【原创】高考文言文常用单音节古今异义练习（100例）

【原创】高考文言文常用单音节古今异义练习（100例

  文高考言文常用单音节古今异义练习（100例）

 （亦属一词多义范畴）

 

    罗志辉 编 

                                                        

解释所列词语的意义，把答案写在后面的横线上。

1.  爱   我非爱其财而易之以羊也，宜乎百姓之谓我爱也。                                       

2.  按   既而以吴民之乱请于朝，按诛五人。                                                   

3.  比   比及三年，可使有勇，且知方也。                                                     

4.  走   双兔傍地走，安能辨我是雌雄。                                                       

5.  病   向吾不为斯役则久已病矣。                                                           

6.  再   问者  香于鼎，再拜。                                                               

7.  池   废池乔木，犹厌言兵。                                                               

8.  次   秦伯素服郊次。                                                                     

9.  董   余将董道而不豫兮。                                                                   

10. 都   军惊而坏都舍。                                                                     

11. 伐   此五霸之伐也。                                                                     

〔辨：每一令出，平（屈平）伐其功。                                                         

12. 干   哭声直上干云霄。                                                                   

13. 间   肉食者谋之，又何间焉。                                                              

14. 景   凡百元首，承天景命。                                                               

15. 戾   鸢（yuān）飞戾天者，望峰息心。                                                     

16. 廉   其文约，其辞微，其志洁，其行廉。                                                    

17. 令   年始十八九，便言多令才。                                                           

18. 审   审知故扬州阁部史公果死耶。                                                         

19. 速   至丹以荆卿为计，始速祸焉。                                                         

20. 汤   金城汤池。                                                                         

21. 信   冬夏睛雨，姿态万变，信造化之尤物也。                                               

22. 寻   未果，寻病终。                                                                     

23. 狱   小大之狱，虽不能察，必以情。                                                       

24. 坐   王曰：“何坐?”曰：“坐盗。”/停车坐爱枫林晚。                                     

25. 去   去京口，挟匕首以备不测，几自刭死。                                                 

26. 稍   稍去近之，然，莫相知。                                                               

27. 均   均之二策，宁许以负秦曲。                                                            

28. 怜   可怜体无比，阿母为汝求。                                                            

29. 安   衣食所安。                                                                         

30. 拜   以相如功大，拜为上卿。                                                             

31. 鄙   蜀之鄙有二僧，其一贫，其一富。                                                     

32. 必   王必无人，臣愿奉璧往使。                                                           

33. 辟   连辟公府不就。                                                                     

34. 参   君子博学而日参省乎己。                                                             

35. 曾   曾不能毁山之一毛。                                                                 

36. 诚   诚如是，则霸业可成，汉室可兴也。                                                   

37. 刺   自岁时伏腊一刺之外，即经年不往也。                                                 

38. 摧   阿母大悲摧。                                                                       

39. 存   臣乃市井鼓刀屠者，而公子亲数存之。                                                 

40. 第   第以今日事观之。                                                                    

41. 放   既而胡即放宁夏知府，旋升宁夏道。                                                   

42. 敢   役夫敢申恨？                                                                        

43. 顾   将军宜枉车驾顾之。                                                                 

44. 管   郑人使我掌其北门之管。                                                               

45. 害   争宠而心害其能。                                                                   

46. 怀   诸侯亲之，戎狄怀之，以正晋国。                                                     

47. 捐   乃捐金于野。                                                                       

48. 可   高可二黍许。                                                                       

49. 控   将军角弓不得控。                                                                   

50. 款   一旦事变中起，衅孽外乘，辄屈膝叩首迎款，唯恐或后。                                 

〔辨析：款塞入朝                   热情款待                 〕

51. 乱   乱曰：鸾鸟凤凰，日以远兮。                                                         

52. 落   矗不知几千万落。                                                                   

53. 牧   念高危则思谦冲而自牧。                                                             

54. 奇   恐此事非奇。                                                                       

55. 迁   顷襄王怒而迁之。再迁为太史令。                                                     

56. 亲   予虽亲在不敢言老。/其将归见其亲也。                                                 

57. 寝   时座上有健啖客，貌甚寝。                                                           

58. 穷   固将愁苦而终穷。                                                                   

59. 渠   渠会永无缘。                                                                       

60. 如   遂绝齐，使使如秦受地。                                                             

61. 摄   侯生摄敝衣冠。                                                                     

62. 适   余自齐安舟行适临汝。                                                               

63. 说   或说处杀虎斩蛟。                                                                   

64. 泰   骄泰奢侈，贪欲无艺。                                                               

65. 特   特示故人耳。                                                                       

66. 贴   民日贴妇卖儿。                                                                     

67. 同   不知三军之事而同三军之政者。                                                       

68. 微   其文约，其辞微。                                                                   

69. 闻   恐恐然惟惧其人之有闻也。                                                           

70. 无   是故无贵无贱，无长无少，道之所存，师之所存也。                                     

71. 向   向吾不为斯役则久己病矣。                                                           

72. 形   无案牍之劳形。                                                                     

73. 休   怀怒未发，休祲降于天。                                                             

74. 严   严大国之威以修敬也。                                                               

75. 义   不宜妄自菲薄，引喻失义，以塞忠谏之路也。                                           

76. 艺   贪欲无艺。                                                                         

77. 易   贼易之。                                                                           

78. 淫   淫侈之俗日日以长，是天下之大贼也。                                                 

79. 赢   赢粮而景从。                                                                        

80. 章   黑质而白章。                                                                       

81. 奏   相如奉璧奏秦王。                                                                     

82. 方   方正之不容也。                                                                       

83. 分   予分当引决。                                                                         

84. 封   元嘉草草，封狼居胥，赢得仓皇北顾。                                                   

  （辨：封疆大臣：                          ）

85. 鼓   臣乃市井鼓刀屠者，而公子亲数存之。                                                  

86. 厚   女行无偏斜，何意致不厚。                                                            

87. 加   万钟于我何加焉。                                                                   

88. 难   所谓交相问难。                                                                     

89. 狱   小大之狱,虽不能察,必以情。                                                         

90. 曲   宁许以负秦曲。                                                                     

91. 善   太子善错计策。                                                                     

92. 身   且以汝之有身也。                                                                   

93. 视   公之视廉将军孰与秦王。/视三十年前倍增焉。                                          

94. 游   游于三辅。                                 /秦时与臣游。                           

95. 必：  王必无人，臣愿奉璧往使。                                                          

96. 约   乃请宾客，约车骑百余乘。                                                           

97. 志   博闻强志。/寻向所志。                                                              

98. 脱：脱获回耗，虽死必谢。                                                                 

99. 哀   君将哀而生之乎？                                                                   

100.学   不学无术。                                                                         

 

                      100例常用文言单音节古今异义词练习答案

   （亦属一词多义范畴）

                                                     

1.吝啬 

2.查究

3.等到

4.跑

5.穷困  困苦

6.两

7.护城河

8.临时驻扎

9.正

10.大

11.功业

〔辨：夸耀〕

12.冲

13.参加  参与

14.大

15.至  到

16.方正

17.美好

18.的确  确实

19.招致

20.开水  热水

21.的确（尤物：①珍贵的物品。②特别漂亮的女人）

22.不久

23.案件

24.因犯……罪/因为

25.离开

26.渐渐

27.权衡  比较

28.爱

29.安身养命

30.授官  调升

31.边境

32.如果

33.征召

34.检查

35.还  连……都……（连山上一根毫毛都不能损毁）

36.果真  如果

37.名帖  名片

38.伤心

39.慰问  探望

40.只

41.安排   京官外任

42.岂敢

43.拜访

44.钥匙

45.嫉妒

46.归附

47.丢弃

48.大约

49.拉

50.归顺  服罪

  〔 辨析：敲、叩 / 招待  〕

51.辞赋结尾形式，，多是议论性

52.座

53.修养

54.同“宜”  适宜

55.贬官  降职

56.父母

57.丑陋

58.困窘  不得志

59.代词  他

60.到  往

61.整理  穿好

62.到  往

63.劝说

64.放纵

65.只  不过  只不过

66.典当  抵押

67.参加  参与

68.含蓄精妙

69.名声（提心吊胆地只怕他人有了名望）

70.无论

71．（假如）过去

72.身体

73.休：吉祥；祲：不祥之气，妖气  

74.敬重  尊重〔尊重（你们）大国的〕

威严以表示敬意啊〕                                    

75.适宜  恰当  适当

76.度  限度

77.轻视

78.过分  多

79.背负

80.花纹

81.进献

82.端方

83.按职分

84.筑坛祭天  这里指盟誓

   （辨：边界）

85.操  拿

86.看重

87.好处  益处

88.质问  问难

89.案件

90.理亏

91.善：使……善，改进  改正

92.身孕

93.比  比较

94.旅行出外求学求官

95.如果

96.装备  整理

97.记

98.如果

99.可怜

100.学问