过去进行时

知识点总结

1.定义
过去进行时常表示过去某一时刻或过去某一阶段内正在进行的动作。
2.构成：was/were +doing

3.过去进行时的基本句型  
肯定式I was working. He / She / it was working. We were working.
疑问式Were you working? Was he / she / it working? Were we working?
否定式I was not working. He / she / it was not working. We were not working.
4.过去进行时的基本用法
a.过去进行时表示过去某一时间正在进行的动作，常和表过去的时间状语连用，如：
I was doing my homework at this time yesterday.
They were expecting you yesterday.
b.过去进行时可与soon, the next moment, in minutes, minutes later等时间状语连用，表示一个新的动作刚刚开始。如：
Soon the whole town was talking about it.
c.过去进行时可用来申述原因或用作借口，这种用法常用在口语中。如：
-- Have you finished your homework, Mary?
-- No, I was helping my mother is the kitchen all day yesterday.
d.过去进行时可用来为一个后一系列动作的发生提供背景。如：
I hurt my leg when I was riding a bike.我在骑车时把腿摔坏了。
e.过去进行时可表示过去未曾实现的愿望或打算，这时be动词was/were要重读。如：
I was writing him a letter this morning and forgot all about it .
I was seeing her tomorrow.  
He was watching the play yesterday, but he was too busy.
5. 一般过去时和过去进行时的区别
（1）一般过去式常表示在过去某时发生的动作或存在的状态（包括过去习惯动作），常与一般过去时连用的时间状语有just now, a moment ago, yesterday, last week(month, year), the day before yesterday及表示过去的时间状语从句。如：
I was sixteen yesterday old last year.
He worked in a factory in 1986.
I met her in the street the day before yesterday.
He often swam in the river when he was young.
（2）过去进行时表示过去某一段时间或某一时刻正在进行的动作。常与之连用的时间状语有，at that time/moment, (at) this time yesterday (last night/Sunday/week…), at+点钟+yesterday (last night / Sunday…)，when sb. did sth等时间状语从句。
What were you doing at seven p.m. yesterday?
I first met Mary three years ago. She was working at a radio shop at the time.
I was cooking when she knocked at the door.
（3）一般过去时往往表示某一动作已经完成，而过去进行时却表示动作在持续或未完成。如：
I saw you while you were speaking to the teacher.
注意：有的过去时间状语既可用于一般过去时，也可用于过去进行时，但含义不同。如：
She wrote a letter to her friend last night.（信写完了）
She was writing a letter to her friend last night.（信不一定写完）
6.过去进行时的时间状语
（1）when 和while引导的状语从句中，强调某个动作正在进行的过程中时要用进行时态，while表示一段时间，因此它所引导的状语从句中，谓语动词常用进行时态，如：
When/While we were having supper, the light went out.
（2）when用作并列连词时，主句常用进行时态，从句则用一般过去时，表示主句动作发生的过程中，另一个意想不到的动作发生了。如：
I was walking in the street when someone called me.
7.下面几种情况不用一般过去时而要用过去进行时：
（1）表示过去某一阶段暂时性的习惯动作时。如：
Tom was getting up at six o’clock every day that week.
（2）与always连用表示赞美，厌烦等感情色彩时。如：
John was always coming to school late.
Lei Feng was always doing good deeds for the people.
（3） 用来描写故事发生的情景时。如：
It was a dark night. The wind was blowing hard and the rain was falling heavily. A PLA man suddenly appeared on the river bank. He wanted to cross the river.
（4） when作并列连词，表示“（这时）突然”之意时，第一个并列分句用过去进行时，when引导的并列分句用一般过去时。如：
I was taking a walk when I met him.
We were playing outside when it began to rain.
（5）go, come, leave, start, arrive等动词可用过去进行时表示过去将来的含义。如：
I was leaving for Wuhan that day.
She was coming later.

 8.过去进行时表示婉转语气（只限于want, hope, wonder 等动词），用以提出请求。如：

I was wondering if you could help me.
I was hoping you could send me home. 

常见考法

1.对过去进行时基本用法的考查；2.过去进行时和一般过去时的搭配表达。

误区提醒

1.对过去进行时的时间状语不熟悉，机械理解；2.主从句时态的搭配错误。

【典型例题】

1) Mary ___ a dress when she cut her finger.

A. made B. is making C. was making D. makes

解析：答案C. 割伤手指是已发生的事情，应用过去时。同时，when表时间的同时性，"玛丽在做衣服时"提供事情发生的背景，因此用过去进行时。

2) As she ___ the newspaper, Granny ___ asleep.

A.read； was fallingB. was reading； fellC. was reading； was fallingD. read；fell

解析：答案B.句中的as = when, while，意为"当……之时"。描述一件事发生的背景时，用过去进行；一个长动作发生的时候，另一个短动作发生。句意为 "在她看报纸时，奶奶睡着了。"句中的 fell (fall的过去时)，是系动词，后跟形容词，如：fall sick。

3）Tom ___ into the house when no one ___.
A. slipped, was looking B. had slipped, looked

C. slipped, had looked D. was slipping, looked

解析：错选D。因为常见的表达是：Mother was cooking supper when I got home.

主句是一般过去时而从句是过去进行时。此题受之影响而犯错。正确答案A。