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宾语从句定义：在复合句中，做宾语的从句叫宾语从句。 宾语从句的构成：动词（短语）/介词/系表+引导词+宾从 宾语从句的用法——“三关”原则。 第一关：引导词关 1.由that 引导宾语从句。（That 只有语法作用，没有实在的意义，在口语和非正式文体中可以省略。） 如：He said (that) he wanted to stay at home. She doesn’t know (that) she is seriously ill. I am sure (that) he will succeed. 2. 由连接代词who, whom, whose, what, which 和连接副词when,where, why, how 引导宾语从句。 注意：这些连接代词和连接副词在宾语从句中充当某个成分。 如：Do you know who (whom) they are waiting for? He asked whose handwriting was the best. Can you tell me where the No.3 bus stop is? I don’t know why the train is late. 3. 由if 或whether 引导宾语从句。if和whether 在句中意思是“是否”。 如：I want to know if (whether) he lives there. He asked me whether (if) I could help him. 表格总结： 注意事项： ★一般情况下,if 和whether可以互换,但以下3种情况只能用whether: ①在不定式前:Whetherto go there or not hasn’t been decided. ②在介词前:Itdepends on(依靠) whether it is goingto rain. ③与ornot连用:They are talkingabout whether to go there or not. ★连接代词who, whom, whose,what, which,连接副词when, where, why, how,它们起连接作用,作句子成分,各有自己的意义. e.g.The teacher asked the new students which class he was in. ★1.由连接代、副词引导的宾语从句可以和“疑问词+不定式”结构转化. e.g. Idon’t know how I should do with the presents. → I don’t know how to do with thepresents. 2.要注意区分判断由if, when引导的从句类型，引导状语从句，主将从现。 第二关：语序关——宾语从句的语序应为陈述句的语序。 如：What does he like？+ I wonder→I wonder what he likes. 我想知道他喜欢什么。 Where were you born？+ He asked →He asked mewhere I was born.他问我出生的地方。 ★陈述句变为宾语从句时,要注意人称和时态的变化,语序不变. e.g. She said, “I will leave a message foryou.” → She said she would leave a message for me. 一般疑问句和特殊疑问句变为宾语从句时,也要注意人称和时态的变化,后面接陈述语序。 e.g. “Where are the students?” I asked Emma. →I asked Emma where the students were. 特例: 1, Could you tell me为主句，从句时态不变。 2, what’s the matter不改语序。What the matter is 意义不同。
第三关：时态关 宾语从句时态关系 1. 如果主句的时态是一般现在时，宾语从句该用什么时态就用什么时态。（主现从随便） 如：I don’t think (that) you are right. Please tell us where he is. Can you tell me how I can get to the railway station? 2. 如果主句的时态是一般过去时，宾语从句只能用相应的过去时态。（主过从必过） 如：He asked what time it was. He told me that he was preparing for the sports meet. He asked if you had written to Peter. He said that he would go back to the U.S. soon. 3. 如果宾语从句所陈述的是客观真理，其时态常用一般现在时，此时不受主句时态影响。（客观真理永一现） 如：Our teacher said thatJanuary is the first month of the year. Scientists have proved that the earth turns around thesun. 总结： 宾语从句钻石三原则： 1. 宾语从句使用陈述语序。 2. 主从句时态“保持一致”。 3.宾语从句描述客观事实、普遍真理一律用一般现在时。 【中考原题再现】 (2014,27)It`shard to believe ____ the way out of the forest without the help of the localguide. A.whatthey were able to find B.what were they able to find C.howthey were able to find D.how were they able to find 【答案】C 【解析】考点：宾语从句。believe 后为宾语从句，要用陈述语序，排除BD，find后已经有宾语way，因此选择关系副词how。翻译:很难相信没有当地导游的帮忙，他们是怎么找到这个森林的出口。 (2013,27) I don’t understand _________ that everything’s fine when it’snot. A. howcan he say B.can he say how C. he cansay how D.how he can say 【答案】D 【解析】考点：宾语从句。要用陈述语序：疑问词+主语+谓语+其他。意思是我不能理解他怎么可以是非颠倒。 (2012,26) –Could you tell me _________? -Ofcourse. A. where’s there a good place to eat B. where there’s a good place toeat C. where is a good place to eat D. where a good place is toeat 【答案】B 【解析】考查宾语从句的语序。当宾语从句是疑问句时，疑问句要改为陈述语序。 (2011,29)Franklin told them all ______ to be in Britain again. A. he washow happy B. how happy he was C. how was he happy D. he was happy how 【答案】B 【解析】宾语从句。宾语从句关系词在从句句首，其语序为陈述语序。 |
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