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译文简介:
德国在多样化的领域，诸如可持续能源系统、分子生物科技、激光以及试验性软件工程等等方面的创新上都做得更好。事实上，为了从德国学习有效的创新，美国各州鼓励弗劳恩霍夫协会——德国的一个应用科学智囊团——在美国设立至少7个研究机构。
译文来源:
http://blogs./2014/05/why-germany-dominates-the-u-s-in-innovation/
正文翻译:
-------------译者：青风梧桐-审核者：龙腾翻译总管------------ Reading the headlines, you might think that the most urgent question about national success in innovation and growth is whether the U.S. or China should get the gold medal. The truth is: Germany wins hands down. 看到这个标题，你最急切想问的可能是在创新和经济增长议题上到底是美国比较牛还是中国比较牛呢。但事实是，德国才是最牛的。 Germany does a better job on innovation in areas as diverse as sustainable energy systems, molecular biotech, lasers, and experimental software engineering. Indeed, as part of an effort to learn from Germany about effective innovation, U.S. states have encouraged the Fraunhofer Society, a German applied-science think tank, to set up no fewer than seven institutes in America. 德国在多样化的领域，诸如可持续能源系统、分子生物科技、激光以及试验性软件工程等等方面的创新上都做得更好。事实上，为了从德国学习有效的创新，美国各州鼓励弗劳恩霍夫协会——德国的一个应用科学智囊团——在美国设立至少7个研究机构。 True, Americans do well at inventing. The U.S. has the world’s most sophisticated system of financing radical ideas, and the results have been impressive, from Google to Facebook to Twitter. But the fairy tale that the U.S. is better at radical innovation than other countries has been shown in repeated studies to be untrue. Germany is just as good as the U.S. in the most radical technologies. 的确，美国在创造发明上做得很好。美国拥有世界上最成熟的创意理念资助系统，而且该系统成效卓著，例如从谷歌到脸谱到推特。但是反反复复的研究证明，关于美国在突破性创新方面做得比别的国家都好的童话是不真实的。德国在大部分的突破性技术方面就和美国做得一样好。 -------------译者：青风梧桐-审核者：龙腾翻译总管------------ What’s more important, Germany is better at adapting inventions to industry and spreading them throughout the business sector. Much German innovation involves infusing old products and processes with new ideas and capabilities or recombining elements of old, stagnant sectors into new, vibrant ones. 更重要的是，德国在发明的工业化和商业化方面做得更好。很多德国发明是把新思想和新功能融合进旧产品和旧流程当中，或者是将旧的、停滞的行业中的要素进行重新组合，变成全新的、充满活力的行业。 Germany’s style of innovation explains its manufacturing prowess. For example, many, if not most, of the Chinese products we buy every day are produced by German-made machinery, and the companies that make them are thriving. 德国式的创新模式解释了其制造业上的强大实力。例如，即使不是大部分那也有很多我们每天购买的中国产品是由德国造的机器生产的，这些机器的生产公司欣欣向荣。 -------------译者：青风梧桐-审核者：龙腾翻译总管------------ It also explains why Germany’s industrial base hasn’t been decimated, as America’s has. Germany is better at sustaining employment growth and productivity, while expanding citizens’ real incomes. Even with wages and benefits that are higher than those in the U.S. by 66%, manufacturing in Germany employed 22% of the workforce and contributed 21% of GDP in 2010. The bottom line: German manufacturers are contributing significantly to employment growth and real income expansion. 这也解释了为什么德国的工业基地没有像美国那样地消亡。德国更擅长在增加公民真实收入的同时保持就业增长和生产效率。即使工资和福利比美国要高出66%，2010年德国制造业还是雇用了22%的劳动力总量并且贡献了21%的GDP。最主要的是：德国制造商对就业增长和收入增加做出了重大贡献。 In the U.S., by contrast, fewer and fewer people are employed in middle-class manufacturing jobs. In 2010, just under 11% of the workforce was employed in manufacturing, and manufacturing contributed 13% of GDP. Inequality is on the rise, and the country’s balance of payments is getting worse. 相比起来，在美国，被雇用于中产阶级制造业的人越来越少。2010年，制造业雇用的劳动力仅仅只有不到11%，占据GDP的13%. 不平等现象正在加剧，国际收支平衡状况也越发糟糕。 -------------译者：迷了路的人-审核者：龙腾翻译总管------------ Three factors are at work here: 三个因素在起作用： Germany understands that innovation must result in productivity gains that are widespread, rather than concentrated in the high-tech sector of the moment. 德国明白创新必须能使生产力普遍提升而不是仅仅集中在高科技领域 As a consequence, Germany doesn’t only seek to form new industries, it also infuses its existing industries with new ideas and technologies. For example, look at how much of a new BMW is based on innovation in information and communication technologies, and how many of the best German software programmers go to work for Mercedes-Benz.因此，德国不仅在寻求形成新的产业，也用新的方法和技术完善现有的产业。例如，看看一辆新宝马上体现了多少信息与通信技术的创新，以及德国多少顶尖的软件工程师为奔驰汽车工作。 The U.S., by contrast, lets old industries die instead of renewing them with new technologies and innovation. As a result, we don’t have healthy cohesive industries; we have isolated silos. An American PhD student in computer science never even thinks about a career in the automobile industry — or, for that matter, other manufacturing-related fields. Germany has a network of public institutions that help companies recombine and improve ideas. 相比之下美国是让落后的行业消失而不是为其填充新的技术与创新使其获得新生。因此，我们没有能健康发展结合紧密的产业结构，而是互相孤立的产业。一个美国计算机技术专业的博士生甚至从没有想过在汽车行业或者其它制造业相关领域找工作。德国有政府公共机构网络来帮助企业重组或者改进他们的点子。 In other words, innovation doesn’t end with invention. The Fraunhofer Institutes, partially supported by the government, move radical ideas into the marketplace in novel ways. They close the gap between research and the daily grind of small and medium-size enterprises. Bell Labs used to do this in the United States for telecommunications, but Fraunhofer now does this on a much larger scale across Germany’s entire industrial sector. 换句话说，创新并不仅仅局限于发明。弗劳恩霍夫研究所，在政府的部分支持下，以一种新奇的方式将不同的想法植入市场，使得中小企业可以直接接触到新想法。美国贝尔实验室曾经在电信传输领域这样做。但是弗劳恩霍夫研究所现在将其应用在规模更为庞大的德国整个工业体系中。 Germany’s workforce is constantly trained, enabling it to use the most radical innovations in the most diverse and creative ways to produce and improve products and services that customers want to buy for higher prices. If you were to fill your kitchen and garage with the best products that your budget could afford, how much of this space would be filled with German products such as Miele, Bosch, BMW, and Audi? 德国的劳动力经常受到培训以确保他们能用各种各样的创造性的方法做出更多的创新为能够付出更高价格的用户提高产品和服务。如果在预算范围内你能为自己的厨房和车库配置最好的产品，那么其中又有多少是Miele，Bosch，BMW和Audi等高档的德国产品呢 -------------译者：cyqfat-审核者：龙腾翻译总管------- Germany actively coordinates these factors, creating a virtuous cycle among them. Germany innovates in order to empower workers and improve their productivity; the U.S. focuses on technologies that reduce or eliminate the need to hire those pesky wage-seeking human beings. Germany’s innovations create and sustain good jobs across the spectrum of workers’ educational attainment; American innovation, at best, creates jobs at Amazon’s fulfillment centers and in Apple stores. 德国积极协调这些因素，创造了一种良性循环。德国的创新目的是赋予工人能力，提高生产率。而美国专注于技术创新，以减少或消除雇佣工人的必要。德国创新为受教育程度不同的工人创造和提供良好的就业机会，美国的创新充其量只提供了亚马逊供应中心和苹果商城里的就业机会。 It’s high time for the U.S. to revamp its innovation system. Americans need to recognize that the purpose of innovation isn’t to produce wildly popular internet services. It’s to sustain productivity and employment growth in order to ensure real income expansion. We need new policies that allow American innovation to be scaled up and produced on American soil, by American workers. Changes need to happen in how we transfer radical inventions from the lab to the marketplace, via a set of public-private institutions that do for America what the Fraunhofer centers do for Germany. We need to think about skills training as a lifelong endeavor, with workers across the spectrum of education being taught how to use new technologies to increase productivity. 当务之急美国需要重整其创新体制。美国人需要认清创新的目的不是创造广泛受欢迎的网络服务。而是保持生产力和扩大就业，以确保真正的收入增长。 我们需要新的政策使得美国创新能够通过美国工人的力量在美国的土地上扩大生产和制造。我们需要进行较大幅度转变使得实质性发明从实验室转移到市场， 像德国夫劳霍夫实验室所做的那样通过一系列公私合营机构实现这一点。我们需要将技能培养作为长期的努力，使得各种不同学历的工人们能够得到培训， 学会利用新技术促进生产的提高。 Economic growth doesn’t happen at the moment of invention. Only innovation policies that target the complete innovation cycle will succeed in creating economic growth that enhances the welfare of all citizens. There is nothing a German can do that a properly trained and incentivized American cannot. 只靠发明并不会促进经济增长。只有创新政策能够着眼于建立完善的创新循环才会成功的促进经济增长，提高全民福利。只要美国大众得到培训和激励，那么德国能做到的，美国就一定也能做到。 评论翻译:
-------------译者：wszpwsren-审核者：龙腾翻译总管------------ German worker · a day ago "Germany is better at sustaining employment growth and productivity, while expanding citizens’ real incomes." Unfortunately the real incomes of average workers in Germany have been stagnant for about a decade. Germans by large aren't shareholders. german worker 一天前 “德国擅长于维持就业增长和促进生产力，同时增加市民的实际收入” 很抱歉，德国工人的实际收入已经有十年没有增长了，德国人大体上不是股东。 Germanguest · 2 days ago Give the complete plans about building a car with three errors in it to a team from: - America - Japan - Germany - The Americans will build the car exactly like the plan states and with all the errors – it won't run. - The Team from Japan I'm sure will find one error and maybe the car will run, but needs a recall. In the case of Germany one has to look for the age of the labor: - If you have a team with 60 year old labor they will find all errors and correct them, the car is safe for daily usage. - If you have a team with 40 year old labor then they should be as good to find two errors and the car would also run, but will need one fixed. - If the labor from Germany are 20 years old then, omg - they are comparable to the team from America. germanguest 两天前 给一个带三个错误的的计划去让三个国家的小组做一辆车 -美国 -日本 -德国 -美国人会严格按照这个计划去做....包括其中的错误——所以造出来的车当然不会动了。 -我相信日本人大概能找到一个错误，也许能把车开起来，但肯定需要召回车辆。 德国人的话，要看工人的年龄 -如果是一队60岁老师傅的话，他们会找出所有的错误然后改正，造出来的车很安全。 -如果是一队40岁大叔的话，他们最多找出来俩错误，这车一样跑，也许要大修一次。 -如果是一队20岁年轻人.......我的天...他们和美国人有的比..。 -------------译者：cyqfat-审核者：bluebit------------ Thanks for writing this. 感谢写了这篇文章。 Hello from Eastern Ontario, where there used to be a lot of manufacturing in the Cornwall area. Just watching BNN 30 mins ago where "low paying blue collar jobs" was mentioned again. I think they would include welders, millrights, NC machine operators, electricians, pipe fitters, etc. Hopefully they are referring to the "white collar jobs" in retail, distribution, etc. 我在东安大略地区表示问候，在康纳沃地区曾拥有很多制造厂。看看BNN不就前再次提到的“低薪的蓝领就业机会”。我便想到他们中包含有焊工、装配工、数控操作员、电工、水管工等。希望他们所指的“白领工作”就是零售业和分销商方面的从业人员。 My son works for a small German "manufacturing" company called Liebherr. At $9BIL, 33,000 employees worldwide they are still a small fraction of the total $1.5Trillion Germany exports to the ROW. http://en./wiki/E... 我儿子在一家名为liebherr的德国小型“制造”公司工作。全球员工总数3.3万人，年产值90亿美元，但与德国出口总额15万亿美元相比还仅占一小部分。 He's just back from Germany to be trained for 30 days in new welding techniques and he met many young "PAID interns" about 17 years old who were working to learn basic mettalurgy. They had already figured out with the personal advice from their trade school teachers, collaborating with Liebherr people their "blue collar careers"- which end up 10 years later paying enough.to drive another neat German product the BMW down the spanking new Autobahn's. 他刚刚结束焊接新技术30天培训从德国回来。他碰到了很多年轻的“有工资收入的实习生”，只有17岁左右的实习生，学习基本的金属加工技术。他已经通过职业学校的老师的建议中明白了自己的工作方向，与liebherr合作，开启自己的“蓝领职业生涯“，十年后，他们就有能力开着宝马行驶在德国的公路上了。 In fact the President of the Liebherre crane group dropped into the training center to see the North American students, spent a few minutes with my son. 事实上，该公司总裁曾深入培训中心看望北美学生，并且和我儿子聊了几分钟。 你说的太笼统了。我原来的英国老板开的能源供应公司在2002年被德国巨头莱茵集团兼并了。我曾和德国同事紧密合作并且痛苦的学习了德语。然而，莱茵公司向我们展现了很多不足，优点倒不多。比如，我和我的英国（或者荷兰）同事都没办法和其他部门如生产部、化工部的德国人相处，尽管这些德国人在专业上毫无疑问是非常优秀的。让人矛盾的是，虽然我们常常会在德国埃森市的酒吧里整夜整夜的辩论，然而，令人遗憾的是，即使我们这些英国人在待人真诚和适应环境方面很出名（我认为），但几乎所有的来自英国的资深管理者最终都会和德国同事保持距离，或者像我一样辞职。企业文化如此压抑让我们觉得仿佛回到了40年前。虽然我仍然尊重德国和德国人民以及他们在经济上做取得的辉煌成就，但德国公司并不是完美无缺的。 这些企业巨头（正如他们遍布全球的身躯一样）难以组织协调并很容易死于安乐。 |
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