知识点总结现在分词(又称-ing形式、现在进行式) ，是分词的一种，分词又分为现在分词和过去分词，它们都是非限定动词，即在句子里面不能单独充当谓语，但能充当其它的一些成分(定语，表语，补语和状语)，并且它们具有动词的性质，所以又是类动词的一种。一般式：doing; 一般被动式：being done; 完成式：having done; 完成被动式：having been done。 所有否定式都是在-ing前面加not ，包括独立主格形式。 构成形式
※注意※ 结尾是x则不必双写，如relax→relaxing 1. 现在分词作定语，表示正在进行的或主动的动作。也可以说明被修饰词的性质和特征，此时可换成相应的定语从句。例如： ① There was a terrible noise following the sudden burst of light. ② He saw a flying bird and raised his bow. ③ I was satisfied with the exciting speech. 2. 现在分词作状语时，可作时间、条件、结果、原因和伴随状语，表示正在进行的或主动的动作。此时分词的逻辑主语就是主句的主语，因此要注意人称、时态和语态的一致性。例如： ① The visiting minister expressed his satisfaction with the talks, adding that he had enjoyed his stay here. ② European football is played in more than 80 countries, making it the most popular sport in the world. ③Seeing from the top of the hill, we can find that the city looks more beautiful. 3. 现在分词作补足语，表示正在进行的或主动的动作。例如： ① Soon they could see the steam rising from the wet clothes. ② The missing boys were last seen playing near the river. 4. 现在分词的独立主格结构作状语。例如： ① With his lips still trembling, he couldn't say a word. ②“ Mama! ” he cried suddenly, tears rolling down his cheeks. “妈妈!”他突然哭着喊，泪水从他的脸上流下来。(这里需要用现在分词的独立主格结构 tears rolling down his cheeks 作状语。) ③ Weather permitting, we'll go to the Great wall. 如果天气允许的话，我们就去长城。(这里需要用现在分词的独立主格结构 Weather permitting 作状语。) 慢跑 Slow-running 滑冰 Skating 游泳 Swimming 打篮球 Playing basketball 画画 Drawing (pictures) 唱歌 Singing 购物 Shopping 阅读 Reading 踢足球 Playing soccer/football 跳 Jumping 站 Standing 写 Writing 说 Talking/speaking/saying 跑 Running 吃 Eating …… 否定结构 现在分词的否定式由“not+现在分词”构成。如： Not knowing where to go, she went to the police for help. 她不知道该往哪儿走，就去请警察帮助。(现在分词一般式的否定结构) Not seeing John， I asked where he was. 我看不见约翰，于是问他在何处。(现在分词一般式的否定结构) Not being seen by anyone， the thief escaped. 那个贼趁无人看见时逃跑了。(现在分词被动式的否定结构) Not having done it right，I tried again. 我由于没有做对，所以又试了试。(现在分词完成式的否定结构) 一般式 (1) 现在分词的一般式通常表示其动作与谓语动词的动作同时发生。如： She sat there reading a novel. 她坐在那里看小说。 A little child learning to walk often falls. 学走路的小孩常常跌跤。 (2) 现在分词的一般式所表示的动作有时在谓语动词的动作之前发生。如： Going into the room，he shut the door. 走进房间，他就关上了门。 完成式 现在分词的完成式表示其动作在谓语动词的动作之前完成。 Having finished her homework, the little girl began to watch TV. 做完作业后，这个小女孩开始看电视。 Having lived in Beijing for many years, Carter knew the city well. 因为在北京住了多年，卡特对这个城市很熟悉。被动式 现在分词的被动式表示其逻辑主语为现在分词动作的承受者。 (1) 现在分词的一般被动式。如： The building being built is our library. 正在建的那栋楼是我们的图书馆。 The question being discussed is of great importance. 正在讨论的问题非常重要。 (2) 现在分词的完成被动式。如： Having been warned by the teacher, the students didn’t make such mistakes. 老师警告他们之后，学生们不再犯这样的错误了。 Having been told many times , he still did not know how to do it. (人家)已经告诉他多少次了，他还是不知道怎么做。 垂悬结构 现在分词作状语时，其逻辑主语应该与句子的主语一致，但有时现在分词的主语与其所在句中的主语并不一致，这种现在分词即所谓的垂悬现在分词。垂悬现在分词容易使句意模糊，甚至造成歧义，因而通常被认为是不合规范或错误的用法。 Searching along the deck，it had taken him some time to find a doctor. 他沿着甲板找了好久才找到一名医生。(searching的逻辑主语是句中的him) Walking or sleeping，this subject was always in my mind. 不论是走路或睡觉，我总是在想着这个问题。 (walking or sleeping的逻辑主语是句中的my) Traveling is interesting but tiring. 旅行是有趣的，但是使人疲劳 The pupils will get confused if they are made to learn too much. 如果让学生学得太多，他们会感到糊涂的。 The argument is very convincing. 他的论点很令人信服。 They were very excited at the news. 听到这个消息，他们非常激动。 (2) 分词作表语时，相当于形容词，不可与构成进行时态和被动语态中的分词混淆起来。它们的形式是一样但可以从意义上予以区别。试比较： The film is moving. 这电影很感人。(表语，说明主语的性质) They are moving next Sunday . 他们下个周日搬家。(现在进行时，表示动作) The bookstore is now closed. 书店现 在已关门了。(表语，说明主语所处的状态) The bookstore is usually closed at 7:30 p. m. . 书店通常在下午7：30关门。(被动语态，表示动作) 现在分词的复合结构 1.形容词性物主代词+doing Her coming to help encouraged all of us. 2.名词所有格+doing Jane's being so careless caused so much trouble. 3.人称代词的宾格+doing Would you mind my/me using your call phone? 4.名词+doing She insisted on her son/her son's going to college. 注意：现在分词的复合结构作主语时，只能用1,2两种形式;作宾语或表语时，四种形式都可以用 |
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