主谓一致 学案 【学习目标】 1.掌握英语主谓一致的一般规律,熟练运用人称和数上与主语保持一致的原则。 2.能够在书面表达中杜绝主谓一致方面的错误。 【重点难点】 1. 谓语动词用单数的种种情况。 2. 就近原则。 3. 定语从句中的主谓一致。 【自主学习】 主谓一致指的是谓语动词在人称和数上必须与主语保持一致。处理主谓一致问题,可依据三项原则:语法上一致、意义上一致和就近一致。根据这些原则,总结如下: 谓语动词用单数 (1)以单数名词或代词、动词不定式短语、动名词短语或从句作主语时,谓语动词一般要用单数动词。 例如:To work hard _____ necessary.努力工作是必要的。
Reading without comprehension is It pays to work hard. 天道酬勤。 (2)表示时间、距离、金额、重量、面积、体积、容积等度量的名词短语做主语时,谓语用_____。 例如:Two weeks was too long.两周太长了。 Ten dollars is a small sum.十美元是个小数目。 Five times five makes twenty five.五乘以五是二十五。
One and a half bananas is left on
(3)主语是单数时,尽管后面跟as well as (以及),no
Every teacher as well as his
(4)某些不定代词,如:either, neither, each, one, other, another, anybody, anyone, 例如:Each of the boys ____ an apple.每个孩子都有苹果。 Somebody is using the phone.有人正在用电话。 Everything around us is matter.我们周围一切都是物质。 (5)用and连接的并列成分前面有each, every, many a, no等词修饰时,意义为单数,动词也相应地用单数形式。
例如:In China, every boy and girl ____ the right
Each man and woman who ____ the
Many a student and teacher _____ (6) none(of+名词或代词)在正式文体中被看做单数,谓语动词用单数,但非正式文体中也可以用复数。 例如:None of us seem to have thought of it.我们中似乎没有人想到它。
“Is there any letter for me?”
None of the drivers has (have) 【探究提升】 . 谓语动词用复数
(1)用and, 例如:Plastics and rubber never rot.塑料和橡胶永不生锈。
He and I _____classmates when we
____ _____these novels _____ Few people know it.几乎无人知道。
(2)集体名词people, 例如:The Chinese people are brave and hardworking.中国人民是勤劳勇敢的。 Most police wear uniforms.绝大多数警察穿制服。
The cattle are grazing in the (3)当表示民族的词与冠词合用充当主语时,谓语动词用复数形式。 例如:The Japanese were once very aggressive.日本人曾是很具有侵略性的。
The English are more conservative (4)某些形容词前面加定冠词表示一类人。作主语时,谓语动词用复数。 例如:The rich ____ not always selfish.富人不总是自私的。 The wounded are well treated here.伤员在这儿接受良好治疗。
The aged _____ from various (5)不可数名词作主语,其前有表示数量的复数名词修饰时,谓语动词用复数。
例如:Three million tons of coal were exported that
Two million square meters of 主谓一致的几种特殊情况 1.就近原则。 有时谓语动词的人称和数与最近的主语保持一致,主要有以下两种情况:
(1)用连词either...or,
例如:What he does or what he says does not concern
Either the boy or the girl knows
Neither money nor fame____ ______ Not only you but also he is wrong.你和他都错了。 (2)在倒装结构中,谓语动词往往和后面的第一个主语取得一致。 例如:Where is your mother and younger sisters?你的母亲和妹妹们在哪里?
____ ___a book, two pencils and
2.集体名词作主语时,谓语动词的数取决于主语表示的意思和数,当表示整体时候,谓语动词就用单数,当强调集体中的个体时候,谓语动词就用复数。这些集体名词如:army, audience, band ,government The family _____ watching TV.全家人正在看电视。 The committee meets twice a month.委员会一月开两次会。
The committee are divided in The audience _____ enormous.观众人很多。
The audience ______ greatly moved 3.一些表示数量的短语与名词连用时,谓语动词的数取决于名词的数。名词是复数,谓语动词用复数,反之就用单数。
这些短语有:a lot of(lots of),plenty of, a heap of (heaps 例如:Lots of damage _____ caused by the fire.火灾造成了很大的损失。
Two thirds of people present _____
40 percent of the students _____ from
____ number of students _____ 4.定语从句中关系代词做主语时,其谓语动词的数必须与其先行词一致。
例如:I, who ____ your friend, will try
Each of us who ____ his classmates
.5.某些固定结构中主语与谓语的数: 【深度探究】
1.Mathematics
2.Many a student _
3.It is futile to discuss the matter further
4.Three weeks _ allowed for
5.Bread and butter _ |
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