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ω-3脂肪酸DHA的转运蛋白Mfsd2a在此处显示为红色荧光沿小鼠脑毛细血管。图片来源:龙北阮 人们都知道, DHA是一种必需的膳食营养,它们可以从海产品和海洋油提取得到。婴儿配方奶粉的公司都特别切合DHA的好处,以及婴儿配方奶粉市场都不能够没有它。 DHA被认为是大脑中至关重要的和最丰富的一种ω-3脂肪酸。然而,大脑不能够自己产生DHA。相反,大脑摄取DHA主要有两种方式。在胎儿发育过程中,发育的大脑吸收DHA方式主要是由母亲补给给婴儿。而成人大脑主要是通过食物或由肝脏产生摄取DHA。 虽然公认为DHA有益于大脑,但是大脑是如何吸收脂肪酸的机制仍然难以捉摸。该研究的资深作者、杜克 - 新加坡国立大学的副教授David L. Silver解开了这个谜的关键。 “如果我们能证明通过确定DHA如何进入大脑的连接,那么我们就可以使用此信息来更有效地瞄准其吸收并制定改进的营养剂。 ” 由杜克 - 新加坡国立大学的博士后龙北阮领导的这项研究发现,缺乏Mfsd2a转运蛋白的小鼠的大脑比有转运蛋白的小鼠小了三分之一,以及表现出记忆和学习障碍和焦虑水平高。该小组认识到,这些小鼠的学习,记忆和行为功能都让人联想到,小鼠体内缺乏ω- 3脂肪酸,以及饮食缺乏DHA。 然后,用生物化学的方法,该研究小组发现,缺乏Mfsd2a的小鼠同样也缺乏DHA,并且他们有了一个意外的发现,Mfds2a采用lysophosphatidlycholine ( LPC )的化学形式转运DHA。LPCS主要是通过人体血液循环的高水平肝脏产生的磷脂。一个显著的发现是,LPCS被认为对细胞有毒,以及对它们在血液中的作用仍然知之甚少。基于这一令人惊讶的新信息,Silver博士的研究小组发现,在胎儿大脑发育和成人大脑中,Mfds2a是DHA吸收的主要途径,通过lysophosphatidlycholine ( LPC )的化学形式携带。 这项研究结果已经发布于2014年5月14日的Nature杂志上,标志着首次对大脑的DHA不足,及其在大脑中有效的功能提供了一个遗传模型。 “我们的研究结果可以帮助指导技术的发展,以更有效地整合DHA食物,并利用这一途径来最大限度地提高了营养品,以改善大脑发育和功能的潜力。这尤其是在胎儿发育过程中,早产儿没有吸收足够的DHA,” Silver在杜克 - 新加坡国立大学的心血管和代谢紊乱项目中说道。原文摘要:Mfsd2a is a transporter for the essential omega-3 fatty acid docosahexaenoic acid Long N. Nguyen, Dongliang Ma, Guanghou Shui, Peiyan Wong, Amaury Cazenave-Gassiot,Xiaodong Zhang, Markus R. Wenk, Eyleen L. K. Goh & David L. Silver Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) is an omega-3 fatty acid that is essential for normal brain growth and cognitive function. Consistent with its imp0rtance in the brain, DHA is highly enriched in brain phospholipids. Despite being an abundant fatty acid in brain phospholipids, DHA cannot be de novo synthesized in brain and must be imp0rted across the blood–brain barrier, but mechanisms for DHA uptake in brain have remained enigmatic. Here we identify a member of the major facilitator superfamily—Mfsd2a (previously an orphan transporter)—as the major transporter for DHA uptake into brain. Mfsd2a is found to be expressed exclusively in endothelium of the blood–brain barrier of micro-vessels. Lipidomic analysis indicates that Mfsd2a-deficient (Mfsd2a-knockout) mice show markedly reduced levels of DHA in brain accompanied by neuronal cell loss in hippocampus and cerebellum, as well as cognitive deficits and severe anxiety, and microcephaly. Unexpectedly, cell-based studies indicate that Mfsd2a transports DHA in the form of lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC), but not unesterified fatty acid, in a sodium-dependent manner. Notably, Mfsd2a transports common plasma LPCs carrying long-chain fatty acids such LPC oleate and LPC palmitate, but not LPCs with less than a 14-carbon acyl chain. Moreover, we determine that the phosphor-zwitterionic headgroup of LPC is critical for transport. imp0rtantly, Mfsd2a-knockout mice have markedly reduced uptake of labelled LPC DHA, and other LPCs, from plasma into brain, demonstrating that Mfsd2a is required for brain uptake of DHA. Our findings reveal an unexpected essential physiological role of plasma-derived LPCs in brain growth and function. 对应Nature杂志: 2014年5月22日Nature杂志精选 |
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