震旦女子文理学院是国内为数不多的女子大学，由美国圣心女修会创建于1926年，现为向明中学，校区位于长乐路。学院的教务长和教导主任都是美国修女，她们用英语授课。 As one of the few women’s colleges in China, the Aurora College for Women — today’s Shanghai Xiangming High School on Changle Road — was founded in 1926 by Mother Superior C. Nourry of the Convent of Sacred Heart. With American nuns as deans and educational directors, the medium of instruction was English. 学校分两部分：东侧是原美国圣心女修会的校舍，西侧为邬达克设计的新楼，两者在三四层相连。邬达克新楼的平面为U形，开口向南，与旧楼呈垂直关系。 The college had two buildings. The eastern section was the original school building of the Convent of Sacred Heart. Hudec designed a new building in the west, which was connected to the eastern building on the third and fourth floors. Shaped like a huge “U,” the new building opened to the south and formed a vertical angle to the old one. 新楼的一楼有体育馆兼礼堂、阅览室、图书馆、家政教室、接待室、餐厅以及厨房。礼堂三面向花园，比例舒适愉悦。 The ground floors contained the gymnasium — which could be converted into an auditorium — the reading room, library, domestic science room, reception, dining rooms and kitchen. The auditorium, which had three sides opened to the garden, was especially pleasing with its restful proportions. 学生宿舍在顶楼。大楼还配备了生物、物理和化学实验室、美术室和工作室。 On the next two floors were about 24 classrooms and the teachers’ rooms. The top floor housed the student dormitories. In addition, the building was equipped with biology, physics and chemistry laboratories, an art department and studios. 大楼的立面是纯粹的现代主义风格，有大面积通透的玻璃窗和许多弧形转角，让这座功能实用的大楼看上去十分优雅。 The fa?ade boasted a modern style with grand glass windows and curved corners, giving an elegant look to this functional building. 据负责向明中学测绘的上海市房地产科学研究所建筑师郭戈介绍，无论是布局还是立面，邬达克将现代主义风格表现得淋漓尽致，让人不禁想起包豪斯学派和瑞士现代主义大师勒·柯布西耶的设计。 “No matter on the layout or the fa?ade, Hudec boldly adapted the ideas of modern architecture, which reminded of the Bauhaus campus or Swiss-French architect Le Corbsier’s new buildings in many ways,” says architect Guo Ge from Shanghai Real Estate Science Research Institute, who headed a survey of the building before its 2010 renovation. 她说：“我描摹了原始图纸，发现大师就是大师，空间非常流畅，安排得很合理。室内的门设有凹槽，这样无论打开还是关上，都仿佛看不到门，与墙浑然一体，真是十分贴心的设计。屋顶有一个设备房，连这个小东西也做得特别美，一条窗无阻碍地延伸很长，一门一梯都是黄金比例，体现了建筑师的扎实功底和专业素养。” “I was amazed by Hudec’s refined design while counterdrawing his blueprints,” she recalls. “He’s a real master. The free-flowing space was perfectly arranged. The doors were designed with groves so that they merged into the walls and became invisible no matter when opened or closed. Even a small facility room on the roof was graced by a long, uninterrupted glass window and a pair of doors and staircase in great proportion — so beautiful.” 有点遗憾的是，1960年礼堂外侧加建了一座裙楼，改变了那个设计相当别致的礼堂的立面风貌。 But Guo found it a pity that an additional building was added outside the auditorium in the 1960s, which greatly changed the college’s signature modern fa?ade. 参与向明中学修缮改造的现代建筑集团建筑师邹勋发现了向明中学跟绿房子有不少相似之处。他恰好也参与了绿房子的修缮工作。 Another Chinese architect, Zou Xun of Shanghai Xian Dai Architectural Design Group, noted similarities between the college building and another Hudec work of the same period, the Green House. “两座楼都有大量的弧形装饰，都用了密肋梁板，这样可以节省净高。还有一些建筑细节也几乎一模一样，如邬达克经典的铁艺装饰和螺旋形落水。” “Both buildings were embellished by numerous curves and both use Hudec’s preferred ribbed boards, which saved the clear height of the building,” says Zou, who participated in renovating the Aurora College and the Green House. “Some architectural details also mirror each other, such as the simple-cut cast-iron decoration and the spiral-shaped rain spout.” 他还提到，邬达克特别擅长根据建筑功能和造价来选择建材。 He also admired Hudec’s selection of materials to suit different owners and functions. “为豪宅绿房子，他选择了昂贵的釉面砖，而为这所学校，就用了很朴实的粉刷立面，效果也不错。这也是他总是深受业主喜爱的原因。” “For a luxurious residence like the Green House, he used expensive, customer-made glazed tiles. But he only whitewashed the fa?ade of the college in an economic way that gave a simple, plain effect, fit for a campus. That’s why he was always loved by his customers,” Zou chuckles. 新楼落成时，英文报纸Shanghai Sunday Times提到，“文理学院的目标是培养女孩子成为将基督教作为毕生事业的女性。学院会根据性别特点来发展其才能，塑造其性格，教育她们去完成对世界的一份职责。而在这里，关于宗教和道德教育培训的实用知识更多是针对女性的，而非仅仅培养职业技能，这真的很棒。” The aim of the Aurora College was to train Chinese girls for their lives’ work as Christian women, which was to “give them the instruction suitable to their sex, to develop their faculties, to form their character and teach them to fulfill their duties in the world. A practical knowledge of their religion, moral training and education is designed more for womanly than for professional excellence, and it is remarkable,” the Shanghai Sunday Times said at the time. 学校课程包括：英语、法国和中国文学、地理、历史、艺术史、自然科学和家政研究。 The curriculum included English, French and Chinese literature, geography, history, art history, natural sciences and household studies. 知名学者钱钟书先生曾于1941年在此任教，杨绛先生的妹妹杨必（著名翻译家）是其学生。1943年至1945年，学校被日军占领，成为关押英美侨民的集中营。 Qian Zhongshu (1910-98), a renowned Chinese literary scholar, had taught here in 1941. His students included Yang Bi, sister of his famous writer wife Yang Jiang. From 1943 to 1945, the campus was occupied by the Japanese as a camp for the British and Americans.
该校后来随震旦大学并入复旦大学和交通大学。邬达克设计的大楼如今仍是向明中学教学楼。这是一所上海市重点中学，特色是培养学生的创意创新能力。 Along with Aurora University, the college was later merged with Fudan and Jiao Tong universities. Hudec’s ultramodern building has been part of today’s Shanghai Xiangming High School, one of the city’s top schools, famous for its creativity-oriented courses. 1949年后，原震旦女子文理学院的部分美国修女离开上海，在台湾以圣心女修会的名义开办了基督教学校。 Some American nuns of the former Aurora College for Women left Shanghai for Taiwan in the 1950s, where they opened a Christian school for girls under the name of Sacred Heart.
几年前台湾学校派员访沪，在向明中学校史馆看到一张老照片，女学生和美国修女在西楼前合照。而台湾学校也藏有这张照片，由此也证明两个学校都源于邬达克设计的这座现代派美楼。 “They visited our campus years ago to trace their own history and were happy to see an archival photo of Chinese female students and American nuns in front of the western building. They also have the same picture in their archives that proved the same origin of our two schools,” says teacher Zhou Jianshuang of Shanghai Xiangming High School, adding that two 19th-century pianos of the former Aurora College were still preserved on the campus.
贴士：学校不对公众开放，不过从长乐路可以欣赏建筑外观。 Tips: The school is not open to the public. But the outlook can be appreciated from Changle Road. 想要更深入了解这栋大楼的建筑特色？点击“阅读原文”一探究竟。Click “Read more” to see full version story. |
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