2013年高考英语——新课标全国卷Ⅰ

2013·新课标全国卷Ⅰ

　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　

第二部分　英语知识运用(共两节，满分45分)

第一节　单项填空(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分)

从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

例： We________ last night, but we went to the concert instead.

A．must have studied  B. might study

C. should have studied  D. would study

答案是C。

21．—Why, this is nothing but common vegetable soup!

—________，madam.  It's our soup of the day.

A. Let me see  B. So it is

C. Don't  mention it  D. Neither do I

21．B 　本题考查交际用语。let me see 让我想一想； so it is 它的确是；     don't mention it 不客气； neither do I 我也不。上下句中的soup提示，双方都在说同一个汤，显然答话人认同对方的说法，故选B。句意：——啊，这只不过是普通的蔬菜汤！——夫人，的确是。这是我们今天的特色汤。

22．] They might just have a place ________on the writing course—why don't you give it a try?

A. leave  B. left

C. leaving  D. to leave

22．B 　本题考查非谓语动词的用法。此处left作定语修饰a place。句意：他们可能还有个预留的学习写作课的机会，你为什么不试一试呢？

23． Try not to cough more than you can ________  since it may cause problems to your lungs.

A. check    B. allow

C. stop  D. help

23．D 　本题考查动词词义辨析。解题关键：考生需掌握短语more than one can help的意思 “尽量不，绝对不”，故正确答案是D。句意：尽量不要咳嗽，因为这会给你的肺带来问题。

24． If we    ________   now to protect the environment, we'll live to regret it.

A. hadn't acted  B. haven't acted

C. don't act  D. won't act

24．C 　本题考查动词时态。此处if引导一个真实条件句。在真实条件句中，谓语动词涉及将来动作时，要用一般现在时代替一般将来时，所以用一般现在时，故C正确。句意：如果我们现在不采取行动保护环境，我们会遗憾一辈子。

25． Tony can hardly boil an egg，still ________  cook dinner.

A.less  B．little

C．much  D．more

25．A 　本题考查副词用法。still less是固定短语，意思是“更不用说；何况”。句意：托尼几乎不会煮鸡蛋，更不用说做饭了。

26． Police have found    ________     appears to be the lost ancient statue.

A. which  B. where

C. how  D．what

26. D 　本题考查宾语从句的连接词。及物动词found后面显然是一个宾语从句，而从句中缺少主语，所以正确答案锁定连接代词which和what。其中，which引导宾语从句时，意思是“哪一个；哪一些”，用于要求某人在有限数量中指明某人或某事物；what引导宾语从句时，意思是“……的事物”。句中没有给出具体的数量，故选D。句意：警察已经找到了好像是失踪的古代雕像的东西。

27． When I first met Bryan I didn't like him, but I    ________    my mind.

A. have changed  B. change

C. had changed  D．would change

27．A 　本题考查动词的时态。题干中的but提示：“我”第一次见到布莱恩的时候不喜欢他，但现在喜欢他。故用现在完成时，选A。句意：当我第一次见到布莱恩的时候我不喜欢他，但我现在改变想法了。

28． The driver wanted to park his car near the roadside but was asked by the police    ________．

A.not to do  B. not to

C. not do  D. do not

28．B 　本题考查动词不定式的省略。根据句意可知，警察要求司机不要把车停在路边。“要求某人做某事”用ask sb to do sth；“被要求做某事”用be asked to do sth。 but后的完整表达应该是：The driver was asked by the police not to park his car near the roadside.为避免重复，题干中的空缺处是一个省略了的动词不定式。故选B。句意：司机想把车停在路边，但警察要求他不要这样做。

29． The door    ________ open, no matter how hard she pushed.

A. shouldn't  B. couldn't

C. wouldn't  D. mightn't

29. C 　本题考查情态动词的用法。此处would not用来表达：即使某人努力让某事发生，某事就是不发生。即为“偏不”的意思。故C正确。句意：无论她怎么用力推，门就是打不开。

30． At the last moment, Tom decided to    ________      a new character to make the story seem more likely.

A. put up  B. put in

C. put on  D. put off

30．B 　本题考查动词短语辨析。put up举起，张贴；put in 使……加入，使……进入；put on 穿上，上演；put off 推迟。句意：在最后一刻，汤姆决定添加一个新角色来使故事显得更加真实。根据题干中的more likely提示，汤姆决定“添加”一个角色，故B正确。

31． India attained    ________      independence in 1947, after      ________  long struggle.

A./; a  B. the;  a

C. an; /  D. an;  the

31．A 　本题考查冠词的用法。此处independence是不可数名词，因此和不定冠词连用。gain independence(获得独立)或declare independence(宣布独立)是固定短语，不和冠词连用，故第一个空不填任何冠词。第二空a long struggle意为：一场长期的斗争。故A正确。句意：印度在经过一段长期的斗争之后，在1947年获得独立。

32． There's no way of knowing why one man makes an important discovery    ________      another man, also intelligent, fails.

A. since  B．if

C. as  D. while

32. D 　本题考查并列连词的用法。句意：没办法知道为什么一个人有重大发现，而另外一个人虽然也很聪明，却没有(重大发现)。此处while是并列连词，表示转折和对比，意思是“然而”。根据句意选D。

33． “You can't judge a book by its cover，” ________．

A. as the saying goes old

B. goes as the old saying

C. as the old saying goes

D. goes as old the saying

33．C 　本题考查as引导的状语从句。此处as引导一个方式状语从句，意思是“如……一样”。句意：正如那句古老的谚语所说的那样，“人不可貌相。”根据句意选C。

34． It was a real race    ________  time to get the project done. Luckily, we made it.

A. over  B. by

C. for   D. against

34. D 　本题考查介词的用法。题干中的it显然是形式主语，真正的主语是不定式to get the project done。句意：完成这个项目真的是在和时间赛跑。幸运的是，我们赢了。

35． The sunlight is white and blinding,    ________    hard­edged shadows on the ground.

A. throwing 

B．being thrown

C．to throw 

D．to be thrown

35．A 　本题考查非谓语动词的用法。句子主语the sunlight和throw是主动关系，故用现在分词。此处是现在分词短语作结果状语，表示自然的结果。故选A。句意：阳光炽白炫目，在地上投下浓重的阴影。

第二节　完形填空(共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分)

阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

I went  to a group activity，“Sensitivity Sunday”，which was to make us more  __36__    the problems faced by disabled people. We were asked to “  __37__  a disability” for several hours one Sunday. Some members,  __38__，  chose to use wheelchairs. Others wore sound­blocking earplugs(耳塞)or blindfolds(眼罩)．

 Just sitting in the wheelchair was a   __39__  experience.I had never considered before how   __40__  it would be to use one. As soon as I sat down, my   __41__  made the chair begin to roll. Its wheels were not   __42__.   Then I wondered where to put my  __43__．It took me quite a while to get the metal footrest into  __44__. I took my first uneasy look at what was to be my only means of  __45__   for several hours. For disabled people，“adopting a wheelchair” is not a temporary(临时的)  __46__. 

 I tried to find a  __47__  position and thought it might be restful,  __48__  kind of nice, to be  __49__  around for a while. Looking around，I  __50__   I would have to handle the thing myself！My hands started to ache as I  __51__  the heavy metal wheels. I came to know that controlling the  __52__  of the wheelchair was not going to be a(n)  __53__  task.

 My wheelchair experiment was soon  __54__.  It made a deep impression on me. A few hours of “disability” gave me only a taste of the  __55__，both physical and mental，that disabled people must overcome.

36．A.curious about  B. interested in 

C. aware of  D. careful with 

37．A.cure  B．prevent        

C．adopt  D．analyze 

38．A.instead  B．strangely      

C．as usual  D．like me

39．A.learning  B．working        

C．satisfying  D．relaxing

40．A.convenient  B．awkward        

C．boring  D．exciting

41．A.height  B．force          

C．skill  D．weight

42．A.locked  B．repaired       

C．powered  D．grasped

43．A.hands  B．feet           

C．keys  D．handles

44．A.place  B．action         

C．play  D．effect

45．A.operation  B．communication 

C．transportation  D．production

46．A.exploration  B．education       

C．experiment  D．entertainment

47．A.flexible  B. safe           

C. starting  D. comfortable

48．A. yet  B. just           

C. still  D. even

49．A.shown  B. pushed        

C. driven  D. guided

50．A.realized  B. suggested      

C. agreed  D. admitted

51．A. lifted  B. turned        

C. pressed  D. seized

52．A. path  B. position        

C. direction  D. way

53．A. easy  B. heavy          

C. major  D. extra

54．A. forgotten  B. repeated        

C. conducted  D. finished

55．A. weaknesses  B. challenges       

C. anxieties  D. illnesses

【要点综述】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者参加了一次周日残疾体验活动，通过对自己几个小时使用轮椅的详细记述，说明了残疾人生活的不易。文章的最后给了我们这样的启示：残疾人必须克服心理和身体上的挑战。

36．C　考查形容词短语的含义。根据空白处后面的the problems faced by disabled people可知，活动的目的是为了“意识”到残疾人面临的问题。

37．C　考查动词词义辨析。根据下文“Some members…Others wore…”可知作者被要求“挑选”一种残疾，而不是“治愈、阻止或分析”。

38．D　考查语境理解。根据最后一段第一句中的“My wheelchair experiment…”可知，作者选择使用轮椅。有些人也“像我”一样选择了轮椅。

39．A　考查动词词义辨析。根据后句“I had never considered before how…”和这段最后一句的感慨可知，作者认为坐在轮椅上就是一次“学习”的经历，而不是工作经历或令人满意、令人放松的经历。

40．B　考查形容词词义辨析。根据第二段的描述可知，以前作者从未意识到使用轮椅有多么的“笨拙”。

41．D　考查名词词义辨析。状语从句部分“As soon as I sat down…”提示，轮子动起来发生的时间是当作者一坐下去的时候，显然能让轮子动起来的不可能是作者的身高或技巧，而是作者的体重。force也有“力”的意思，但表示可以做功的各种力，范围太大，所以最佳答案是D。

42．A　考查动词词义辨析。后句Then提示：本句是对上句轮子为什么会转动的解释，显然因为轮子未被锁住。

43．B　考查名词词义辨析。根据下文“费了好长时间我才让金属footrest (脚蹬)归位”可知，这时的作者不知道把自己的脚放在哪里，毕竟是健康人在模拟残疾人的生活。

44．A　考查名词词义辨析。put …into place有“把……归位”的意思。作者是健康人，他/她刚坐到轮椅上不会驾轻就熟，所以即便将脚蹬归位这样简单的动作，竟然用了很长时间。

45．C　考查名词词义辨析。作者参加的是使用轮椅几小时的体验活动，而轮椅是一种交通工具，故最佳答案是C。means of transportation 交通工具。

46．C　考查名词词义辨析。根据第一段可知，作者参加的是残疾体验活动，使用轮椅只不过是个实验，但对残疾人而言，使用轮椅可不只是个实验，而是一辈子的生活。

47．D　考查形容词词义辨析。作者努力要找一个舒服的姿势，从而被人推着四处走动是件让人放松的事，所以要找的不是“灵活的、安全的或开始的”的姿势。

48．D　考查副词词义辨析。相比空白处前面的restful，空白处后面的kind of nice显然递进了一步，所以最佳答案是even，意思是“甚至”。

49．B　考查动词词义辨析。作者坐着轮椅，自然希望被人推，而不是开车接送或引导，更不会是被人带领四处逛逛。

50．A　考查动词词义辨析。四下张望，“我”意识到只能自己搞定这件事。

51．B　考查动词词义辨析。上句中提到作者意识到没人帮忙推轮椅，只能自己搞定这件事。言外之意是，作者得让轮椅动起来。轮椅的轮子自然得转动，作者的手在轮椅转动起来的同时，开始疼，因为用手拨动轮椅才能转。

52．C　考查名词词义辨析。轮椅是一种交通工具，而交通工具最重要的是掌控方向，这是生活常识。所以，本题的正确答案是C。

53．A　考查形容词词义辨析。上句提到，拨动沉重的轮子的时候，作者的手开始疼。既然轮子重，手又疼，可推知拨动轮椅不是件容易的事。

54．D　考查动词词义辨析。本题出现在最后一段的第一句话，这段正是文章总结性的段落，作者要感慨残疾人的不易，自然要到体验结束，而不是体验被遗忘、重复或实施的时候。

55．B　考查名词词义辨析。A项意为“弱点”；B项意为“挑战”；C项意为“焦虑”；D项意为“疾病”。 “我”只是“品尝”了一下残疾人必须要克服的心理和身体上的挑战。

第三部分　阅读理解(共两节，满分40分)

第一节　(共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分)

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项。

A

Some  people will do just about anything to save money. And I am one of them.Take my family's last vacation.It was my six­year­old son's winter break from school，and we were heading home from Fort Lauderdale after a weeklong trip. The flight was overbooked，and Delta, the airline，offered us $400 per person in credits to give up our seats and leave the next day.I had meetings in New York，so I had to get back. But that didn't mean my husband and my son couldn't stay. I took my nine­month­old and  took off for home.

The next day, my husband and son were offered more credits to take an even later flight. Yes, I encouraged—okay, ordered—them to wait it out at the airport, to “earn” more Delta Dollars. Our total take: $1，600. Not bad, huh?

  Now some people may think I'm a bad mother and not such a great wife either. But as a big­time bargain hunter, I know the value of a dollar. And these days, a good deal is something few of us can afford to pass up.

 I've made a living looking for the best deals and exposing (揭露) the worst tricks.I have been the consumer reporter of NBC's Today show for over a decade. I have written a couple of books including one titled Tricks of the Trade: A Consumer Survival Guide. And I really do  what I believe in.

I tell you this because there is no shame in getting your money's  worth. I'm  also tightfisted when it comes to shoes, clothes for my children，and expensive restaurants.But I wouldn't hesitate to spend on a good haircut. It keeps its shape longer, and it's the first thing people notice. And I will also spend on a classic piece of furniture. Quality lasts.

56．Why did Delta give the author's family credits?

A. They took  a later flight.

B. They had early bookings.

C. Their flight had been delayed.

D. Their flight had been cancelled.

57．What can we learn about the author?

A. She rarely misses a good deal.

B. She seldom  makes a compromise.

C. She is very strict with her children.

D. She is interested in cheap products.

58．What does the author do?

A. She's a teacher.

B. She's a housewife.

C. She's a media person.

D. She's a businesswoman.

59．What does the author want to tell us?

A．How to expose bad tricks.

B. How to reserve airline seats.

C. How to spend money wisely.

D. How to make a business deal.

【要点综述】本文是一篇记叙文。作者通过一家人乘飞机返家过程中由于机票超额预定，从而推迟回家而得到航空公司的赔偿一事，引出在日常生活中如何利用一些机会合理地花钱，体现了一个女人在持家方面的睿智。

56．A　细节理解题。根据文章第一段中的“…Delta, the airline, offered us $400 per person in credits to give up our seats and leave the next day.”可知，他们是因为放弃了本航班的机票从而得到航空公司的赔偿，他们第二天离开。故选A。

57．A　推理判断题。根据文章第三段中的“…as a big­time bargain hunter…a good deal is something few of us can afford to pass up.”可以推知作者很少错过便宜货。故选A。

58．C　事实细节题。根据文章第四段中的“I have been the consumer reporter of NBC's Today show for over a decade.”可知，作者是个媒体记者。故选C。

59．C　主旨大意题。纵观全文，尤其是第一段和最后一段：第一段指出作者是省钱一族；最后一段描述了作者对不同产品的不同决策，指出对于质量高的产品也会毫不犹豫地买，说明了作者花钱的明智。故选C。

B

    The baby is just one day old and has not yet left hospital. She is quiet but alert(警觉). Twenty  centimeters from her face researchers have placed a white card with two black spots on it.She stares at it carefully. A researcher removes the card and replaces it by another, this time with the spots differently spaced. As the cards change from one to the other，her gaze(凝视) starts to lose its focus—until a third, with three black spots, is presented. Her gaze returns：she looks at it for twice as long as she did at the previous card. Can she tell that the number two is different from three, just 24 hours after coming into the world?

Or do newborns simply prefer more to fewer? The same experiment，but with three spots shown before two, shows the same return of interest when the number of spots changes.Perhaps it is just the newness? When slightly older babies were shown cards with pictures of objects(a comb，a key，an orange and so on)，changing the number of objects had an effect separate from changing the objects themselves.Could it be the pattern that two things make，as opposed to three? No again.Babies paid more attention to squares moving randomly on a screen when their number changed from two to three, or three to two. The effect even crosses between senses.Babies who were repeatedly shown two spots became more excited when they then heard three drumbeats than when they heard just two; likewise(同样地) when the researchers started with drumbeats and moved to spots.

60．The experiment described in Paragraph 1 is related to the baby's________．

A．sense of hearing

B．sense of sight

C．sense of touch

D．sense of smell

61．Babies are sensitive to the change in ________．

A．the size of cards

B．the colour of pictures

C．the shape of patterns

D．the number of objects

62．Why did the researchers test the babies with drumbeats?

A．To reduce the difficulty of the experiment.

B．To see how babies recognize sounds.

C．To carry their experiment further.

D．To keep the babies' interest.

63．Where does this text probably come from?

A．Science fiction.

B．Children's literature.

C．An advertisement.

D．A science report.

【要点综述】 本文是一篇说明文。通过变化纸上的黑点及鼓的敲打次数对婴儿的视觉、听觉进行实验。

60．B　推理判断题。根据文章第一段中的“She stares at it carefully.”可知，本段是对孩子的视觉进行实验。故选B。

61．D　事实细节题。根据文章第二段中的“Babies paid more attention to squares moving randomly on a screen when their number changed from two to three, or three to two.”可知D正确。

62．C　推理判断题。文章第一段描述对孩子的视力进行实验，接下来用鼓来对孩子的听力继续实验。所以选C。

63．D　推理判断题。纵观文章，这是一篇医学实验报告，所以选D。

C

It happened to me recently.I was telling someone how much I had enjoyed reading Barack Obama's Dreams From My Father and how it had changed my views of our President.A friend I was talking to agreed with me that it was，in his words，“a brilliantly(精彩地)written book”．However，he then went on to talk about Mr Obama in a way which suggested he had no idea of his background at all.I sensed that I was talking to a book liar.

And it seems that my friend is not the only one.Approximately two thirds of people have lied about reading a book which they haven't.In the World Book Day's “Report on Guilty Secrets”，Dreams From My Father is at number 9.The report lists ten books，and various authors，which people have lied about reading，and as I'm not one to lie too often (I'd hate to be caught out)，I'll admit here and now that I haven't read the entire top ten.But I am pleased to say that，unlike 42 percent of people，I have read the book at number one，George Orwell's 1984.I think it's really brilliant.

The World Book Day report also has some other interesting information in it.It says that many people lie about having read Jane Austen，Charles Dickens，Fyodor Dostoevsky(I haven't read him，but haven't lied about it either )and Herman Melville.

Asked why they lied，the most common reason was to“impress”someone they were speaking to.This could be tricky if the conversation became more in­depth!

But when asked which authors they actually enjoy，people named J．K.Rowling，John Grisham，Sophie Kinsella(ah，the big sellers，in other words)．Forty­two percent of people asked admitted they turned to the back of the book to read the end before finishing the story(I'll come clean：I do this and am astonished that 58 percent said they had never done so)．

64．How did the author find his friend a book liar?

A．By judging his manner of speaking.

B．By looking into his background.

C．By mentioning a famous name.

D．By discussing the book itself.

65．Which of the following is a “guilty secret” according to the World Book Day report?

A．Charles Dickens is very low on the top­ten list.

B．42% of people pretended to have read 1984.

C．The author admitted having read 9 books.

D．Dreams From My Father is hardly read.

66．By lying about reading，a person hopes to    ________．

A．control the conversation

B．appear knowledgeable

C．learn about the book

D．make more friends

67．What is the author's attitude to 58% of readers?

A．Favorable.

B．Uncaring.

C．Doubtful.

D．Friendly.

【要点综述】 本文是一篇议论文。作者通过与朋友聊天引出本文的话题book liar，列举了大家谎称读了实际未读的书目，以及大家喜欢的一些作家，并阐述了人们撒谎的常见理由。

64．D　细节理解题。根据文章第一段可知，作者跟他的朋友深谈有关奥巴马的那本书时，发现朋友对奥巴马的背景一无所知，这暗示出朋友其实并没有读过这本书。故选D。

65．B　推理判断题。本题的关键词是guilty secret，定位第二、三段。根据文章第二段中的“But I am pleased to say that, unlike 42 percent of people, I have read the book at number one, George Orwell's 1984.”可知，作者读过《1984》这本书，而42%的人没读过却装作读过。故选B。

66．B　细节理解题。根据文章第四段中的“Asked why they lied, the most common reason was to ‘impress’ someone they were speaking to.”可知，人们之所以选择撒谎是想让对方觉得自己知识渊博，从而给对方留一个好的印象。因此B正确。

67．C　推理判断题。文章第五段的最后一句话表明作者的态度，故选C。

D

The National Gallery

Description：

The National Gallery is the British national art museum built on the north side of Trafalgar Square in London. It houses a diverse collection of more than 2，300 examples of European art ranging from 13th­century religious paintings to more modern ones by Renoir and Van Gogh.The older collections of the gallery are reached through the main entrance while the more modern works in the East Wing are most easily reached from Trafalgar Square by a ground floor entrance.

Layout：

The modern Sainsbury Wing on the western side of the building houses 13th­ to 15th­century paintings，and artists include Duccio，Uccello，Van Eyck，Lippi，Mantegna，Botticelli and Memling.

The main West Wing houses 16th­century paintings，and artists include Leonardo da Vinci，Cranach，Michelangelo，Raphael，Bruegel，Bronzino，Titian and Veronese.

The North Wing houses 17th­century paintings，and artists include Caravaggio，Rubens，Poussin，Van Dyck，Velázquez，Claude and Vermeer.

The East Wing houses 18th­ to early 20th­century paintings，and artists include Canaletto，Goya，Turner，Constable，Renoir and Van Gogh.

Opening Hours：

The Gallery is open every day from 10 am to 6 pm(Fridays 10 am to 9 pm)and is free, but charges apply to some special exhibitions.

Getting There：

Nearest underground stations: Charing  Cross(2­minute walk), Leicester  Square(3­minute walk)，Embankment(7­minute walk)，and Piccadilly Circus(8­minute walk)．

68．In which century's collection can you see religious paintings?

A．The 13th.

B．The 17th.

C．The 18th.

D．The 20th.

69．Where are Leonardo da Vinci's works shown?

A．In the East Wing.

B．In the main West Wing.

C．In the Sainsbury Wing.

D．In the North Wing.

70．Which underground station is closest to the National Gallery?

A．Piccadilly Circus.

B．Leicester Square.

C．Embankment.

D．Charing Cross.

【要点综述】本文是一篇应用文。作者介绍了英国伦敦国家美术馆。分四大板块进行介绍：整体描述、布局、开放时间以及可以到达美术馆的地铁站。

68．A　细节判断题。根据文章第一段中的“It houses a diverse collection of more than 2，300 examples of European art ranging from 13th­century religious paintings to more modern ones by Renoir and Van Gogh.”可以断定宗教美术作品是13世纪的。故选A。

69．B　细节判断题。根据文章第三段中的“The main West Wing houses 16th­century paintings，and artists include Leonardo da Vinci…”可知B正确。

70．D　细节判断题。根据文章最后一段中的“Nearest underground stations: Charing Cross(2­minute walk), Leicester Square(3­minute walk), Embankment(7­minute walk)，and Piccadilly Circus(8­minute walk)．”可以断定Charing Cross是最近的。故选D。

第二节(共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分)

根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

Business is the organized approach to providing customers with the goods and services they want.The word business also refers to an organization that provides these goods and services.Most businesses seek to make a profit(利润)—that is, they aim to achieve income that is more than the costs of operating the business.   __71__   Commonly called nonprofits，these organizations are primarily nongovernmental service providers. __72__

    Business management is a term used to describe the techniques of planning, direction，and control of the operations of a business.__73__   One is the establishment (制定)of broad basic policies with respect to production;  sales;  the purchase of equipment, materials and supplies;  and accounting.  __74__  The third relates to the establishment of standards of work in all departments. Direction is concerned primarily with supervision(监管)and guidance by the management in authority.  __75__ 

A. Control includes the use of records and reports to compare actual work with the set standards for work.

B. In this connection there is the difference between top management and operative management.

C．Examples of nonprofit businesses include such organizations as social service agencies and many hospitals.

D. However, some businesses only seek to earn enough to cover their operating costs.

E. The second aspect relates to the application of these policies by departments.

F. In the theory of business management, organization has two main aspects.

G. Planning in business management has three main aspects.

【解析】

71．D　考查上下文的语境理解。根据后文“Commonly called nonprofits, these organizations are primarily nongovernmental service providers.”可知，这些公司被普遍认为是非营利组织。所以，上文应该与其内容一致。D项：然而，一些公司只挣足够的钱来满足基本的经营费用。这说明它们不赚钱。这与后文内容相符。此处However也是关键词，其前讲的是盈利活动，其后是非营利公司活动。

72．C　考查上下文的语境理解。前文提到非营利公司，下文举例说明哪些是非营利组织。

73．G　考查上下文的语境理解。第二段的第一句是总述，接下来从三个方面进行分述。

74．E　考查上下文的语境理解。根据上文“经营管理计划有三个方面” 可知，这里谈的是第二个方面。下文是The third…

75．A　考查上下文的语境理解。根据前文可知，三个方面已经讲了两个方面，接下来是第三个方面的内容。即对公司管理的整体控制。故选A。

第Ⅱ卷

第四部分　写作(共两节，满分35分)

第一节　短文改错(共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分)

   假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处，每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。

     增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。

     删除： 把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉。

     修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。

     注意：1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；

           2. 只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。

I hardly remember my grandmother.She used to holding me on her knees and sing old songs.I was only four when she passes away.She is just a distant memory for me now.

I remember my grandfather very much.He was tall，with broad shoulder and a beard that turned from black toward gray over the years.He had a deep voice，which set himself apart from others in our small town，he was strong and powerful.In a fact，he even scared my classmates away during they came over to play or do homework with me.However, he was the gentlest man I have never known.

【解析】

I hardly remember my grandmother.She used to holdinghold me on her knees and sing old songs.I was only four when she passespassed away.She is just a distant memory for me now.

I remember my grandfather very muchwell/clearly.He was tall，with broad shouldershoulders and a beard that turned from black towardto/into gray over the years.He had a deep voice，which set himselfhim apart from others in our small town, ∧and he was strong and powerful.In fact，he even scared my classmates away duringwhen they came over to play or do homework with me.However, he was the gentlest man I have neverever known.

1．holding改为hold  　考查不定式的用法。此处used to意为“过去常常”，to是不定式符号。故用动词原形。

2．passes改为passed  　考查动词时态。根据前面的“I was only four…”可知，用一般过去时。

3．much改为 well/clearly  　考查副词词义及用法。根据句意可知，我很清楚地记得我的爷爷。

4．shoulder改为shoulders  　考查名词单复数的用法。根据常理可知“人有两个肩膀”，所以用复数形式。

5．toward改为to/into 　考查介词的用法。根据句意可知，这里指黑胡子变成了花白胡子，所以用turn from…to/into…的形式。

6．himself改为him  　考查代词的用法。句意：他深沉的声音把他和别人区别开来。所以用him。

7．he前加and   　考查连词的用法。根据句中结构可知两个分句是并列关系，所以用and连接。

8．去掉fact前的a  　考查冠词的用法。根据固定短语in fact可知，去掉a。

9．during改为when  　考查状语从句的连接词。“…they came over to play or do homework with me.”是句子，所以，用连词when。during是介词，不能连接状语从句。

10．never改为 ever  　考查副词词义及语境理解。根据句意“他是我认识的最绅士的人”可知，将never改为ever。

第二节　书面表达(满分25分)

假定你是李华。请你给笔友Peter写封信，告诉他你叔叔李明将去他所在城市开会，带去他想要的那幅中国画，同时询问他是否可以接机。信中还需说明：

李明：高个子，戴眼镜

航班号：CA985

到达：8月6日上午11：30

注意：1. 词数100左右；

2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；

3. 开头语和结束语已为你写好。

Dear Peter,

How are you doing?

_________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________

Looking forward to your reply.

Yours，

Li Hua

 

【思路点拨】   写信是中学生最熟悉的事，这种形式的写作贴近学生生活，使他们有话可说。写作时应注意下面几点：

   (1)注意人称，应该用第一人称的形式给笔友Peter写信。

   (2)注意时态的正确使用：信中对将来事情(如叔叔开会、航班抵达等)的描述与写信人的请求应用一般将来时，叔叔李明的情况介绍用一般现在时。

   (3)要点全面、层次清楚、语言简练。

   (4)注意恰当使用连接词，使各个要点间逻辑连贯、行文通顺。

   (5)适当使用一些高级句型和词汇以提高作文档次。

One possible version：

Dear Peter，

How_are_you_doing?

 I'm writing to tell you that my uncle Li Ming is going to your city for a conference, and I've asked him to bring you the Chinese painting you've asked for before.

   Also, I'd like you to do me a favor.Would you please meet my uncle at the airport and take him to his hotel since this is his first visit to the US? Thank you in advance!

   His flight number is CA985, and it will arrive at 11：30 am, August 6.My uncle is tall and he is wearing glasses.And he will be in a blue jacket.

   Looking_forward_to_your_reply.

                                   Yours，

                                   Li Hua