of the things on show?

3a  Read Jennifer’s CD review.Then match the sentence parts.
读杰内佛对激光唱片的评论。然后将句子连起来。
cdsreview.com
唱片评论
e-meail address
电子邮件地址
Jennifer@
odk.com
What’s the name of your favorite CD?
你最喜欢的激光唱片的名字是什么?
It’s “Dance,Dance,Dance”.
它是跳,跳,跳
You can take
this CD to a party.
你可以带它去舞会。
Also,these musicians write their own lyrics.
而且这些音乐家们自己写歌词。
What do you dislike
about this CD?
你不喜欢这光盘的什么?
What does it remind
you of?
这音乐让你想起什么?
The music reminds me of Brazlian dance music.
这音乐使我想起了巴西的舞蹈音乐。
1.It’s the kind of music________
2.She likes musicians________
3.She doesn’t like songs________
4.She likes singers________
5.The music is like________
a.who write their own lyrics.
b.Brazilian dance music.
c.who sing the words clearly.
d.that you can dance to.
e.that are too long.
3b  Talk with your partner about a CD you listened to recently.Ask and answer the questions in activity 3a.
与你的同伴谈论你最近听到过的一张光盘。对活动3a中的问题进行问答。
What CD did you listen to
recently?
你最近听了什么光盘?
I listened to one called Heart Strings.
我听了一首叫做《心弦》的光盘。
What do you think of it?
你觉得它怎么样?
I enjoy it a lot
.
我十分喜爱它。
The singer writes her own songs.I prefer singers who write their own lyrics.
那个歌手自己写的歌曲。我更喜欢自己写歌词的歌手。
询问某人对一件事情的看法,可以有如下两种方法:
a.What do you think of...

b.How do you like...

What do you think of China? =How do you like China
?
你觉得中国怎么样?
4  Complete this survey.Then find classmates who agree with you.
完成这份调查,然后找出同意你的意见的同学。
I can’t stand music that________.
我不能忍受……的音乐。
stand
此处意为忍受
I can’t stand being treated like this.
被这样对待,我受不了。
I don’t like musicians
who ________.
我不喜欢……的音乐家。
I like groups that wear really cool clothes
.
我喜欢穿非常酷的服装的组合。
clothes
表示衣服,只有复数形式。不受数词修饰,但可受many,few修饰。
SECTION B
1  Fill in the chart.Write names of your favorite band,book,and movie.
填图表。写出你最喜爱的乐队、书和电影。
2a  Listen and write down the three things in the picture that Michael and Ali talk about.
听并写下迈克尔和艾丽所谈论到的图画中的三件东西。
2b  Listen again.Write what Michael likes and why he likes each thing.
再听一遍,写出迈克尔喜欢什么和喜欢每件事物的原因。
2c  Discuss your favorite things from activity 1.Say why you like each thing.
讨论活动1中的你最喜爱的事物。说一下你喜欢每件事物的原因。
在英语中有许多可以用来描绘电影特点或者性质的词汇,现列举如下:
scary
恐怖的  interesting有趣的  boring无趣的  sad悲伤/哀的  exciting激动人心的  relaxing轻松的
3a  Read the reviews.Circle the things the reviewers like,and underline the things the reviewers don’t like.
读一下评论。圈出评论者喜欢的事情,并且在评论者不喜欢的事情下面划线。
好句共享:
1.This is Hung Tao’s latest
movie.
这是弘涛最近的一部电影。
想准确地说明late的含义,必须认真地审视整个句子,现提供late的基本含义和例句。
late adj.
迟的,(),已故的,新近的
Don’t be late for class.
上课不要迟到。
 This is the photo of his late wife.
这是他亡妻的照片。
adv
,,最近,在晚期
Many sleep late on Sunday morning,but others don’t.
许多人在星期天早晨睡懒觉,而有些人不是这样。
下面是与late有关的两条谚语:
Better late than never.
晚做总比不做好;迟来总比不来强。
It is never too late to learn.
活到老,学到老。
2.It does
have a few good features,though.
虽说它的确有一些不错的特色。
does
在本句中是助动词,用于强调动词,加强语气。 其含义是务必、事实上。当作为这种用法时,在该助动词后面跟动词原形。
I do believe you.
我真的相信你。
例题探究:
看一看,如何才会使下面的两个句子在表达上有所不同。做做译译:
He came,but did nothing.
他来了,但是什么也没有做。
He________ ________,but did nothing.
3.Be sure to see this exhibition
at the Lido Gallery.
一定要来丽都画廊看看这个展览。
本句是祈使句,be sure to表示务必、一定要、别忘了,后跟动词原形。
Be sure to lock the door.
一定把门锁上。
例题探究:
sure构成的句式结构基本上有三种形式。请看:
be sure to do sth./be sure of (doing) sth./be sure that+
从句
在使用这三种句式结构时,一定要注意它们所表达的含义的异同。你能准确地译出下面三个句子吗?
(1)Peter is sure to pass the exam.
___________________________________________________

(2)Peter is sure of passing the exam.
___________________________________________________

(3)Peter is sure that he will pass the exam.
___________________________________________________

4.The few
city photographs are less successful.
城市的照片为数不多,也不是很成功。
在学习单词few的时候,我们必须联系到其他几个词汇/组的用法,这样在实际运用中才能准确无误。下面来看few以及与之有关的词汇/组的基本用法。
few adj./n.
几乎没有
I have few friends in the neighborhood.
我在附近没有几个朋友。
a few adj./n.
几个,一些
There are a few apples on the tree.
树上有几个苹果。
例题探究:
选用few,a few,little,a little填空
Our teacher asked us some questions,but________of us can answer,so he got________angry.
解析:从下句的转折连词but可以推出用的是否定含义,并且代表的是可数名词。第二空填a little,因为我们没有能够回答问题,老师肯定是生气的,修饰形容词应当使用副词。
答案:few,a little
5.Some of her best loved photos are on display in this exhibition.
她所钟爱的一些照片在这次展览中展出了。
on display
意为展览,在本句中作表语。另外,它还可以用作定语,修饰限制前面的名词。
The things on display in the museum are ancient farm tools.
在这个博物馆展出的东西是古代农具。
6.As the name suggests,the band has lots of energy.
从名字上来联想,这个乐队有很多活力。
suggest
具有三个基本含义:建议/暗示,表明/使想起,使联想到
He suggested going out for a walk.
他建议出去走走。
The police suggested that the thief might be one of the family members.
警察当局提出窃贼可能是一名家庭成员。
The thought of summer suggests swimming.
想到夏天,就使人联想到游泳。
3b  Now use the information from the reviews to complete this chart.
现在利用评论中的信息来完成此表。
3c  Write a review of a book you have read,a CD you have listened to,or a movie you have seen.
评论一下你所读的一本书、听过的一张唱片或你看过的电影。
4  What’s happening in your city next week?Fill in the calendar with special events.Then discuss what you would prefer to do together.
下一周你们城市会发生什么事情?在日历上填入特别的事件。然后讨论一下你们希望在一起做什么。

 

SELF CHECK
1  Fill in the blanks with the words given.Then make your own sentences with the words.
用所给的单词填空,然后用这些单词造句。

 


2  Read this e-mail and then write a reply to Lingling.
读这封电子邮件,然后给玲玲一个答复。
好句共享:
1.I’m having a great time in Hong Kong,although
I have to be honest and say that I prefer Shanghai.
在香港我玩得很开心,虽然说实话我还是喜欢上海。
(1)have a great time
表示玩得非常开心,相当于enjoy oneself
例题探究:
将下面的句子变成同义句:
We had a good time during our stay in Wuhan.
We________ ________during our stay in Wuhan.
(2)although
表示虽然,与汉语习惯不同,它不能与但是”(but)一起使用。它们当中只能使用其中的一个。
He kept on working although he was tired.=He was tired,but he kept on working.
虽然他累了,但是他还是继续工作。
2.I prefer quiet,traditional music so the concert suited me just fine
.
我喜欢恬静的、传统的音乐,所以那场音乐会很适合我。
fine
这个单词在本句中被用作副词,修饰动词suit “适合
It suits me fine.
对我太合适了。
Reading:I only eat food
that tastes good.
我只吃尝起来好的食物。
Section 1
Look at the diets of two people.Discuss which diet is healthier and why.
看这两个人的食谱。讨论哪一种食谱更健康,原因是什么。
Section 2
Learning Strategy  
学习策略
KNOWING DIFFERENT STYLES OF ENGLISH
学习英语的不同类型
There are many styles of English:To learn to “speak” English,read plays and novels that contain spoken languages
.And to learn to “write” English,read newspaper articles.Notice the difference.
英语有多种形式:学会口头英语,读口语化的戏剧和小说。也要学会书面英语,读报纸上的文章。注意其中的不同。
好句共享:
1.But to be honest,I only eat food that tastes good
.
说实话,我只吃味道鲜美的食物。
honest
是形容词,意思是诚实的,老实的,正直的
to be honest
的意思是说实话
To be honest,I don’t think we have a chance of winning.
说实话,我们没有获胜的可能。
2.I want to take care of my health
,so I eat mainly fruit and vegetables.
我想关注好我的健康,所以我主要吃水果和蔬菜。
take care of=look after,
照顾的意思。
Would you like to help me take care of my cat?
你愿意帮我照顾我的猫吗?
3.Even if you don’t like it?
即使你不喜欢它?
even
的意思是甚至,更
even if=even though,
意思是即使,纵然
I will help you,even if I don’t sleep for a night.
即使我一夜不睡觉,我也要帮助你。
3a  Go through the dialog and find all the language that is only used when speaking.Add them to the table below.
浏览一遍对话,找出口语对话时的语言。
把它们加到下面的表格中。

 


3b  Use information from the dialog to match the statement with the person.
利用对话中的信息将评论和人连线。
This person is shocked by what others eat.
看到别人吃的食物这个人震惊了。

 

 

3c  Write each type of food or drink from the reading in the correct column.
把阅读中每种种类的食物和饮料填在正确的表格中。
THINGS THAT ARE GOOD FOR US
对我们有好处的东西 THINGS THAT ARE BAD FOR US对我们有害的东西
 
Section 4  Go For It!
动脑筋
Do a class survey to find out about diets.check(v.) each person’s answer under the YES or NO column.Discuss the results of the survey.
作一个关于食谱的班级调查,在每个人答案下栏划“√”,讨论调查结果。
Do you care how much fried food you eat?
你在意你吃多少油炸食品吗?  
 1a
prefer vt.  
宁可,宁愿(选择);更喜欢;(比较起来)喜欢……(而不喜欢……)
基本用法:
a.prefer doing/to do
更喜欢做某事
I prefer singing/to sing.

我喜欢唱歌。
b.prefer doing to doing
喜欢做……而不喜欢做……
I prefer reading to singing.
比起唱歌来我还是喜欢读书。
c.prefer to do sth. rather than do sth.
宁愿做某事而不愿做某事
I prefer to stay home rather than go out to play.
我宁可呆在家里也不愿出去玩。


例题解答:
     that  all  ③主语

 


2a
different adj.
不同的
We study in different classes.
我们在不同的班学习。

在该词根基础上的词性变化是:
difference n.
不同
differently adv
不同地
其反义词:same

 

 

例题解答:
a.that/which
因为先行词是表示事物的名词。
b.who/that
因为先行词是表示人的名词。

 

own v. 拥有
Who owns this pet?
谁拥有这个宠物?
adj.
自己的


I won’t believe it until I see it with my own eyes.
直到我亲眼看到我才能相信它。
词组:on one’s own独自
I do not need your help,I can do it on my own.
我不需你帮忙,我自己能做。

 

例题解答:
a.that/which
b.who/that
c.that/which  
先行词the place在从句中充当visit的宾语。
d.where  
先行词the museum在从句中作状语,故用副词。

3a
@在电子信箱中的含义为at
take含意为带走,是将人/物品带离说话者所在的地方。其反义词是bring
Please bring your homework when you come to school tomorrow.
明天来学校的时候,请将作业带到学校来。
dislike v.& n. 不喜欢
Please tell me about your likes and dislikes.
请告诉我你喜欢和不喜欢的事情。
remind的基本词义是提醒、使人想起。其常用的形式有:
a.remind sb.of sth.
b.remind sb.that+
宾语从句
c.remind sb.to do sth.

3a答案:
1.d  2.a  3.e  4.c  5.b

 

 

 


3b
listen在英语词汇中是不及物动词,不及物动词的特点是不能在其后直接加宾语。假如它后面需要有宾语,则必须在其后加上一个介词。
a lota lot of/lots of之间的区分使用:
a lot
是副词,修饰动词、副词、形容词。而a lot of/lots of是形容词,修饰名词。
③还有一句与这两句的结构相似,但是我们一定要注意其含义的细微差别:
What do you like about China?
你喜欢中国的什么?

 

 

 

4
musician的词根是music,表示音乐家、乐曲家

 

clothing衣服的总称,没有复数形式,除表示衣服之外,还包括鞋、帽等。

 

1
电影有movie,film,moving picture等说法。

 

 


2c
假如人们看了具有这些特点或性质的电影,他们的感受分别就是:scared,interested,bored,sad,excited, relaxed

 

 


3a
①像late这样的形容词的最高级在句子中其前一般应当加定冠词,可是当其前有物主代词his,my,her,their等修饰时,则要去掉定冠词。
He’s the best player,and he’s also my best friends.
他是最好的队员,也是我最好的朋友。

 

 

 

 


②在祈使句中也经常出现这样的强调语气。
Do come earlier next time.
下次可要早来呀。
例题解答:did come
强调一般过去时态,故用did
本句的含意是:他是来了,但是什么也没有做。

 

exhibition的动词形式是exhibit
She exhibited her paintings at our school.
她在我们学校展览她的绘画。

例题解答:
(1)
彼得肯定能通过考试。(表达说话者的观点,并不是彼得本人的看法)
(2)
彼得确信自己能通过考试。(是彼得本人的看法)
(3)
彼得确信自己能通过考试。(是彼得本人的看法)

 

littlea little也表达fewa few相应的含义,但用法不同。
little adj./adv./n.
几乎没有,几乎不
I have little time to finish this work.
我的时间太少完不成这项工作。


You eat very little.
你吃得很少。
Little has been said about that.
对于那件事情几乎没谈。
a little adj./adv./n.   
一点,一些
He speaks a little Spanish.
他会讲一点西班牙语。
feel a little cold
觉得有点冷
There isn’t much tea,but we only need a little for a cup of tea.
没有多少茶叶了,但是我们只需要一点儿来泡杯茶喝。

 

 

 

 

 

 


3b
答案:Pros:
Exhibition:There are many great photos of people and of the countryside.
Band:They play the kind of music that I love to hear.Cons:
Movie:It’s too long and it’s really boring.
Exhibition:The few city photographs are less successful.
Band:Every song is really loud and often you can’t understand the words.

1答案:
1.prefer
2.reminds
3.looking for
4.love
5.can’t stand

2
①在这儿althoughthough可以相互替换。although“虽然,不能与but一起使用,但是可以与语气较弱的yet(但是)连用。


例题解答:enjoyed ourselves
当使用enjoy oneself来替代have a good/great time时,一定要注意句子的主语的单复数,从而确定oneself的单复数形式。本句的主语是we,所以oneselfourselves


fine经常被用作形容词,表示天气晴朗或身体健康等。

 

taste是系动词,后面用形容词作表语。

 

 

 

 

spoken language表示口语,如:spoken English,表示英语口语,而English speaking表示说英语的。


taste的意思是尝,辨,品尝。后面加形容词构成系表结构。
It tastes sweet.
这东西尝起来很甜。

 

health是名词,健康的意思,它的形容词是healthy
keep healthy=keep in good health
保持健康的意思。

 

 

 


3a
go through
的意思是仔细讨论,仔细查看,全面研究
Go through your plan before you make a decision.
在决定之前先仔细看一下你的计划。

3b
PETER  5  6
LAURA  4
KIM  1  2  3
others
是个代词,相当于other再加上一个名词的复数。
Don’t laugh at others=Don’t laugh at other people.
不要嘲笑别人。

3c
type
的同义词为kind
this type/kind of computer(s)
这种计算机


care
在这里相当于mind
I’ll go,I don’t care/mind what happens.
我要去,我不在乎出什么事情。
care for/care to do
表示想要
I don’t care to go there.
我不愿意去那里。

 新目标九年级英语Unit 7 重难点解析

新目标九年级英语单元重点讲解Unit 7 Where would you like to visit?重难点解析
Unit 7 Where would you like to visit?
重难点解析(1


[教材全析] 
SECTION A
Language Goal:Talk about places you would like to visit.
语言目标:谈论你想参观访问的地方。
1a  Write adjectives to describe the three vacations in the picture below.Use adjectives from the box and other adjectives you know.
使用框中的或者你所知道的其他形容词写出下表中描述三个休假的形容词。
Where would you like to go on vacation,Sam?
萨姆,你想到哪里去度假?
I’d like to trek through
the jungle,because I like exciting vacations.
我想穿越丛林,因为我喜欢激动人心的假期。
(1)would
是情态动词,like一起连用时,同wanthope的含义是一样的。含有would like的句子的一般疑问句、否定句的变化方法如下:
Would you like to join us in the party?
你想参加我们的聚会吗?
I wouldn’t like to go out with you.
我不想跟你出去。
(2)go on vacation
表示去度假,而be on vacation表示在度假
(3)trek
作动词时的基本含义是进行艰苦的长途旅行。
1b  Listen.Where would Sam,Gina,and Lydia like to go on vacation?Why?Fill in the chart.
听录音。萨姆、吉娜和丽达想到哪里去度假?为什么?填入图表中。
1c  Look at the vacation posters in activity 1a.Practice conversations with your partner.Then tell which place you would like to visit and why.
看活动1a中的假期海报。同你的伙伴练习对话。然后说出你想访问的地点和原因。
2a  Listen and number these statements in the order that you hear them.
听并且按照你听到的顺序给下列说法编写序号。
I hope to see Niagara Falls some day.
我希望有一天能去看看尼亚加拉河瀑布。
some day
表示某一天,有一天,本句中的some表示某一的含义。
He went to some place in Africa.
他到非洲某地去了。
2b  Listen again.Why do the people decide not to visit these places?Match each place with a reason.
再听一遍。人们为什么决定不参观这些地方?将地点和理由连起来。
2c  Use the information in activities 2a and 2b to role play conversations.
利用2a2b中的信息来表演对话。
I do,too.I like places where the weather is always warm.
我也是。我喜欢气候温暖的地方。
“I do,too.”
是一个省略句,在英语中常用do/does/did来替代上文中已经出现的实义动词。本句中的I do,too相当于:I hope to visit Hawaii some day,too.
3a  Read this newspaper article about Singapore.Circle the things you like about visiting Singapore.Underline things you don’t like.
读这篇报纸上有关新加坡的文章,圈出你访问新加坡时喜欢的事情,在不喜欢的事情下面划线。
好句共享:
1.For your next vacation, why not
consider visiting Singapore?
下一次假期为什么不考虑到新加坡游览?
(1)Why not+do sth.
表示劝某人做某事。相当于How/What about doing sth.或者Shall we do sth.
Why not ask MrSmart?He knows everything.
为什么不去问斯马特先生,他可什么都知道啊。
例题探究:
Why not try a third time?(
变成同义句)
Why________ ________ ________ a third time?
(2)consider doing sth.
表示考虑做某事,在consider后的动词用动名词形式。
2.Don’t plan on driving a car in Singapore.
不要打算在新加坡驾车(旅游)。
本句中的plan on是个较口语化的词组,表示想要、打算的含义。由于受介词on的影响,所以本句中的drive使用了动名词形式。
3b  Practice the conversation below.Then make new conversations with the information in the box.
练习下面的对话,然后用框内的信息编写新的对话。
Isn’t it supposed to be
very hot?
难道不是很热吗?
be supposed to...
表示被认为、被看作是,据说的含义。
You’re supposed to be an expert,but you don’t know much about it,do you?
人们认为你是个专家,可是你对此并不很在行,是不是?
Hong Kong/very crowded
/interesting/great entertainment
Mexico City/dangerous
/exotic/lots to do
New York/touristy/fascinating/wonderful galleries

SECTION B
1  Brainstorm a list of things that are important to you when you go on vacation.
集体讨论一下当你出游时对你来说是重要的一些事情。
2a  Jeff has a summer job at a travel agency.Listen to the conversations and number the pictures.
杰芙夏天的时候在旅游社有一份工作。听对话并且给图画编上序号。
2b  Listen to the conversations again and complete the chart.
再听一遍对话,完成图表。
2c  Look at the chart above.Role play Jeff’s conversations.
看上面的图表。扮演杰芙的对话。
A:Where would you like to go?
你想去哪里?
B:I’d like to go somewhere
warm.
我想到一个温暖的地方。
A:What else
can you tell me?
你还想告诉我什么?
B:I don’t want...
我不想……
(1)
对话中的go somewhere中的somewhere是副词,表示某处
go somewhere out of town
到城外某处去
(2)else
在英语中的位置通常是放在特殊疑问词及由some-,any-,no-组成的合成代词后面,表示别的、其他的
Is there anyone else who can solve this problem?
还有什么人能够解决这个问题吗?
3a  Read the e-mail message.Then read the statements about the e-mail message.Write “T”(for true),“F”(for false),or “DK”(for don’t know).
阅读电子邮件,然后读一读关于对电子邮件的描述。对的写“T”,错的写“F”,不知道的写“DK”

 

 

好句共享:
1.I hope you can provide me with some information about the kinds of vacations that your firm
can offer.
我希望你能提供有关你们公司休假种类的一些信息。
provide vt.
供应;供给
They provide us with food.
他们供给我们食物。
We provided food for the hungry children.
我们为饥饿的孩子提供食物。
2.We’d like to be away
for about three weeks.
我们打算离开三个星期。
本句中的away是副词,表示离开
He is away today.
他今天不在。
我们通常会见到动词与away组成的词组:
run away
逃掉
take away
拿走
right away
立刻,马上
3b  Imagine you work for Ace Travel Agency.Write an e-mail message to S.T.Zhang.Tell where you think he or she should go on vacation.
假设你在旅游咨询处工作,给S.T.Zhang写一份电子邮件,告诉你觉得他(她)应当到什么地方旅游。
4  Complete the survey using words from the box and any other words.Then survey three students.Agree on the best place to go.
利用框中的或任何别的单词来完成调查。然后调查三个学生。在最佳去处方面达成一致的意见。
Confucius was born there.It’s very educational.
孔夫子出生在那儿。它很有教育意义。


SELF CHECK
1  Fill in the blanks with the words given.Then make your own sentences with the words.
用所给的单词填空,然后用这些单词造句。
1.Could you ________ me with information baout student exchange programms
?
2.My mother is going to ________ Beijing Duck
tonight.Would you like to come for dinner?
3.Shanghai is cold this time of year
.You need to ________ warm clothes if you go there.
2  Which of these places would you like to visit most?Write an article about why you would like to go there.
你最想到这些地方中的哪个地方参观?写一篇有关你想去那个地方的原因的文章。
I’d like to go to a beautiful place.I think it would be Paris.If I went there...     _______________________
本篇短文的开始提出想去一个美丽的地方旅游,使用了would这种带有不确定语气的词汇,说明此人尚未去旅游,那么后面用if引导的句子怎么却使用了过去时态呢?这在英语中是虚拟语气的一种用法,表示对当前或将来不可能或难以实现的事情提出假设。
If I went to the moon,I would take some photos there.
假如我上了月球,我就拍些照片。
If I had money tomorrow,I would buy an expensive car.
假如明天我有钱了,我就买一辆贵的汽车。
Just for Fun!
小笑话!
A:Where would you like to go on vacation?
你假期想到哪里去?
B:I want to go somewhere really cool!
我想到某个确实凉爽的地方去。


Reading: I’d love to sail
across the Pacific.
我想要乘船横渡太平洋。
Section 1
1a  Think of an example of a hope and a dream.Do you think hopes and dreams are the same?
想要一个希望和一个梦想的例子。你认为希望和梦想是一样的吗?
1b  Read slowly.Underline information that you think is important to remember.
慢读,划出你认为需要重点记忆的信息。
Section 2
Learning Strategy
阅读策略
READING WITH FOCUS
集中阅读
Adjust
the speed you read according to the amount of detail you need to take in.
通过你需要理解的细节的总量来调节你阅读的速度。
Underline key points as you read,to remember what you read.
划出你所读的要点,记住你所读的。
Read faster the second time you read.
在读第二遍的时候速度要快。
好句共享:
1.We received several different answers to the question.

我们收到了这个问题的几个不同的答案。
receive
accept的区别:
receive
是客观上收到,而accept是主观上收到。
I received his invitation but did not accept it.
我收到了他的请贴,但并没有接受他的请求。
2. According to
the survey,the most popular choice of job is computer programming.
通过调查最受欢迎的工作选择是计算机程序。
3. ...but many students reported that they were willing to work hard to achieve their dream.
但是许多学生在报告中说他们愿意努力工作来实现他们的梦想。
be willing to do sth.
的意思是愿意……”
Are you willing to help me?
你愿意帮助我吗?
Section 3
3a  Read only the parts you underlined.Do yo get a clear picture of the content? If not,read it again slowly,and underline more key points.
只读你划出的部分。你对课文有清醒的认识吗?如果不是的话,再慢读一遍,划出更多的重点。
3b  Read for the second time—faster than the first time.How many of the questions can you answer without looking back at the reading?
比第一次要快的再次阅读课文,不用回顾文章你能回答多少问题呢?
3c  Look at the reading and check your answers.
看阅读材料检查你的回答。
3d  Discuss the following questions in small groups with reference to the reading.
小组讨论关于阅读材料中的下面的问题。
Might the dreams of Chinese teenagers be different from others?
中国青少年的梦想可能与别人不同吗?
Section 4  Go for It!
动脑筋
Write down a dream you have.Share your thoughts with a friend who might help you see how you could achieve this dream.Together list the small steps you could take to do so.
写下你曾经有过的梦想。把你的想法和一个可能帮助你怎样才能实现这个梦想的朋友分享。同时列下你可能采取的步骤。 
through表示在一个物体的内部穿过,穿过一个三维空间。而across表示在物体的表面上穿过,横过的含义。
Be careful when you go across the street.
过马路时要仔细。

The sunshine came through the window.
阳光透过窗户
forest指的是天然的大森林,地域广大,远离人烟,且有野兽出没。
jungle
专指热带丛林。
wood(s)
指树林,比forest要小,离人烟近。

 

 

 

 

 


2a
some
通常表示一些的含义。在否定句和问句中通常将它变成any,仍然是一些的含义。但是any在肯定句中还有任何一个;无论什么的含义。
Any book will do.
什么书都可以。

 

2c
当用where作定语从句的连接词(关系词)时,通常可以改成地点介词+关系代词的形式。如本句可改写为:
I like places in which the weather is always warm.


3a
①假如要表达劝戒某人不去做某事时,则使用Why+do sth.?

 

 


②在一个动词后面紧接着使用动名词的情况还有:
finish,enjoy,mind,prefer...to...

例题解答:
don’t you try
why not...这一句式中所隐含的主语是第二人称。

 

 


3b
be supposed to...另外一个含义是表示按照规律、规则、义务或者约定的应当,理应
He is supposed to arrive at eight o’clock.
他应该八点钟到达。
②十分拥挤
③名词是danger
④奇妙的艺术馆

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

2c
somewhere也可以是名词。
other也可以表示别的、其他的。不过它的位置是在名词的前面。

 

 

 

 

3a答案:
1.F(the family wants an inexpensive hotel and wants to save money by cooking)
2.F(the family enjoys hiking and swimming)
3.DK  4.DK  5.T
6.F(the person wants to go to the east of China)

firm表示公司,商号的含义时,其近义词为company
firm
还可以用作形容词,表示结实的,坚定的等含义,作副词时表示稳固地,坚定地


②尽管动词leave也表示离开,但它是短暂动词,不可以与表示一段时间的介词短语for...连用。

 

 

 

 

 


4
agree on
表示……方面取得一致意见。表示多个人通过切磋、商量等而就某一事情、意见等有共同的意见或协议。
We agree on this count.
在这一点上,我们的意见一致。

(两国间)留学生交换项目
②北京烤鸭
③一年中的这个时候

答案:
1.provide
2.cook
3.pack

2
通过学习左栏中对虚拟语气的讲解和举例,我们可以看出当用if来连接一个从句,表示对当前或将来不可能或难以实现的事情提出假设时,复合句的格式如下:从句的格式是:If+动词的一般过去时
主句的格式是:主语+would+动词原形
并且还应注意的一点是,当从句是含有be动词的系表结构时,be动词无论是什么人称,通常都使用were


cool
棒极了的、酷的的含义,也有凉爽的的含义。从Arctic(北极的) High School可看出,指的应是凉爽的

I’d love to=I would love to,想要的意思,后面跟动词原形。

 

1a
假如要表示……一样,使用the same as...
I think a hope is the same as a dream.
我认为希望与梦想是一样的。


adjust的意思是调整,调节,整顿
These desks and seats can be adjusted to the height of any child.
这些桌椅可按儿童的身高调整。

 


the answer to the question,固定短语,意思是问题的答案
另外也可以表达为the key to the question

 

according to...的意思是按照,依据……所说,随着……的不同而定
According to the watch,it is four o’clock.
我的表现在是4点钟。

 

3a
if not
是个缩略语,在本句中相当于:If you don’t get a clear picture of the content.

 

 

 

3d
be different from
的意思是……不同,它的相反的短语是:
be the same as “
……相同

write down的意思是写下,记下
Please write down the words.
请记下这些单词。

 新目标九年级英语Unit 8 重难点解析

新目标九年级英语单元重点讲解Unit 8 I’ll help clean up the city park重难点解析

Unit 8 I’ll help clean up the city park重难点解析(1

[教材全析] 
SECTION A
Language Goal:Offer help.
语言目标:提供帮助。
1a  Look at the bulletin board and read about ways you could help people.Then tell other ways you could help people.
看布告牌,读有关你能够帮助人们的方式。
然后说出你能够帮助人们的其他方式。
I’d like to work outside.
You could help clean up
the city parks.
答句中的could表示委婉的建议,句意为你可以去帮着清理公园呀
Other ways you could help people
.

 

1.     c  I’d like to work outside.
2.________I’d like to help homeless people.
3.________I’d like to cheer up sick kids.
4.________I’d like to help kids with their school-work.. a.You could give out food at a food bank
你可以在粮库分发食物。
b.You could volunteer
in an after-school study program.
你可以自愿参加课外学习项目。
c.You could help clean up
the city parks.
你可以帮助清扫公园。
d.You could visit them in the hospital.
你可以去医院看他们。
clean up,give out
cheer up这三个词组都是由动词加上副词构成的,分别表示分发”“使……高兴起来彻底清理
它们所跟的宾语都是名词,在这种情况下,名词的位置可以在副词之前,也可以在副词之后。
I’d like to cheer up sick kids.= I’d like to cheer sick kids up.
1c  Practice the conversation in the picture above.Then have similar conversations using the information in activity 1b.
练习上面图画中的对话。然后使用活动1b中的信息编出相似的对话来。
2a  A group of students are planning a City Parks Clean-Up Day.They are talking about ways to tell people about the Clean-Up Day.Listen and check(√) the things the students are going to do.
一群学生正在计划一项城市公园清洁日活动。他们在谈论将这一活动告知人们的方式。听录音并且用()标出学生们要做的事情。
2b  Listen again and fill in the blanks.
听录音并填空。
2c  Role play the conversation in activity 2b.
表演活动2b中的对话。
No,we can’t put off making a plan.Clean-Up Day is only two weeks from now.
不,我们不能推迟制订计划。清洁日离现在只有两周了。
put off
表示推迟,拖延。与之连用的是名词、代词、宾语从句或动名词。
Why do you put off your visit?
你为什么推迟访问的日子?
例题探究:
Don’t put off until tomorrow what can be done today.
(翻译此句)
____________________________________________________

解析:能够正确地翻译出英语句子的意义,是英语学习中应当具备的能力,它是英语学习综合能力的一种体现。本句的宾语由于为了突出状语,所以被放在状语后面了,宾语就是what can be done today
Grammar Focus
语法聚焦
Phrasal verb
 Sentence Meaning of phrasal verb
cheer up
 He looks sad.Let’s cheer him up. make someone happier
set up
 We’re going to set up a food bank to help hungry people. establish,start
come up with
 We need to come up with some ideas. think up
3a  Read this article about volunteers.Underline the kinds of work the volunteers do.Circle the reasons why they like their work.
读一下有关志愿者的文章。在志愿者工作的种类下划线。圈出他们喜欢他们工作的理由。
Being a volunteer is great!
做个志愿者真是好!
好句共享:
1.He spends
every Saturday morning working in an animal hospital.
他每个星期六早上都是在一家动物医院工作中度过的。
这个句子含有spend...doing sth.这个词组,表示花时间做某事
He spent his whole life looking after the poor.
他把他的一生都用来照顾贫穷的人。
例题探究:
How long did you spend________TV?
A.on watch        
B.to watch
C.watched
D.in watching
解析:spend ...doing sth.的前面可以加介词in,也可以省略。
答案:D
2.Not only
do I feel good about helping other people,but I get to spend time doing what I love to do.
我不仅觉得帮助别人愉快,而且我开始花时间做我喜爱做的事情了。
本句中含有一个词组 “not only...but also...”,其中also在句子中可以省略。当这个词组连接两个句子时,假如also在句子的开头,那么该句要主谓倒装。
Not only did he write the words to the music,but he also composes the music.   
他不仅为音乐写了歌词,而且还为它作了曲。
例题探究:
He likes to swim and he wants to teach the kids to swim,too.(
改为同义句)
Not only ________ ________ ________to swim,________he wants to teach the kids to swim.
解析:这是用not only...but...连接的两个句子,当not only置于句首时,该句的主谓部分要用倒装语序。本句是一般现在时态,主语是单数,故助动词也使用单数形式。
答案:does he like;but
3b  What kind of volunteer work could these students do?Fill in the table.
这些学生能做什么样的志愿工作?填表。   
3c  Role play.Take turns being one of the people in activity 3b.Ask for and give advice.
表演。轮流扮演活动3b中的一个人物。咨询和提供建议。
Well,you could help coach a football team for little kids.
好吧,你可以帮助指导孩子们的足球队。
对话中最后一句中的coach是动词,含义为训练、指导、辅导
He coached her for the English examination.
他辅导她英语考试。   
4 Write down three things you like to do.Ask your partner for advice about the kinds of volunteer work you could do.
写出三项你喜欢做的事情。向你的同伴咨询你能够做的志愿工作的种类的建议。

Things I like to do Volunteer work I could do
1.________________________ __________________
2.________________________ __________________
3.________________________ __________________
A:I like to read about Chinese history.What kind of volunteer work do you think I could do
?
我喜欢读中国历史的书。你觉得我做点什么志愿工作好?
B:You could start
a Chinese History Club.
你可以建立个中国历史俱乐部。
SECTIONB
1a  Match the sentences with similar meanings.
找出相匹配的同义句。

1b  Make sentences with the words in the box using your ideas.
用你的想法使用框内的单词造句。
run out of
用完,花光
take after
(在外貌性格方面)与(父母等)相像
fix up
修理
give away
赠送,分发 I gave away my bicycle to charities.
____________________________
____________________________
____________________________
2a  Listen and number the pictures
1—4 in the correct order.
听录音并且给图画按正确的顺序编号。
2b  Listen again and circle “T”(for true) or “F”(for false).
再听一遍,并圈出T(True)F(False)
2c  Practice the conversation between Jimmy and the reporter.Use the information from the activities above.
使用上面活动中的信息来练习吉米和记者之间的对话。
A:What do you do,Jimmy?
吉米,你做什么呢?
B:I fix up bikes and give them away.
我修理自行车并把它们赠送出去。
3a  Read the article and underline all the phrasal verbs.
读短文并且在所有的动词短语下面划线。
好句共享:
The strategies that he came up with worked out fine.
他想出的办法结果不错。
这个句子中有一个定语从句,即:that he came up with,其中连接词(关系词)为that,在从句中作come up with的宾语。
work out
表示结局,结果为,至最后
I wonder how their ideas worked out in practice.
我想知道他们的主意实际效果怎么样。
3b  Make a note of the things that Jimmy did to solve his problem.
记录一下吉米为解决难题所做的事情。
He did a radio interview.
他作了一次电台采访。

 

SELF CHECK
1 Fill in the blanks with the words given.Then make your own sentences with the words.
用所给的单词填空,然后用这些单词造句。
hang out
逗留或花费很多时间
Be quiet please,class.I’m going to ________  your test papers.
请安静,我要________你们的试卷了。
On weekends
I like to________at the sports club with my friends.
在周末,我喜欢同朋友们在体育俱乐部________
Jim________his father.They are both clever and a bit
quiet.
吉姆________他的父亲。他们都聪明并且有些文静。   

 

2 Write an article using the notes below.Tell what happens to Sally.
使用下面的记录写一篇文章。说出发生在萨莉身上的事情。
Sally Langenthal/a young woman/wants to be a professional singer/as a volunteer,sings at a local hospital/cheers up sick people/also sings at schools/ran out of money for singing lessons/came up with ideas for making money/put up signs asking for singing jobs/also called up parents offering singing lessons for children/now will be able to continue her lessons/become a professional singer
Sally Langenthal is a young girl who wants to be a professional singer.____________________________________

 

Just for Fun! 小笑话!
I’ve been trying to cheer him up for twenty minutes.He won’t stop crying.
我有二十分钟一直在试着使他高兴起来。可他就是哭个不停。
stop doing sth.
表示不再做某事,停止某项活动
Reading:I’ll send you a photo of  Lucky. 
我将送你一张Lucky的照片。   
Section 1
1a  What different kinds of letters can be written?Discuss this with a partner.
可以写哪几种不同类的信?与你的同伴一起讨论一下。
1b  How is a letter different from an article?List three differences.
一封信与一篇文章有何不同?列出三个不同点。
Section 2
Learning Strategy
阅读策略
USING PARTS OF SPEECH
运用词性
If you don’t understand a word or phrase in English, ask yourself
what part of speech it is.It might be a noun,a verb or a preposition,for example.Knowing what it is can help you understand better.And it allows you to use the  new English word or phrase correctly in the future.
如果你不理解一个英语单词或短语,问问你自己它是什么词性。例如,它可能是一个名词、动词或是一个介词。了解它是什么词性能帮助你更好地理解。它能使你在将来正确地使用英语单词或短语。
好句共享:
1.I’d like to thank you for sending money to
“Animal Helpers”,an organization set up to help disabled people.
我想谢谢你寄钱给动物救助者,一个建立起来帮助残疾人的组织。
set up
建立,过去分词作定语,意为被建立起来的。
There was a building set up a year ago.
这儿有一个一年前建立起来的楼房。
2. For sure
,you have helped make it possible for me to have “Lucky”,who has filled my life with pleasure.
确实,你已经帮助我拥有“Lucky”成为可能,它让我的生活充满着快乐。
make it possible for me to have “Lucky”,make it possible
使之有可能,在此it是形式宾语,真正的宾语是to have“Lucky”,介词for指出该动词不定式的逻辑主语me.
I make it possible for you to learn English well.
我让你学好英语成为可能。
who has filled my life with pleasure
是非限定性定语从句,作“Lucky”的定语。
She is going to visit her friends this summer,who live in Qingdao.
她打算去拜访她住在青岛的朋友。
3. Being
blind,deaf,unable to walk,or use your hands easily is something that most people cannot imagine.
如果你是盲的,聋的,不能走路或不能轻松地用你的手是一件大多数人不能想像的事情。   
3a  Find one example of each part of speech in the reading.
在阅读中找出每一个词性的一个例子。
3b  Find three examples of phrasal verbs from the reading.Use them to make sentences of your own.
从阅读中找出三个短语动词的例子,用它们来造你自己的句子。
3c  Use information in the letter to make true sentences by matching the different parts.
用信中的信息,通过连接不同的部分来造正确的句子。
Section 4  Go For It
!达成目标!
Write a short reply to Liz Smith.
给李兹·史密斯写一封简短的回信。
 1a
clean多指清扫,擦洗clean up则侧重于彻底整理,清理,清除,即clean up=clean thoroughly(彻底地)


you could help people作定语使用。这个句子还可以有两种表达方式:
a.Other ways that you could help people.
b.Other ways in which you could help people.

1b  Listen and match the first line and second line of each conversation.
听并且将每组对话的第一列和第二列连接起来。
1b
Volunteering is a popular activity in many Western countries(西方国家).Volunteer experience(经历) can offer young people a chance to get valuable skills(技能) and help them make a better impression when they apply for(申请) university or a job.

②当这样的词组后面是代词时,应将代词放在副词的前面。
Look at your desk!Clean it up!
看看你的桌子吧!把它整理好!

 

 

 

 

 

2c
当表示三餐中具体的某顿时,则常常带有冠词。
He had a quick breakfast and went to work.
他很快吃完了早餐,就去工作了。
What a big breakfast!
多么丰盛的早餐啊!

 

 

答案:今日可做的事不要拖到明天(今日事,今日毕)

 

①动词短语,其中phrasal adj.含义为词组的,短语的,其名词形式为phrase,表示词组,短语
②使某人高兴
③建立
④想出

 

 

 


3a
答案:
Underlined words:She helps...read...volunteers...every Saturday...hospital...sings for...at the city hospital.
Circled words:You can do the thing you love to do...has learned a lot...has met some wonderful people...


takespend都表示花时间做某事,不过它们的用法有如下区别:
spend
的主语是人,它有两种表达法:
spend time (in) doing sth.
spend time on sth.
take
的主语多为形式主语it,格式为:
It takes sb.time to do sth.
It took me two hours to find my lost dog.

 


我花了两个小时才找到丢失的狗。
②使用“not only...but also...”时要注意它们连接的应当是相同的成分。这在语法上被称为平行结构原则。具体来说就是:名词对名词、形容词对形容词等。

 

 

 

 

 


3c
coach
还可以作名词用,表示教练;私人教师
Our football coach trains the team.
我们的足球教练训练这个队。

4
在这儿的①、②、③处都含有一个定语从句。第三个定语从句被插入语do you think分割开了。
start的含义在本句中与set up是一样的,还相当于establish,含义为创办,建立

 

 

 

 

 

1a答案:
2.c  3.a  4.d

1b
在使用这四个词组造句时要注意:前两个词组是动词+介词的结构,所以无论宾语是名词还是代词,一律要放在介词后面。

 

 


2c
fix(up)
repairmend在表示修理物品时,基本上通用。不过mend还可以用来表达治愈创伤,矫正过错或使感情重归于好。

 

3a答案:
cheer up,run out of,put up,call up,hand out,set up,come up with,fix up,give away

3b
interview
在本句中是名词。还可以作动词。

The reporters interviewed the minister.
记者们采访了这位部长。
3b
答案:
2.put up signs
3.called up friends
4.handed out advertisements
5.told teachers


①在周末,也可以是at weekends
②一点,相当于a little。但是a little本身是副词,也可以是形容词,后面可跟名词。
a bit+of
后跟名词。
I have a bit of milk.=I have a little milk.
我有点牛奶。
答案:
give out
hang out
takes after

2答案:
...As a volunteer,she sings at a local hospital to cheer up sick people and also sings at schools.But after she ran out of money for singing lessons,she came up with ideas for making money.She put up signs asking for singing jobs and also called up parents offering singing lessons for children.Now she will be able to continue her lessons and become a professional singer.

stop to do sth.表示的含义与stop doing sth.所表示的不同。它表示(停止原来的事情)开始做另外一件事情


1a
What different kinds of...
哪几种不同种类的……


①问你自己
allow someone to do something使某人干某事
Studying hard allows you to get a good job.
努力学习使你取得好工作。


send sth. to sb.它的另外一个表达方式为:send sb. sth.
Please send me some postcards.
请给我寄些明信片来。

 

for sure确实,放在句首表示强调。


fill...with...……来装满……,另外还有短语:be filled with/be full of...
I filled the bottle with water.
我用水把这个瓶子装满了。

 

 

being为动名词,在句中可以作主语、宾语、表语等。在此作主语,注意谓语动词用单数。


3b
答案:
1.help out
Sentence:
Please help me out.
2.thank for
Sentence:Thanks for helping me.

3c答案:
Liz Smith is unable to move well.
Lucky can fetch things for disabled people.
“Animal Helpers” trains animals like

新目标英语九年级Unit 9 重难点解析

新目标九年级英语单元重点讲解Unit9 By the time I got outside, the bus had already left 重难点解析Unit9 By the time I got outside, the bus had already left 重难点解析(1

重点词汇
1. I’ve never been late for school, but yesterday I came very close.
 close(adv.)“
接近地
 I came very close
=I came very close to being late for schoo1
 2
I had to really rush
 rush(v.)“
匆匆地去,来做某事,例如:
 They rushed to see the procession

 
他们跑去看游行的队伍。
 3
and then ran off to the bus stop
 run off—leave quickly
run awayescape,跑掉,迅速离开;逃走
 4
Unfortunatelyby the time I got therethe bus had already left
 unfortunately(adv.)“
不幸运地;倒霉地;遗憾地;与其相关的词如下:
 fortune(n.)“
机会;运气;命运
 fortunate(adj.)“
幸运的;运气好的
 unfortunate(adj.)“
不幸运的;倒霉的fortunate的反义词。
 fortunately(adv
)“幸运地
 unfortunately(adv
)“不幸运的;倒霉地;fortunately的反义词。

语法:过去完成时
  本单元我们引入了一个新的时态,即过去完成时。只要记住关键的五个字就一切尽在掌握中了:(动作发生在)过去的过去。
  比如:I went to bed at 10:00 last night.
     My brother went to bed at 9:00 last night.
  上面的两个句子都是用的一般过去时,因为讲述的是过去某个时间发生了什么事情。请你动脑筋:是我睡觉这个动作发生在前呢,还是我弟弟睡觉这个动作发生在前呢?当然是我弟弟睡觉在前咯!
  对啦,所以我们把上面两句合二为一就成了:By the time I went to bed, my brother had already gone to bed. ( 到我上床睡觉的时候为止,我弟弟已经上床睡觉了。)
  后半句之所以用“had already gone “, 即用了过去完成时,是因为我弟弟睡觉这个动作发生在我睡觉这个过去动作的过去,所以就叫过去的过去
  另外,还有一种情况,也用过去完成时。请看例句:
  Sally: Jimmy has run out of money.
  萨利:吉米已经把钱花光了。
  Tom : What did Sally say just now?
  汤姆:萨利刚才说什么呢?
  You:  Sally said Jimmy had run out of money.
  你:萨利说吉米已经把钱花光了。
  由此可见,宾语从句中,从句用现在完成时的,在变成间接引语时,从句也要变成过去完成时。
  过去完成时是怎么构成的呢?比现在完成时简单多了!
  主语 + had + (already) + 过去分词
  不管主语是第几人称,也不管主语是单数还是复数,通通都用had,还不简单吗?至于过去分词,大家就记住课本上P69页,grammar focus里的四个就可以了,其他的过去分词,碰到一个,就记住一个,这样才能轻松愉快地学习。

新目标英语九年级Unit 10重难点解析

新目标九年级英语单元重点讲解 Unit10 When was it invented重难点解析
Unit10 When was it invented
重难点解析(1

[教材全析] 
SECTION A
Language Goal
Talk about the history of inventions语言目标:谈论发明的历史。
1a  Look at the things below.In what order do you think they were invented?Number them
1-5](1=first5=last 

看下面的这些东西。你认为它们是按照什么顺序发明的?用[1~5]的先后顺序来给它们编号。
I think the telephone was invented before the car.
我认为电话发明的比汽车早。
关于被动语态的一些相关的知识:
(1)
句子的主语是动作的承受者时,谓语要用被动语态。动词的被动语态一般翻译成……”,但是根据汉语表达习惯的不同,有时候也可以省略。
The homework will be finished today.
作业今天就可以写完。
例题探究:
The first computer ________ in 1945.
A.was invented            B.was discovered
C.invented                D.discover
(2)
被动语态由助动词be+及物动词的过去分词(+by+动作的发出者)构成。助动词有时态、人称和数的变化,动词在被动语态不同时态中的变化形式如下:

 一般 进行 完成
现在 is/am,are done is/am,are being done has/have been done
过去 was/were done was/were being done had been done
将来 will/shall be done — —
过去将来 would/should be done — —

1b  Listen and match the inventions and the dates.
听录音并把发明和时间连线。
1c  Student A
cover the dates. Student B ask Student A when the things in the picture above were invented.Then change roles and practice again.
学生A,盖住日期,学生B,问学生A图片上的东西是什么时间发明的。然后交换角色,继续练习。


例题探究:
I think the students have finished the homework.(
改为否定句)
2a  Listen and number the inventions in the order that you hear them.
听录音,按照你所听到的顺序给发明编号。
2b  Listen again and match the items in columns A,B,and C.
再听一遍录音,然后把纵栏ABC中的项目连线。
2c  Role play the conversations using the information in the chart above.
用上面表格中的信息进行角色对话。
They’re used for seeing in the dark.
它们用来在黑暗中照明。
use
是动词,意思是用,使用,应用,它有几个重要短语:
used to do sth.
是情态动词短语,意思是过去常常做某事,表示过去的习惯动作或过去常常存在的状态,用于一般过去时态,它的否定形式是“didn’t use to”“used not to”,它的一般疑问句形式是“did sb. use to...”“used sb. to...”
be used to doing sth.
意思是习惯于做某事,后面跟代词、名词或相当于名词的词或者是词组等,可用于各种时态。在这个短语中be可以用get,become等来替代。
He is used to going to work by bike.
他习惯于骑自行车去上班。
She will be used to getting up early.
她将会习惯于早起。
be used to do sth.
use的被动语态,意思是“……被用来做某事,后跟动词不定式。
This knife is used to peel the fruit.
这把刀子被用来削水果。
例题探究:
1We use this thing for making dumplings.(改为被动语态)
2It’s used for________ clearly in the dark.
A.seeing         
B.see
C.looking
D.look
3They did not use to visit us.(改为同义句)
4It used to rain here in summer.(改为一般疑问句和否定句)
被动语态用法(一)
①当我们不知道谁是动作的执行者时 His clothes was stolen a week ago.  一个星期前,他的衣服被偷了。
②当我们认为没有必要指出或不想指出谁是动作的执行者时
This song was repeated over and over again.
这首歌被一遍又一遍的重复播放。
被动语态用法():
③虽然需要同时指出动作的执行者,但是我们强调或突出的是动作的承受者,此时动作的执行者用介词by加代表动作执行者的名词或代词表示
His plan has not been approved by the management.
他的计划还没有得到管理部门的批准。
This table was bought by my father’s friend.
这张桌子是我爸爸的朋友买的。
It is said that等结构:It is said that(据说),It is believed that(相信),It is reported that(据报道)等结构中常用被动语态
It is said that a new bridge will be built here.
据说这里将建一座新桥。
It is reported that there will be a heavy snow tomorrow.
据报道说明天这里将有一场大雪。
例题探究:
To make our city more beautiful,rubbish ________ into the river.
A.needn’t be thrown
B.mustn’t be thrown
C.can’t throw
D.may not throw


3a  Make a list of five helpful inventions and five annoying inventions.
列一张清单,包括5项有帮助的发明和5项让人烦恼的发明。


3b  Discuss your opinion in activity 3a with your partner.
和你的同伴讨论活动3a中你的观点。
What do you think is the most helpful invention?
你认为什么是最有用的发明?   
most
mostlymost of的区别
most
:副词,指最大限度地,极度地,是much的最高级,主要用来构成多音节形容词和副词的最高级以及修饰动词,但前面加不定冠词a时表示非常,极
mostly
:副词,指主要地,大部分地
I watch TV every week
mostly on Sundays.
我每周都看电视,大部分是在星期天。
most of:
意思是大部分,大多数,后面可以接代词的宾格或名词。
注意:most of后面的名词通常用代词的所有格或者定冠词修饰。
Most of his time is spent playing football.
他的大部分时间都用来踢足球。
4 Imagine that you are alone on a tiny island.Choose five inventions you would like to have on the island with you.Tell the group what you chose and why.
假设你独自呆在一个小岛上。选出你想随身带着的五项发明。告诉小组成员你选的发明和选它们的原因。
I’d like to
have a radio because I could listen to music all day.
我想要带一个收音机,因为这样我就能整天听音乐了。
because
for,sinceas
这四个连词都有因为,由于的意思,都可以用来引导表示原因的状语从句。但在具体的用法上有些区别:
because
是从属连词,引导原因状语从句,它所表示的是引起主句结果的直接原因,一般位于主句之后,有时也可以放在前面,用逗号与主语隔开。
He was late for school because he got up late.
因为他起床起晚了,所以他迟到了。
for
是个并列连词,连接的是两个并列的句子,它引导的句子一般放在主句后面,表示主句的理由,语气上比because轻得多。
You’d better take off your coat,for it is very hot outside.
你最好脱下大衣,因为外面很暖和。
since
的意思是因为,表示的往往不是根本原因,而是自然结果,引起的从句通常放在句首。
Since you are eight years old,you should go to school.
因为已经8岁了,你应该去上学了。
as
的意思也是因为,但语气比since还要弱些, 用于日常用语中。引起的从句表示附加的原因,通常放在句首。
As I am afraid of light
I am wearing a pair of sunglasses.
因为我害怕光,所以戴着一副太阳眼镜。
SECTION B
1a  The words in the box describe how food tastes.Write them under the correct pictures.(Some pictures have more than one word.)
方框中的单词描述了食物的味道。 把它们写在正确的图片下(有一些图片不止用一个单词)
2a  Listen and circle “T”(for true) or “F”(for false).
听并且圈出正确的或者是错误的选项。(T代表正确,F代表错误)
The potato chips
were invented by mistake.
薯条是因为一个错误而被发明的。
The customer said they weren’t salty enough.
顾客说不够咸。
enough
是个形容词,意思是充分的,足够的
enough food
充分的食物
enough
是形容词且作定语时,可放在名词前,也可放在名词后;放在名词前,强调enough的意义较弱;放在名词后,强调名词意思较弱。
enough
还是一个不可数名词,有充分,足够的意思。
e.g.I have had enough
thank you.
我已经吃饱了,谢谢。
enough
是副词时,修饰形容词、副词和动词,而且enough放在这三种词的后面。
e.g.I’m lucky enough to have such a friend.
我真幸运有这样的朋友。
They can’t walk fast enough.
他们走得不快。
Have you played enough?
你玩够了没有啊?
George wanted to make the customer happy
.
乔治想让顾客高兴。
in the end=at last=finally=at the end of,
意思是最后,最终
In the end,he passed the exam.
最后,他通过了考试。
at the end of
in the end的区别:
都表示最后,最终的意思,但at the end后面必须加of,而in the end的后面不用加of
They beat Class 3 in the end.
最后,他们打败了三班。
At the end of the meeting,she said nothing.
在会议的最后,她什么也没说。
end相关的短语还有by the end of,意为……末为止,一般与完成时态连用。
By the end of last week,my father hadn’t come back.
到上周末为止,我爸爸还没有回来。
例题探究:
(1)The boss made the workers________ their jobs from day to night.
A.did           
B.do
C.doing
D.to do
(2)What he said_________her wife very happy.
A.let
B.have
C.make
D.made
2c   Role play the conversation about the invention of the potato chip.Use the information from the activities above.
用上面活动中的信息,角色表演关于薯条发明的对话。   
3a  Read the article and write answers to the questions.
读文章并写出问题的正确答案。
Who invented tea?
谁发明了茶?

 

 


好句共享:
1.Did you know that tea,the most popular drink
in the world (after water),was invented by accident?
你知道茶,世界上最受欢迎的饮料(继水之后)的发明纯属偶然吗?
不同的
drink tea/wine
beer milk coffee and so on喝茶(酒、啤酒、牛奶、咖啡等)
eat soup
喝汤
take medicine
喝药
例题探究:
He could get this good grades ________.
A.by mistakes
B.by accident
C.by a mistake
D by accidents
2.Although
tea wasn’t brought to the Western world until 1610,this beverage was discovered over three thousand years before that.
尽管茶直到1610年才被引入西方社会,这种饮料在那之前的3000多年前就被发现了。
(1)
这个句子运用了not...until(直到……)结构,在这个结构中,until的后面一般跟表示时间的词或者句子。
He didn’t begin to write his homework until 8:00.
他直到8:00才开始写作业。
(2)over=more than,
意思是多于,超过
3.According to
an ancient Chinese legend,the emperor Shen Nung discovered tea when he was boiling drinking water over an open fire.
根据一个古老的中国传说,神农皇帝在火堆上烧水时发现了茶。
4.The emperor noticed that the leaves in the water produced a pleasant smell.
皇帝注意到水中的叶子散发出令人愉快的味道。
pleasant,pleased
pleasure的区别:
pleasant
形容词,意思是令人愉快的,满意的,一般作定语修饰物,当主语是物的时候,也可以作表语。
It is very pleasant to have a cup of tea after dinner.
饭后喝一杯茶是很愉快的。
pleased
形容词,表示自己感到高兴的,欣喜的,满意的,一般用作表语,常与不定式、介词短语或从句连用,说明原因,它的主语应该是人。
The two friends were very pleased to see each other again.
这两个朋友再次见面感到非常高兴。
pleasure
名词,意思是高兴,娱乐时是不可数名词;意思是乐趣,高兴的事时是可数名词,在口语中常用作客套语。
It is a pleasure to meet you again.
再次见到你很高兴。
5.Later he decided to taste the hot mixture.
后来他决定尝一下这种热的混合物。
decide
是动词,意为决定decide to do sth.意思是决定去做某事
3b  Write an article using the notes in the box.
用表格中的提示写一篇文章。
From pie plate to flying disk
从馅饼盘到飞碟


4a  Think of something that you don’t like doing.Then think of an invention that could help you.Write the details in the chart.
想一些你不喜欢做的事情,然后想一件能够帮助你的发明,在表格中写上具体的内容。
4b  Imagine you are a businessperson.Ask your partner questions about his or her invention.Then try to sell your partner’s invention to the class.
假设你是一个商人。问你的同伴关于他或者她的发明的问题。 然后努力把你同伴的发明卖给你们班的同学。
This special pen was invented by Zheng Jie.
这枝特殊的钢笔是郑洁发明的。
SELF CHECK
1.Fill in the blanks with the words given.Then make your own sentences with the words.
用所给的单词填空,然后用这些单词造句。
2. Find out when these things were invented,and then write paragraphs about them.
弄清这些东西是什么时间发明的,然后写关于它们的几段话。
abacus
算盘  umbrella  binoculars望远镜  camera照相机  bicycle自行车
Just for Fun!
小笑话!
A battery-operated tennis racket.
一个电池控制的网球拍子。


Reading:Do you know when
basketball was invented?
你知道篮球是什么时候发明的吗?
Section 1
1a  List eight sports played in China.
列举中国的八种运动。
1b  How popular is each sport?Rank them
1-8in order of popularity.
每项运动受欢迎程度如何?将它们按照受欢迎程度的次序从[1~8]排列等级。
Section 2
Learning Strategy
阅读策略
MIND-MAPPING
头脑映像图
Use
mind-mapping to remember information.To make a mind- map,change the information you read into a colorful“picture of words”.The brain recalls“pictures”more easily than written information.
用头脑映像图来记忆信息。为形成一个头脑映像,把你读到的信息转换成彩色的单词图片。大脑回忆图片要比回忆书面信息更加容易。
好句共享:
1.The much-loved
and active sport is enjoyed by all,for fun and exercise.
这项深受人们喜爱的活跃的运动被所有人喜欢,既为了有趣又为了锻炼身体。
(1)much-loved
复合形容词,意为深受喜爱的
Football is much-loved by Americans.
足球受到美国人的喜爱。
2.The sport of basketball is a little
more than a hundred years old.
篮球运动有一百多年的历史了。
1a little“一点修饰比较级表程度。
e.g.He is a little older than me.
他比我大一点。
3. Knocking into
players and falling down would be dangerous.
撞在选手身上而摔倒将会很危险。
4. It is believed that
on December 21th,1891,the first basketball game in history was played. 据信在18911221,举行了历史上第一次篮球比赛。
5. Since then
,the popularity of basketball has risen worldwide.
自从那时起篮球运动就在世界范围普及开来。
Section 3
3a  Complete the mind map with information for the reading.
用文章中的信息来完成这个头脑映像图。
3b  Without reading the article again,use what you remember from the mind map to answer the following questions.
不用再读这篇文章,用上你头脑映像图中所记住的东西来回答下列问题。
1.Who invented basketball?
2.Why were the Berlin Olympics important for basketball?
3.What is the aim of basketball?
4.Name a professional basketball organization in America.
Section 4  Go For It!
达成目标!
Would you like to play on China’s national basketball team one day?Make a list of good things and difficult things about being a basketball player.
你想某一天在中国国家篮球队打球吗?列举出成为一名篮球队员的好处和困难。 
1a
invent
动词,发明, 编造,虚构
invention
名词,发明(不可数);发明物(可数)

inventor名词,发明者,创造者
discover
invent的区别
discover“
发现,指发现的对象是本来存在的,invent发明,发明的对象是以前没有的新东西,如工具、手段或方法。

 

例题解答:
A  
因为句子的意思是说第一台电脑在1945年被发明,应该用被动语态,所以排除CD两个选项。电脑是原来没有的,不能用discover
理论上讲,被动语态的时态可以有12,但实际常用的时态只有左表中的8种。被动语态没有完成进行时和将来进行时,必要时可用完成时态和一般时态代替。

 

 

 

 

 

1c
这是一个I think that...的主从复合句,句中省略了that,宾语从句的时态不受think的限制,可以使用任何需要的时态,不过that从句若为否定句,通常否定句转移到主句中,:I don’t think...

例题解答:
I don’t think the students have finished the homework.

 


2c
be used for
是固定短语,意思是被用作,实际上应用了被动语态。我们应该记住的是for是介词,后面可以跟名词、代词、动名词。
It is used for cleaning the table.
那是用来擦桌子的。

 

 

 

 

 

 


例题解答:
(1)This thing is used for making dumplings.
(2)A  be used for“
被用作”,这个短语中的for是个介词,后面可以跟名词、代词、动名词。所以应该用see的动名词形式seeing
(3)They usedn’t to visit us.
(4)
一般疑问句:
Used it to rain here in summer?
Did it use to rain here in summer?
否定句:
It usedn’t to rain here in summer.
It didn’t use to rain here in summer.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

例题解答:
B  
这句话的意思是为了使我们的城市更美丽,垃圾不能被扔进河里。此句是含有情态动词的被动语态否定句。needn’t(不必要),mustn’t(不应该,表示禁止)。


3a
alarm clock
闹钟
light bulb
电灯泡
microwave oven
微波炉

3b
helpful
是一个双音节单词,其最高级须在词前加the most,句子中的the most helpful就是用了helpful的最高级形式,helpfulhelp的形容词,意思是有益的,有帮助的,反义词是helpless

 

 

 

 

4
I’d like to=I would like to=I want to,意思是我想要干……”,只不过would是情态动词。此外,would like的后面也可以直接跟名词或代词,意思是想要某物
Would you like a cup of coffee

你想要一杯咖啡吗?
listen tohear的区别:
listen to
的意思是……”,侧重于的动作、过程,而不强调听到的结果是什么;hear的意思是听见,听到,它与listen to正好相反,它侧重的是结果
I tried my best to listen to what he said
but I heard nothing.
我尽最大的努力去听他说的话,但什么也没听到。
all day是固定短语,意思是整天all day and all night是短语,意思是日日夜夜
He tried his best to study that machine all day and all night.
他日日夜夜地研究那台机器。

 

1a答案:
potato chips:crispy salty
lemon:sour sweet ice cream:sweet
tea:sweet


2a
potato chips是短语,意思是薯条”,potatochips都是名词,这叫做名词修饰名词,第一个名词一般需要用原形。
a dolphin show
一场海豚表演
a computer programmer
电脑程序设计师
②在by mistake中,mistake是名词。但mistake还是一个动词,意思是弄错,误解”,它的形容词是mistaken
I mistook her for her sister.
我把她错认成了她的妹妹。

 

 


mistake相关的一个重要短语是make a mistake“犯错误
He made a few mistakes in his homework.
他的作业中出了几处错误。
make是个使役动词,后面如果出现动词的话,需要用动词原形。 make的后面还可以跟形容词作宾语补足语。

 

 

例题解答:
(1)B  make
的后面应该跟动词原形。
(2)D  
虽然let,have,make都是使役动词,make后面可以跟形容词作宾语补足语。

 

 

 

 

3a答案:
1.The article is about the invention of tea.
2.It was invented over three thousand years ago.
3.It was invented by the Chinese emperor,Shen Nung.
4.It was invented by accident.

drink动词,喝,饮的意思。动词过去式是drank,过去分词是drunk。在这个句子中它是名词,常用作复数,饮料的意思。
by accident意思是偶然地, 意外地, 无意中地
I knew her by accident.
我认识她纯属偶然。

例题解答:
B  
这句话的意思是他能取得这么好的成绩纯属偶然by accident意思是偶然地,意外地, 无意中地

although是连词,用来连接主从复合句,表示让步关系,意思是虽然,尽管,用了although就不能再用but,就像用了because不能再用so一样。

 

 

according to意思是根据,依照,视……而定
According to the radio
there will be snow tomorrow.
据天气预报说,明天会下雪。

boil是动词,意思是煮沸,在沸水中煮。它的形容词是boiling,意思是沸腾的,极热的
overon的区别:
over
on都有……的意思,over表示某物在另一物的上方,二者不接触;而on则强调二者之间有接触。
There is a book on the desk.
桌子上有本书。
The plane flew over our heads just now.
飞机刚从我们头顶上飞过。

 

 


3b
答案:
The flying disk was invented by college students in the 1950s.They used a metal pie plate from bakery Bridgeport,Connecticut.Students ate the bakery’s pies then threw the pie plates.Today,there are flying disk clubs,magazines and a festival.

4b
special
形容词,“特殊的,特别的
Is there anything special in today’s newspapers?
今天报上有什么特殊消息吗?

 

1b答案:
1.sweet  2.salty
3.sour  4.crispy

2提示:
umbrella:about 4 000 years ago in Assyria,China and Egypt
binoculars:1854 Ignatio Porro in Italy
camera:1827 by Joseph Nicephore Niepce who took the first picture
bicycle:1880s in England

询问的是现在知道与否,用一般现在时态,篮球的发明时间是一般过去时态。


1b
in order of popularity
按受欢迎程度的次序,popularitypopular的名词。


use something to do something用某物来干某事
He uses lift to go up and down.
他用电梯来上下楼。
change...into...……变成……
Water can be changed into ice.
水可以变成冰。
③书面信息


much-lovedmind-mapping都属于合成词构词法的一种。

 

⑤还有a bit,a lot,much,even,by far等来修饰比较级,表程度。

 


knock into someone撞在某人身上
fall down跌倒
⑧像这种表达方式还有:It is said that据说,It is supposed that据推测,It is taken that人们认为。
since then“自从那时起,一般用于完成时态。

 

3b答案:
1.James Naismith
2.Because since then,the popularity of basketball has risen worldwide.
3.Getting a ball into the “basket”.
4.NBA(National Basketball Ass ociation)

Section 4答案:
Good things:
It brings you much fun.
I can be famous.Difficult things:
It can be dangerous.
You don’t have much time to study

 

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