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英语主谓一致

 昵称2040955 2015-08-21

   主谓一致 学案



【学习目标】



1.掌握英语主谓一致的一般规律,熟练运用人称和数上与主语保持一致的原则。



2.能够在书面表达中杜绝主谓一致方面的错误。



【重点难点】



1.  谓语动词用单数的种种情况。



2.  就近原则。



3.  定语从句中的主谓一致。



【自主学习】



主谓一致指的是谓语动词在人称和数上必须与主语保持一致。处理主谓一致问题,可依据三项原则:语法上一致、意义上一致和就近一致。根据这些原则,总结如下:



谓语动词用单数



(1)以单数名词或代词、动词不定式短语、动名词短语或从句作主语时,谓语动词一般要用单数动词。



例如:To work hard _____ necessary.努力工作是必要的。



Reading without comprehension is
no good.只读不理解是不好的。



It pays to work hard. 天道酬勤。



 (2)表示时间、距离、金额、重量、面积、体积、容积等度量的名词短语做主语时,谓语用_____



例如:Two weeks was too long.两周太长了。



Ten dollars is a small sum.十美元是个小数目。



Five times five makes twenty five.五乘以五是二十五。



One and a half bananas is left on
the table.一只半香蕉留在桌子上。



(3)主语是单数时,尽管后面跟as well as (以及)no
less than (不少于……,多 )rather
than(而不是)more
than(不止是,超过)but(除了)except(……)besides( 加之,还有)with(……一起,和……一块儿)along with(……一起)accompanied
by ( ……陪同)combined with(加上)in addition to(……以外)including(包括)together
with(……一起)等,谓语动词仍用______形式。



Every teacher as well as his
students _____ (hope) to see their progress.



(4)某些不定代词,如:either, neither, each, one, other, another, anybody, anyone,
anything,somebody,someone,something,everybody,everyone,everything,nobody,no
one, nothing 等,当他们做主语时,其谓语动词通常用单数形式。



例如:Each of the boys ____ an apple.每个孩子都有苹果。



Somebody is using the phone.有人正在用电话。



Everything around us is matter.我们周围一切都是物质。



(5)and连接的并列成分前面有each, every, many a, no等词修饰时,意义为单数,动词也相应地用单数形式。



例如:In China, every boy and girl ____ the right
to compulsory education.在中国每个儿童都有权利接受义务教育。 (注意上学期练习题中曾经考查过)



Each man and woman who ____ the
TOEFL is supposed to get the score report in five weeks.参加托福考试的每个人都能在五个星期内收到成绩通知单。



Many a student and teacher _____
seen the film.不少老师和学生都看过这部影片。



(6) none(of+名词或代词)在正式文体中被看做单数,谓语动词用单数,但非正式文体中也可以用复数。



例如:None of us seem to have thought of it.我们中似乎没有人想到它。



“Is there any letter for me?”
“Sorry, there’s none.”“有我的信吗”?“对不起,没有。



None of the drivers has (have)
turned up.一个司机都没有来。



【探究提升】



. 谓语动词用复数



(1)and,
both...and连接的并列主语,或在both,(a)few, many, several等修饰语后面谓语动词通常用复数形式。



例如:Plastics and rubber never rot.塑料和橡胶永不生锈。



He and I _____classmates when we
were at college.他和我大学时曾是同班同学。



____ _____these novels _____
interesting.这两部小说都有意思。



Few people know it.几乎无人知道。



(2)集体名词people,
police, public, militia, cattle, class, youth等,常用复数形式的谓语动词。



例如:The Chinese people are brave and hardworking.中国人民是勤劳勇敢的。



Most police wear uniforms.绝大多数警察穿制服。



The cattle are grazing in the
sunshine.一群牛在阳光下吃草。



(3)当表示民族的词与冠词合用充当主语时,谓语动词用复数形式。



例如:The Japanese were once very aggressive.日本人曾是很具有侵略性的。



The English are more conservative
and less talkative than the Americans.英国人比美国人保守且不爱说话。



(4)某些形容词前面加定冠词表示一类人。作主语时,谓语动词用复数。



例如:The rich ____ not always selfish.富人不总是自私的。



The wounded are well treated here.伤员在这儿接受良好治疗。



The aged _____ from various
miseries in this country.老年人在这个国家承受各种悲惨遭遇。



(5)不可数名词作主语,其前有表示数量的复数名词修饰时,谓语动词用复数。



例如:Three million tons of coal were exported that
year.那年出口三百万吨煤。



Two million square meters of
housing were constructed in my hometown last year.我的家乡去年盖了二百万平方米的住宅。



主谓一致的几种特殊情况



1.就近原则。



有时谓语动词的人称和数与最近的主语保持一致,主要有以下两种情况:



(1)用连词either...or,
neither...nor, whether...or, not only...but(also),or等连接的并列主语,如果一个是单数,一个是复数,则谓语动词按就近一致原则,与最靠近它的主语一致。



例如:What he does or what he says does not concern
me.他做什么或是他说什么与我无关。



Either the boy or the girl knows
him well.不是这男孩就是那女孩了解他。



Neither money nor fame____ ______
on me. 钱和荣誉都不会让我动心。



Not only you but also he is wrong.你和他都错了。



(2)在倒装结构中,谓语动词往往和后面的第一个主语取得一致。



例如:Where is your mother and younger sisters?你的母亲和妹妹们在哪里?



____ ___a book, two pencils and
some buttons on the table.在桌子上,有一本书,两支铅笔和一些扣子。



2.集体名词作主语时,谓语动词的数取决于主语表示的意思和数,当表示整体时候,谓语动词就用单数,当强调集体中的个体时候,谓语动词就用复数。这些集体名词如:army, audience, band ,government
,group ,flock, police, public ,staff ,team ,troop. Crowd, firm, family 等等

例如:The family _____ the basic unit of
our society.家庭是社会的基本单元。



The family _____ watching TV.全家人正在看电视。



The committee meets twice a month.委员会一月开两次会。



The committee are divided in
opinion.委员会意见有分歧。



The audience _____ enormous.观众人很多。



The audience ______ greatly moved
at the words.听了这话听众都很感动。



3.一些表示数量的短语与名词连用时,谓语动词的数取决于名词的数。名词是复数,谓语动词用复数,反之就用单数。



这些短语有:a lot of(lots of),plenty of, a heap of (heaps
of),half of, two thirds of, ninety percent of, part of, rest of, some of, none
of等。



例如:Lots of damage _____ caused by the fire.火灾造成了很大的损失。



Two thirds of people present _____
women.在场三分之二的人是妇女。



40 percent of the students _____ from
the south of China.40%的学生来自中国的南方。



____ number of students _____
late.许多同学迟到了。



4.定语从句中关系代词做主语时,其谓语动词的数必须与其先行词一致。



例如:I, who ____ your friend, will try
my best to help you.
我作为你的朋友会尽力帮助你。来自辅导班定语从句专项练习题



Each of us who ____ his classmates
____ willing to help him.我们这些他的同班同学都乐意帮助他。



.5.某些固定结构中主语与谓语的数:

第一组: a great many + 可数名词复数 谓语用复数 a number of + 可数名词复数 谓语用复数 the majority of + 可数名词复数 谓语用复数

第二组; the number of + 可数名词复数 谓语用(   
注意:本知次考的考重点

第三组; more than one + 可数名词单数 谓语用单数 many a + 可数名词单数 谓语用单数

第四组; the greater part of a large proportion of 50% of one
third of plenty of the rest of 谓语的数与of
后面的名词一致

第五组; (n)either…(n)or…. not only….. but
also …… not …..but …… 谓语的数与主语的第二部分(即(n)or/ but also/ but引导的后面部分)一致. 注意比较:
More students than one ____been referred to . More than one student ____ going
to buy this book



【深度探究】



1.Mathematics
as well as physics always _ me a lot if
headaches.

A. has caused      B. are
causing      C. cause      D.
causes



2.Many a student _
the importance of learning a foreign language .

A. have realized   B. has realized      C. have
been realized   D. has been realized



3.It is futile to discuss the matter further
,because _ going to agree upon anything today.

A. neither you nor I
are               
B. neither you nor me is

C. neither you nor I
am                
D. neither me nor you are



4.Three weeks _ allowed for
making the necessary preparations.

A. was           B. were         
C. being            D. was
to be



5.Bread and butter _
liked by Westerners.

A. is            B. are          
C. were            
D. be

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