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中考英语八种时态归纳复习
一、一般现在时：
概念： 经常、反复发生的动作或行为及现在的某种状况。
时间状语： always, usually, often, sometimes, every week (day, year, month…), once a week, on Sundays
基本结构 ：① be 动词；②实义动词
否定形式：① am/is/are+not; ②谓语动词若为实义动词，A.主语不是三单式，则don't+动词原形 B.主语为三单式，则 doesn't+动词原形。
一般疑问句：①把 be 动词放于句首；②谓语动词若为实义动词，A.主语不是三单式，用助动词 Do+主语+动词原形
B.主语为三单式，则Does+主语+动词原形Helen ________ a good student.(be)
Helen ________ fishing very much.(like) Helen’s friends usually ________ to school by bike.(go)
二、一般过去时：
概念： 过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态；过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为。
时间状语： …ago, yesterday, the day before yesterday, last week(year, night, month…), in 1989, just now, at the age of 5, one day, at last, in the end, finally, at first
基本结构： ① was/were；②实义动词的过去式 (dodid, comecame, stopstopped)
否定形式：① was/were+not; ②在实义动词前加 didn't ，同时还原实义动词，即didn’t+动词原形
一般疑问句：① was 或 were 放于句首；②用助动词 do 的过去式did 提问，同时还原实义动词。 Helen ________ born in Wuxi.(be)
Helen ________ to school by bike yesterday.(go)
三、现在进行时 ：
概念： 表示现阶段或说话时正在进行的动作及行为。
时间状语： now, at this time, these days, look, listen
基本结构： am/is/are+doing 否定形式： am/is/are+not+doing.
一般疑问句：把 be 动词放于句首。
Listen, Helen ________ a song in the room.(sing)
四、过去进行时：
概念： 表示过去某段时间或某一时刻正在发生或进行的行为或动作。
时间状语： at this time yesterday, at that time, from 6 to 8 last night, at 5 yesterday evening或以 when/while 引导的谓语动词是一般过去时的时间状语等。
基本结构： was/were+doing 否定形式： was/were + not + doing.
一般疑问句：把 was 或 were 放于句首。 Helen ________ TV at six last night.(watch)
I ________ TV when Mum came home last night.(watch)
五、现在完成时：
概念： 过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，或从过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态。
时间状语 ： since…,for…,in/during the past few/two years, ever, yet, already, recently, over the years(几年来，这么多年来)，主（现完）+since +从（一过）,just（注意和just now的区别）,so far, till now
基本结构： have/has + done 否定形式： have/has + not +done.
一般疑问句： have 或 has+主语+ done Helen ________ in Nanjing for twenty yearsThe readers are all very happy because they ________ a new book.(receive)
六、过去完成时：
概念： 以过去某个时间为标准，在此以前发生的动作或行为，或在过去某动作之前完成的行为，即“过去的过去”。
时间状语： by the end of last year(term, month…) ,by+过去的时间，主(过完)+before+从(一过)
基本结构： had + done. 否定形式： had + not + done.
一般疑问句： had 放于句首。
They ________ in Nanjing by the end of last year.(be)
The plane ___________ off before/when we got to the airport.(take)
七、一般将来时：
概念： 表示目前将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算、计划或准备做某事。
时间状语： tomorrow, next day(week, month, year…),soon, in a few minutes, by+将来的时间,the day after tomorrow
基本结构： am/is/are/going to + do 或 will/shall + do.
否定形式： am/is/are/not going to + do或 will/shall not+ do.一般疑问句：am/is/are 放于句首或will/shall 提到句首。 Helen ________ to Shanghai next week.(fly)
八、过去将来时：
概念： 立足于过去某一时刻，从过去看将来，常用于宾语从句中。
时间状语： the next day(morning, year…)
基本结构： ① was/were/going to + do ；② would/should + do.
否定形式：① was/were/not + going to + do; ② would/should + not + do.
一般疑问句：① was 或 were 放于句首；② would/should 提到句首。 Helen said she ________ to Shanghai the next month.(fly)
被动语态和主动语态
1．各种时态的被动语态的谓语动词形式: a. 一般现在时 : am /is /are +done b. 一般过去时 : was/were + donec. .含情态动词的被动语态:情态动词+be +过去分词 can be done may be done must be done
d. 现在完成时的被动语态:have/has +been +done e.一般将来时的被动语态:will/be going to + be +donef.复合宾语的被动语态: (主动语态中不带to,被动语态中要加to)make /help /let/ have/ sb. do sth. ask/tell sb to do sth see/hear sb do sth see/hear sb doing sth2.注:变被动语态时不要去掉组成谓语动词短语的任何一个词We must take good care of him.=He must be taken good care of.(of不能漏掉)You can catch up with us soon.=We can be caught up with soon.（with不能漏掉）
4. 下列情况不能用被动语态：
A． 不及物动词： The accident happened on a busy road yesterday .(happen, take place)
B．连系动词： The girl looks like her sister .(五官feel/taste/look/sound/smell, 五变become/turn green/grow/go bad/get warmer/, be, keep fit/healthy, seem)Don’t cross the road until the light ________ green./// This dress ________ nice.(look)
C． 英语中有些动词用主动语态表示被动语态。(表示物体本身所具有的一种性质)sell/write/read/wash/ride/cut well
The cloth washes well ./ This kind of bags sells well. / The shoes wear long. / The knife cuts well . / The pen writes smoothly . / This coat lasts long .
动词的固定搭配：
（1）后面接sb to do sth的动词：ask sb to do sth=tell sb to do sth叫某人做某事 help sb (to) do sth 帮助某人做某事would like sb to do sth,＝want sb to do sth想要某人做某事use sth to do sth,使用某物去做某事 do what he could to help me尽他所能来帮助我
wish sb to do sth希望某人做某事 advise sb to do sth建议某人做某事
remind sb to do sth提醒某人做某事
（2）后面接sb do sth的动词：make/have/let sb do sth叫某人做某事
（3）后面接to do sth 的动词：
have to do sth不得不做某事 need/require to do sth需要做某事 want to do sth/would like to do sth想要做某事hope/wish to do sth(注意没有hope sb to do sth)希望做某事be happy/glad/pleased/afraid/better/crazy/(等形容词)to do sthtry to do sth 努力做某事(下决心要把它做好了) try/do one’t best to do sth, 尽最大努力做某事
decide to do sth决定做某事 volunteer to do sth志愿去做某事
be willing to do sth愿意做某事 prefer to do sth比较喜欢做某事
take turns to do sth轮流做某事 take action(s) to do sth采取行动做某事
can’t wait to do sth迫不及待去做某事 be likely to do sth可能要做某事
ought (not) to do sth （不）应该做某事
（4）后面接doing sth 的动词：
enjoy doing sth喜欢做某事 look forward to doing sth盼望着做某事finish doing sth结束做某事 like doing sth/to do sth喜欢做某事thank sb for doing sth感谢某人做某事 be afraid of doing sth担心、害怕做某事keep doing sth不断的做某事 mind doing sth介意做某事practice doing sth练习做某事 pay attention to doing sth注意做某事
have difficulty/trouble/fun (in)doing sth做某事有困难/困难/麻烦/乐趣（高兴）
can’ help doing sth=can’t stop doing sth忍不住/情不自禁去做某事
devote … to doing sth 致力于做某事 dislike doing sth不喜欢做某事
carry on doing sth继续做某事
（5）其他：spend some time (in) doing sth花费一些时间做某事
stop/prevent sb (from) doing sth阻止某人做某事keep sb from doing sth阻止某人做某事
keep sb doing sth使某人一直做某事 had better (not) do sth最好（不要）做某事 It’s better to do sth做某事比较好
have something to say/eat，have nothing to worry about would you please (not) do sth请你（不要）做某事好吗？
would like to do sth想要做某事 why not do sth为什么不做某事呢？wait for sb to do sth, 等候某人做某事
特殊疑问词（如how,what,when,where等）+动词不定式to do 作宾语
(I don’t what to do./ I don’t know how to do it./ I don’t know when to go to Hongkong)have to go home to do housework(不定式表示目的 leave home to work, We can do everything we can to help you)It’s important/easy/hard/right/good for sb to do sth. It takes sb some time to do sth花费某人一些时间做某事
prefer doing A to doing B宁愿做事情A也不愿做事情B,喜欢做事情A更胜于做事情B
would rather do than do B宁愿做事情A也不愿做事情B
介词+动名词(instead of doing sth,about doing sth,what about/how about doing sth,by doing sth)be busy doing sth忙于做某事 be interested in doing sth对做某事感兴趣
feel like doing 想要做某事 get ready to do sth准备做某事
be ready to do sth准备/乐意做某事 start/begin to do sth/doing sth开始做某事
give up doing sth放弃做某事 go/carry on doing sth继续做某事
几个搭配的区别：
remember to do sth是提醒别忘做某事，这个动作在说话的时候还没做 remember doing sth是已做过某事，说话的时候动作已完成。 Remember to close the door, please. 记着关门。 （说话时门还没有关）I remember closing the door.我记得我关了门了。（说话时门已经关了）
forget to do sth和forget doing sthSorry,I forgot to bring the book.(对不起，我忘了带书了。) I forgot borrowing a book from you.（我忘记曾经向你借过书这件事）Don’t forget to do sth.不要忘记去做某事
stop to do sth停下来去做另一件事stop doing停止正在做的事Stop ________, the teacher is coming.(talk)I met an old friend on my way home yesterday. I stopped ________ with him.(talk)
go on to do sth继续做另外一件事/go on doing sth继续做同一件事
need/require to do 需要做某事 need/require doing 需要被…(有被动的意思 )I need to wash my clothes. My clothes need washing.
e.g. Your shoes are too dirty. They need ________.(wash)You look tired. You need ________ a good rest. (have)
动词填空的解题思路
首先判断有无动词的固定搭配，比如：ask sb ________, finish ________
如果没有动词搭配，然后看是否有明显的时间状语标志，比如：看到now一般用________。
如果上面两者都没有，可以从上下文去推断该用什么时态。比如：Don’t make any noise. The baby ______ (sleep)
注意点：
看清单复数（尤其是一般现在时的三单式），主动还是被动语态，肯定还是否定
祈使句有两种形式，动词原形开头和don’t +动词原形开头 Come here./Don’t go there.
两种从句的不同，根据需要选用不同的时态。I’ll call you if I ________ there tomorrow. (get)They won’t begin the meeting until he ________. (come)Don’t write to him until he ________ there.(arrive)I don’t know if he ________ to Nanjing next month.(fly)I’m not sure when he ________ to Nanjing.(fly)
在宾语从句中
A.若主句用一般现在时，则从句可根据实际情况用各种时态。如：
The radio says the snow later in the day. (stop)I know who the fewest yesterday.(pick)
B.若主句用一般过去时，则宾语从句要依情况用过去的某种时态：一般过去时，过去将来时，过去进行时，过去完成时。如：
He said that they to the Great Wall. (be)
Mary told me that she for Paris the next day. (leave)
C.无论主句是什么时态，宾语从句中客观真理都用一般现在时。
The teacher said the earth around the sun.(move)
(5) 在完成时中，要注意瞬间动词与延续性动词的转换。如：
They borrowed the book two weeks ago. They have kept the books for 2 weeks.
buyhave, joinbe in / be a member of…, leavebe away, arrivebe here, beginbe on,
come back be back, die be dead, fall asleepbe asleep, get upbe up, finishbe over
Our classroom __________(clean) every day.
How often __________ your clothes ______________(wash)? Every two days.
He is made _________(stay) at home on Sunday.
The twins ___________(ask) to come again yesterday.
The bike ________(return) by my uncle tomorrow.So far, a lot of trees __________(plant).
A book must _________(read) more than once.//The little boy should ________(take) good care of.
A talk on history _______(give) in our school next week.
The picture _________(take) down by the twins just now.
Coke __________(sell) all over the world.//The fish ___________(eat) up by him an hour ago.
The sweater ________(buy) yesterday.//Trousers __________(make) in this factory.
The trees in front of the house ________(water) by my father every day.
An English song ___________(learn) tomorrow.//________ the bike ________(ride) by you? Sometimes.
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