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2013·浙江卷
第一部分：英语知识运用(共两节， 满分30分) 第一节：单项填空(共20小题；每小题0.5分， 满分10分) 从A、B、C和D四个选项中， 选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 1．— Hey, can I ask you a favor? —Sure，________ A. here you are. B. just as I thought. C. how is it going? D. what can I do for you? 1．D 考查情景交际。句意：——嘿，能帮个忙吗？——当然可以，怎么帮？ A项意为“给你”；B项意为“正如我想的一样”；C项意为“最近怎么样？事情进展得怎么样？”都与前面的请求帮助的要求不一致，所以这里选D项。 2． Mary worked here as a ________ secretary and ended up getting a fulltime job with the company. A. pessimistic C. previous 2．B 考查形容词辨析。句意：玛丽刚开始在公司是兼职秘书，但最终她在这里得到了全职工作。temporary符合语境，意为“临时的，临时性质的”。pessimistic意为“悲观的”；previous意为“先前的”；cautious意为“紧张的，谨慎的”，都不符合语境，故选B项。 3． I ________ myself more—it was a perfect day. A. shouldn't have enjoyed B. needn't have enjoyed C. wouldn't have enjoyed D. couldn't have enjoyed 3．D 考查情态动词。句意：我从没有玩得这么高兴过——真是完美的一天。此处是not与more连用，表示“非常地肯定”，相当于“最高级形式”，同时couldn't have done表示“过去本不可能做过某事，但实际上却做了”，是对过去情况的一种推测，故选D项。 4． As the world's population continues to grow, the ________ of food becomes more and more of a concern. A. worth C. package 4．B 考查名词辨析。句意：随着世界人口的不断增加，食品供应问题越来越受到人们的关注。the supply of food表示“食品供应”，符合句意。worth意为“价值”；package意为“包装”；list意为“单子，名册”。 5． The children, ________ had played the whole day long, were worn out. A. all of what C. all of them 5．D 考查定语从句。该句中的先行词是the children，此处先行词在定语从句中作主语，同时表示“人”，应该用关系代词whom，故选D项。 6． If we leave right away, ________ we'll arrive on time. A. hopefully C. occasionally 6．A 考查副词辨析。句意：如果我们马上出发的话，我们很有希望能准时到达。hopefully表示“有希望地”；curiously意为“好奇地”；occasionally意为“偶尔地”；gradually意为“逐渐地”。根据题意，选A项。 7． ________how others react to the book you have just read creates an added pleasure. A. Hearing C. Having heard 7．A 考查非谓语动词。在该句中，要注意区分现在分词和动名词的用法。根据句子结构知，此处creates前面的主语应该是“________how others react to the book you have just read”，其中“you have just read”是定语从句修饰the book，所以此处空格中应该用动名词形式，故选A项。 8． Eye doctors recommend that a child's first eye exam________ at the age of six months old. A. was C. were 8．B 考查虚拟语气。recommend作“建议”讲时，后面的宾语从句要用虚拟语气，即从句中谓语动词用should do，其中should可以省略，选B项。 9． When the group discussion is nearing its end, make sure to________ it with important points. A. conclude C. avoid 9．A 考查动词辨析。句意：当小组讨论将要结束的时候，要确保对讨论内容的要点进行总结。conclude表示“得出结论，做出总结”，符合题意，选A项。lead意为“导致”；avoid意为“避免”；hold意为“拿着，握着，容纳”，都与语境不符。 10． During the last three decades, the number of people participating in physical fitness programs ________ sharply. A．was increasing C．had increased 10．B 考查动词的时态。从句意“在过去的三十年中，参加健身锻炼的人数已经大大地增加了”知，increase的动作虽然发生在过去，但一直持续到现在，同时由during the last three decades可知，该空应该用现在完成时态，所以只有B项符合语境。 11． Half of ________ surveyed in 16 countries say they go first to their closest friend to share their deepest wishes and darkest fears. A．these C．ones 11．D 考查代词辨析。句意：在16个国家中的受访人当中有一半人说，在他们有最强烈的愿望和最恐惧的时候，他们首先想到他们最亲近的朋友。所以这里用those来指代提到的那些被调查的人。A项these意为“这些，这些(人)”；B项some意为“一些(人)”；C项ones表示“不带定冠词的名词复数形式”，都与语境不符，故选D项。 12． A good listener takes part in the conversation, ________ ideas and raising questions to keep the talk flowing. A. realizing C. offering 12．C 考查动词辨析。句意：善于倾听的人在谈话的时候，往往会提出自己的想法和问题，从而使得谈话能流畅地进行下去。offer表示“提供，提出”，符合题意。realize意为“意识到”；copy意为“复制”；misunderstand意为“误解”，都与语境不符。 13． The museum will open in the spring with an exhibition and a viewing platform ________ visitors can watch the big glasshouses being built. A. what C. when 13．B 考查定语从句。该句中的先行词是a viewing platform，此处先行词在定语从句中作地点状语，故用关系副词where，选B项。 14． It will be a big help if you go to the store and get what we need for dinner. ________， I'll set the table. A. As a result C. In the meanwhile 14．C 考查介词短语辨析。句意：如果你能去商店买些我们晚餐需要的东西，那就太好了。与此同时，我也会摆好餐具的。空格处表示“同时，与此同时”的含义，所以用in the meanwhile。as a result意为“结果是……”；on the whole意为“总体上”；as a matter of fact意为“事实上”，都与语境不符，所以选C项。 15． People develop ________ preference for a particular style of learning at ________ early age and these preferences affect learning. A. a; an C. /; the 15．A 考查冠词。第一空a preference表示“一种倾向性的喜好”，用不定冠词a表示“一个，一种”的概念，同时have/develop a preference for sth.也可以看作是固定词组，表示“对某物的偏好，喜爱”；而第二空at an early age是固定词组，意为“在幼年时期”， 也表示“一个，一种”的概念。故选A项。 16． The only way to succeed at the highest level is to have total belief ________ you are better than anyone else on the sports field. A. how C. which 16．B 考查同位语从句。此处是由that引导的同位语从句，指代belief的具体内容，同时从句中不缺少成分，所以用that引导，这里选B项。 17． Bears ________ fat stores throughout the summer and fall to have energy enough to last them through their winter sleep. A. pack up C. bring up 17．B 考查动词短语辨析。句意：熊在整个夏季和秋季积累脂肪，以便在冬天冬眠的时候有足够的能量。build up意为“积聚，积累”，符合句意。pack up意为“打包整理”；bring up意为“抚养长大”；take up则意为“从事，占据”，都与语境不符，所以选B项。 18． If what your friend comes up with surprises you, don't reject it immediately. ________，imagine that it is true. A. Thus C. Rather 18．C 考查副词辨析。句意：如果你朋友的想法让你感到吃惊，不要一下子就拒绝接受，相反地，就想象一下当它是真的吧。rather在这里的词义相对比较特殊，意为“相反地，反之”，符合题意。thus意为“由此，因此”；besides意为“除……之外(还)”；otherwise意为“否则”，都不符合题意，所以选C项。 19． There are some health problems that, when ________ in time, can become bigger ones later on. A. not treated C. not to be treated 19．A 考查非谓语动词。在该句中，逻辑主语是some health problems，与 treat之间构成被动关系，所以用过去分词，when not treated in time是when they are not treated in time 的省略，选A项。B、C和D项虽然也都表示被动，但B项强调正在进行的动作；C项强调将来的动作；D项则强调已经完成的动作，故都排除。 20．—Excuse me, but could I trouble you for some change? —________. Will pennies do? A. I know C. I am sure 20．D 考查情景交际。句意：——对不起，能换点零钱吗？——我看一下，换成便士可以吗？此处let me see表示“让我看一看”，而其他选项都与上下文不一致，所以选D项。 第二节：完形填空(共20小题；每小题1, 满分20分) 阅读下面短文， 掌握其大意， 然后从21～40各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中， 选出最佳选项。 Last spring, I was fortunate to be chosen to participate in an exchange study program. In my application letter, I was careful to __21__ how much I wanted to see France; evidently, my excitement really came through in my words. Once I __22__ that I was going, all I could think about was the fun of foreign travel and making all sorts of new and __23__ friends. While traveling was inspiring and meeting people was __24__，nothing about my term in France was what I __25__. The moment I arrived in Paris, I was __26__ by a nice French couple who would become my host parents. My entire experience was joyous and exciting __27__ I received some shocking news from my program coordinator (协调人)：there had been a death in my host parents' extended family. They had to travel outside France for several weeks. That afternoon, I had to __28__ out of one family's house and into another. The exchange coordinator told me I'd have a __29__ this time and asked whether I could share a bedroom with an English speaker. To avoid the temptation (诱惑) to __30__ my native language, I asked not to be __31__ with an Englishspeaking roommate. When I got to my new room, I __32__ myself to my new roommate Paolo, a Brazilian(巴西人) the same age as I, whom I was surprised to find playing one of my favorite CDs! In just a few hours, we knew we'd be good friends for the rest of the __33__. I left France with many __34__，so when people ask me what my favorite part of the trip was, they are always __35__ to hear me talk about my Brazilian friend Paolo and the scores of weekdays in class, weeknights on the town, and weekends __36__ France we enjoyed together. I love how people __37__ seem so different, but end up being so __38__. 21．A. discuss C. announce 22．A. approved C. warned 23．A. stubborn C. universal 24．A. boring C. exciting 25．A. expected C. doubted 26．A. sponsored C. greeted 27．A. until C. since 28．A. move C. walk 29．A. housekeeper C. roommate 30．A. learn C. speak 31．A. combined C. involved 32．A. added C. devoted 33．A. term C. month 34．A. presents C. stories 35．A. surprised C. embarrassed 36．A. analyzing C. describing 37．A.need C．must 38．A.generous C．similar 39．A.and C．or 40．A.instructions C．facts 【要点综述】本文是一篇记叙文。常言说“友谊之花无国界”，在文章中，作者介绍了自己作为交换生去法国学习的经历。在法国求学期间，他碰到了一位来自巴西的同龄人，也是室友，他们结下了深厚的友谊。回国后，作者感慨万分，友谊并不会因为肤色和语言而褪色，相反，友谊之花可以绽放全球。 21．B 考查动词词义辨析及语境理解。我在申请信中认真地表达了(express)我非常想去法国的想法。discuss意为“讨论”；announce意为“宣布”；argue意为“争辩，辩论”，都与语境不符。 22．B 考查动词词义辨析及语境理解。当我得知我真要去(法国)的时候，我想到的都是快乐……，此处用know意为“知道，了解到”。approve意为“赞同”；warn意为“警告”；deny意为“否定”，都不符合题意。 23．D 考查形容词词义辨析及语境理解。从语境和上文的fun可知，我想象的就是交到一些新朋友，一些有意思的朋友，故用interesting“有趣的，有意思的”。stubborn意为“固执的”；anxious意为“焦虑的”；universal意为“普遍的”，都不符合语境。 24．C 考查形容词词义辨析。从inspiring可以推知，这是非常令人兴奋的事情，故用exciting。boring意为“乏味的”；upsetting意为“令人情绪低落的”；promising意为“有前途的”，都不符合语境。 25．A 考查动词词义辨析及语境理解。从下文知，此处表示“我所预料到的”，故用expect。 26．C 考查动词词义辨析及语境理解。我到达巴黎的时候，有一对当地的夫妻来接我，他们是接待我的“法国家庭”。greet“欢迎，接待”，符合语境。sponsor意为“主办，赞助”；witness意为“见证，目击”；support意为“支持”，都不符合语境，故选C项。 27．A 考查连词词义辨析及语境理解。上文提到joyous and exciting，而下文提到…a death…，由此可知此处意为“直到……”，有转折意味，故用until。 28．A 考查动词词义辨析及语境理解。从上下文知，由于原先的接待家庭出现了变故，所以我将不得不换一户居住，故用move意为“搬迁，搬家”。travel意为“旅游”；walk意为“走路”；rush意为“跑，冲”，都与语境不符，故选A项。 29．C 考查名词词义辨析及语境理解。从下文share a bedroom推知，我现在将会有一个室友和我一起住，所以选C项roommate。 30．C 考查动词词义辨析及语境理解。从全文知，作者是来自英语国家的交换生，所以如果跟也来自英语国家的学生同住的话，则很有可能都会讲英语，所以用speak，意为“讲(某种语言)”。 31．D 考查动词词义辨析。结合30题可知，我要求不要把我和也是讲英语的学生放在(place)一起，据此选D项。combine意为“结合”；fit意为“适合”；involve意为“卷入”，都不符合语境。 32．B 考查动词词义辨析及语境理解。从下文知，我是跟一位巴西学生住在一起，所以我先要做自我介绍，故用introduced。 33．A 考查名词词义辨析。从25空前面的term并结合语境知，我们相信在这个学期(term)剩下的日子里我们将成为好朋友，答案选A项。 34．C 考查名词词义辨析及语境理解。从下文知，我带着很多故事(story)回到了英国。 35．A 考查动词词义辨析。我谈到我的巴西朋友的时候，人们都感到很吃惊，故用surprised。 36．B 考查动词词义辨析及语境理解。从上下文知，我们一起去探索(explore)法国……analyze意为“分析”；describe意为“描述”；investigate意为“调查”，都不符合语境。 37．D 考查情态动词。此处考查can表示可能性，所以根据语境选D项。 38．C 考查形容词词义辨析及语境理解。从前文的different知，虽然人们看起来是多么地不同，但最终却又如此地相似(similar)，故选C项。 39．B 考查连词词义辨析。根据上下文，这里表示转折关系，是not just…but…“不是……而是……”的结构，所以选B项。 40．B 考查名词词义辨析及语境理解。根据上文可知，作者最终获得了珍贵的友谊，这也是他所认为的交换生生涯中最宝贵的经验和财富，所以选B。 第二部分：阅读理解(第一节20小题， 第二节5小题；每小题2分，满分50分) 第一节：阅读下列材料， 从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项。 A No one knows for sure when advertising first started. It is possible that it grew out of the discovery that some people did certain kinds of work better than others did them. That led to the concept of specialization, which means that people would specialize, or focus, on doing one specific job. Let's take a man we'll call Mr. Fielder, for example. He did everything connected with farming. He planted seeds, tended the fields, and harvested and sold his crops. At the same time, he did many other jobs on the farm. However, he didn't make the bricks for his house, cut his trees into boards, make the plows(犁), or any of the other hundreds of things a farm needs. Instead, he got them from people who specialized in doing each of those things. Suppose there was another man we shall call Mr. Plowright. Using what he knew about farming and working with iron, Mr. Plowright invented a plow that made farming easier. Mr. Plowright did not really like farming himself and wanted to specialize in making really good plows. Perhaps, he thought, other farmers will trade what they grow for one of my plows. How did Mr. Plowright let people know what he was doing? Why, he advertised, of course. First he opened a shop and then he put up a sign outside the shop to attract customers. That sign may have been no more than a plow carved into a piece of wood and a simple arrow pointing to the shop door. It was probably all the information people needed to find Mr. Plowright and his really good plows. Many historians believe that the first outdoor signs were used about five thousand years ago. Even before most people could read, they understood such signs. Shopkeepers would carve into stone, clay, or wood symbols for the products they had for sale. A medium, in advertising talk, is the way you communicate your message. You might say that the first medium used in advertising was signs with symbols. The second medium was audio, or sound, although that term is not used exactly in the way we use it today. Originally, just the human voice and maybe some kind of simple instrument, such as a bell, were used to get people's attention. A crier, in the historical sense, is not someone who weeps easily. It is someone, probably a man, with a voice loud enough to be heard over the other noises of a city. In ancient Egypt, shopkeepers might hire such a person to spread the news about their products. Often this earliest form of advertising involved a newly arrived ship loaded with goods. Perhaps the crier described the goods, explained where they came from, and praised their quality. His job was, in other words, not too different from a TV or radio commercial in today's world. 41．What probably led to the start of advertising? 42．To advertise his plows, Mr. Plowright ________. 43．The writer makes up the two stories of Mr. Fielder and Mr. Plowright in order to________. 44．In ancient Egypt, a crier was probably someone who ________. A. owned a ship B. had the loudest voice C. ran a shop selling goods to farmers D. functioned like today's TV or radio commercial 45．The last two paragraphs are mainly about________. A. the history of advertising B. the benefits of advertising C. the early forms of advertising D. the basic design of advertising 【要点综述】什么是广告，广告的目的是什么？它最早是怎么开始的呢？在文章中作者将会告诉我们一些有关广告历史的故事。让我们读文章去了解一下吧。 41．B 考查细节理解。从文章第一段“No one knows for sure…That led to the concept of specialization…”可知劳动的专业化导致广告的开始，故答案应该选B项。 42．B 考查细节理解。从文章第四段“…and then he put up a sign outside the shop to attract customers.”可知，他放了一块标牌在外面以吸引顾客，所以选B项。 43．A 考查推理判断。从第五段“Many historians believe that the first outdoor signs were used five thousand years ago. Even before most people could read, they understood such signs. Shopkeepers would carve into stone, clay, or wood symbols for the products they had for sale.”知，作者通过上面列举的两个例子，阐述广告最有可能的起源，所以答案选A项。 44．D 考查推理判断。从全文最后一段“A crier, in the historical sense…in other words, not too different from a TV or radio commercial in today's world.”知，古代的crier如同现代社会电视和广播中的商业代言人，所以选D项。 45．C 考查段落大意。从“A medium, in advertising talk, is the way you communicate your message.”和“A crier, in the historical sense, is not someone who weeps easily…”知，最后两段主要讨论了古代商业广告的模式，所以选C项。 B Below is a selection from a popular science book. If blood is red, why are veins(静脉) blue? Actually, veins are not blue at all. They are more of a clear, yellowish colour. Although blood looks red when it's outside the body, when it's sitting in a vein near the surface of the skin, it's more of a dark reddish purple colour. At the right depth, these bloodfilled veins reflect less red light than the surrounding skin, making them look blue by comparison. Which works harder, your heart or your brain? That kind of depends on whether you're busy thinking or busy exercising. Your heart works up to three times harder during exercise, and shifts enough blood over a lifetime to fill a supertanker. But, in the long run, your brain probably tips it, because even when you're sitting still your brain is using twice as much energy as your heart, and it takes four to five times as much blood to feed it. Why do teeth fall out, and why don't they grow back in grownups? Baby(or“milk”) teeth do not last long; they fall out to make room for bigger, stronger adult teeth later on. Adult teeth fall out when they become damaged, decayed and infected by bacteria. Once this second set of teeth has grown in, you're done. When they're gone, they're gone. This is because nature figures you're set for life, and what controls regrowth of your teeth switches off. Do old people shrink as they age? Yes and no. Many people do get shorter as they age. But, when they do, it isn't because they're shrinking all over. They simply lose height as their spine(脊柱) becomes shorter and more curved due to disuse and the effects of gravity(重力). Many(but not all) men and women do lose height as they get older. Men lose an average of 34 cm in height as they age, while women may lose 5 cm or more. If you live to be 200 years old, would you keep shrinking till you were, like 60 cm tall, like a little boy again? No, because old people don't really shrink! It is not that they are growing backwards—their legs, arms and backbones getting shorter. When they do get shorter, it's because the spine has shortened a little. Or, more often, become more bent and curved. Why does spinning make you dizzy(眩晕的)? Because your brain gets confused between what you're seeing and what you're feeling. The brain senses that you're spinning using special gravityandmotionsensing organs in your inner ear, which work together with your eyes to keep your vision and balance stable. But when you suddenly stop spinning the system goes out of control, and your brain thinks you're moving while you're not! Where do feelings and emotions come from? Mostly from an ancient part of the brain called the limbic system. All mammals have this brain area—from mice to dogs, cats, and humans. So all mammals feel basic emotions like fear, pain and pleasure. But since human feelings also involve other, newer bits of the brain, we feel more complex emotions than any other animal on the planet. If exercise wears you out, how can it be good for you? Because our bodies adapt to everything we do to them. And as far as your body is concerned, it's “use it, or lose it”！ It's not that exercise makes you healthy; it's more that a lack of exercise leaves your body weak and easily affected by disease. 46. What is the colour of blood in a vein near the surface of the skin? A. Blue. C. Red. 47．Why do some old people look a little shrunken as they age? A. Because their spine is in active use. B. Because they are more easily affected by gravity. C. Because they keep growing backwards. D. Because their spine becomes more bent. 48．Which of the following statements about our brain is true? A. In the long run, our brain probably works harder than our heart. B. When our brain senses the spinning, we will feel dizzy. C. The brains of the other mammals are as complex as those of humans. D. Our feelings and emotions come from the most developed area in our brain. 49．What is the main purpose of the selection? A. To give advice on how to stay healthy. B. To provide information about our body. C. To challenge new findings in medical research. D. To report the latest discoveries in medical science. 【要点综述】 本文是一篇常见的应用文，主要向读者介绍了与我们人体相关的一些知识和信息。 46．D 考查细节理解。从第一则中的“…it's more of a dark reddish purple colour.”可知，血液应该是深紫红色，所以答案选D项。 47．D 考查细节理解。从第四则中的“They simply lose height as their spine(脊柱) becomes shorter and more curved due to disuse…”可知，由于脊柱的弯曲，所以导致老年人看起来有点矮了，所以答案选D项。 48．A 考查细节理解。从第二则中的“But, in the long run, your brain probably tips it, because even when you're sitting still your brain is using twice as much energy as your heart, and it takes four to five times as much blood to feed it.”可知，脑子要比心脏更努力、更辛苦，所以答案选A项。 49．B 考查写作意图。从全文知，这是一篇医学科技类的文章，主要介绍了与我们人体相关的一些知识，所以B项能很好地概括全文。 C The baby monkey is much more developed at birth than the human baby. Almost from the moment it is born, the baby monkey can move around and hold tightly to its mother. During the first few days of its life the baby will approach and hold onto almost any large, warm, and soft object in its environment, particularly if that object also gives it milk. After a week or so, however, the baby monkey begins to avoid newcomers and focuses its attentions on “mother”—the real mother or the mothersubstitute (母亲替代物). During the first two weeks of its life warmth is perhaps the most important psychological (心理的) thing that a monkey mother has to give to its baby. The Harlows, a couple who are both psychologists, discovered this fact by offering baby monkeys a choice of two types of mothersubstitutes—one covered with cloth and one made of bare wire. If the two artificial mothers were both the same temperature, the little monkeys always preferred the cloth mother. However, if the wire model was heated, while the cloth model was cool, for the first two weeks after birth the baby monkeys picked the warm wire mothersubstitutes as their favorites. Thereafter they switched and spent most of their time on the more comfortable cloth mother. Why is cloth preferable to bare wire? Something that the Harlows called contact(接触) comfort seems to be the answer, and a most powerful influence it is. Baby monkeys spend much of their time rubbing against their mothers' skins, putting themselves in as close contact with the parent as they can. Whenever the young animal is frightened, disturbed, or annoyed, it typically rushes to its mother and rubs itself against her body. Wire doesn't “rub” as well as does soft cloth. Prolonged (长时间的) “contact comfort” with a cloth mother appears to give the babies confidence and is much more rewarding to them than is either warmth or milk. According to the Harlows, the basic quality of a baby's love for its mother is trust. If the baby is put into an unfamiliar playroom without its mother, the baby ignores the toys no matter how interesting they might be. It screams in terror and curls up into a furry little ball. If its cloth mother is now introduced into the playroom, the baby rushes to it and holds onto it for dear life. After a few minutes of contact comfort, it obviously begins to feel more secure. It then climbs down from the mothersubstitute and begins to explore the toys, but often rushes back for a deep embrace (拥抱) as if to make sure that its mother is still there and that all is well. Bit by bit its fears of the new environment are gone and it spends more and more time playing with the toys and less and less time holding onto its “mother”. 50．Psychologically, what does the baby monkey desire most during the first two weeks of its life? A. Warmth. C. Contact. 51．After the first two weeks of their life, baby monkeys prefer the cloth mother to the wire mother because the former is ________. A. larger in size B. closer to them C. less frightening and less disturbing D. more comfortable to rub against 52．What does the baby monkey probably gain from prolonged “contact comfort”？ A. Attention. C. Confidence. 53．It can be inferred that when the baby monkey feels secure, ________. A. it frequently rushes back for a deep embrace when exploring the toys B. it spends more time screaming to get rewards C. it is less attracted to the toys though they are interesting D. it cares less about whether its mother is still around 54．The main purpose of the passage is to ________. A. give the reasons for the experiment B. present the findings of the experiment C. introduce the method of the experiment D. describe the process of the experiment 【要点综述】 这是一篇说明文。作者主要向读者阐述了一个关于幼猴的实验发现。 50．A 考查细节理解。从文章第一段“During the first few days of its life…onto almost any large, warm, and soft object…”可知，幼猴刚出生最需要的是温暖，所以选A项。 51．D 考查推理判断。从第三段“Why is cloth preferable to bare wire？…Baby monkeys spent much of their time rubbing against their mothers' skins…”推知，幼猴选择“布妈妈”，而不是“线妈妈”的原因在于相对于“线妈妈”而言，“布妈妈”皮肤接触起来更舒服，可能也更暖和，故选D项。 52．C 考查细节理解。从第三段“Prolonged (长时间的)‘contact comfort’ with a cloth mother appears to give the babies confidence and …”可知，长时间地与“布妈妈”接触，增加了幼猴的自信心，因此C项是最佳答案。 53．D 考查推理判断。从最后一段“If its cloth mother is now introduced…it obviously begins to feel more secure.It then climbs down from…and less and less time holding onto its ‘mother’．”推知，当幼猴看到“布妈妈”后，它会觉得有安全感，从而在行为上会放松起来，从而越来越喜欢玩玩具，而减少与“母亲”接触的时间，所以D项正确。 54．B 考查写作意图。文章主要介绍了一个关于幼猴的实验结果，因此作者在文章中是要呈现这个结果给读者，所以B项为最佳答案。 D In 1974, after filling out fifty applications, going through four interviews, and winning one offer, I took what I could get—a teaching job at what I considered a distant wild area: western New Jersey. My characteristic optimism was alive only when I reminded myself that I would be doing what I had wanted to do since I was fourteen—teaching English. School started, but I felt more and more as if I were in a foreign country. Was this rural area really New Jersey? My students took a week off when hunting season began. I was told they were also frequently absent in late October to help their fathers make hay on the farms. I was a young woman from New York City, who thought that “Make hay while the sun shines” just meant to have a good time. But, still, I was teaching English. I worked hard, taking time off only to eat and sleep. And then there was my sixthgrade class—seventeen boys and five girls who were only six years younger than me. I had a problem long before I knew it. I was struggling in my work as a young idealistic teacher. I wanted to make literature come alive and to promote a love of the written word. The students wanted to throw spitballs and whisper dirty words in the back of the room. In college I had been taught that a successful educator should ignore bad behavior. So I did, confident that, as the textbook had said, the bad behavior would disappear as I gave my students positive attention. It sounds reasonable, but the text evidently ignored the fact that humans, particularly teenagers, rarely seem reasonable. By the time my boss, who was also my taskmaster, known to be the strictest, most demanding, most quick to fire inexperienced teachers, came into the classroom to observe me, the students exhibited very little good behavior to praise. My boss sat in the back of the room. The boys in the class were making animal noises, hitting each other while the girls filed their nails or read magazines. I just pretended it all wasn't happening, and went on lecturing and tried to ask some inspiring questions. My boss, sitting in the back of the room, seemed to be growing bigger and bigger. After twenty minutes he left, silently. Visions of unemployment marched before my eyes. I felt mildly victorious that I got through the rest of class without crying, but at my next free period I had to face him. I wondered if he would let me finish out the day. I walked to his office, took a deep breath, and opened the door. He was sitting in his chair, and he looked at me long and hard. I said nothing. All I could think of was that I was not an English teacher; I had been lying to myself, pretending that everything was fine. When he spoke, he said simply, without accusation, “You had nothing to say to them.” “You had nothing to say to them，” he repeated. “No wonder they're bored. Why not get to the meat of the literature and stop talking about symbolism. Talk with them, not at them. And more important, why do you ignore their bad behavior？” We talked. He named my problems and offered solutions. We roleplayed. He was the bad student, and I was the forceful, yet, warm, teacher. As the year progressed, we spent many hours discussing literature and ideas about human beings and their motivations. He helped me identify my weaknesses and my strengths. In short, he made a teacher of me by teaching me the reality of Emerson's words: “The secret to education lies in respecting the pupil.” Fifteen years later I still drive that same winding road to the same school. Thanks to the help I received that difficult first year, the school is my home now. 55．It can be inferred from the story that in 1974 ________. A. the writer became an optimistic person B. the writer was very happy about her new job C. it was rather difficult to get a job in the USA D. it was easy to get a teaching job in New Jersey 56．According to the passage, which of the following is most probably the writer's problem as a new teacher? A. She had blind trust in what she learnt at college. B. She didn't ask experienced teachers for advice. C. She took too much time off to eat and sleep. D. She didn't like teaching English literature. 57．What is the writer's biggest worry after her taskmaster's observation of her class? A. She might lose her teaching job. B. She might lose her students' respect. C. She couldn't teach the same class any more. D. She couldn't ignore her students' bad behavior any more. 58．Which of the following gives the writer a sense of mild victory? A. Her talk about symbolism sounded convincing. B. Her students behaved a little better than usual. C. She managed to finish the class without crying. D. She was invited for a talk by her boss after class. 59．The students behaved badly in the writer's classes because ________. A. they were eager to embarrass her B. she didn't really understand them C. they didn't regard her as a good teacher D. she didn't have a good command of English 60．The taskmaster's attitude towards the writer after his observation of her class can be best described as ________． A. cruel but encouraging B. fierce but forgiving C. sincere and supportive D. angry and aggressive 【要点综述】这是一篇感人的文章，作者历经千辛万苦获得了一份教师的工作，但由于初为人师，教条主义和理想化成了她教学的最大问题。有一天老板来听课，却看到作者对学生恶劣的行为置之不理，所以只听了二十分钟便离开了，作者感觉自己可能要失去教学的工作。她虽然没有在课堂上哭泣而坚持讲完了剩下的课，但毫无疑问，这仍然是一堂失败的课。终于，老板告诉她问题的症结所在——没有真正了解学生。 55．C 考查推理判断。从全文第一段提到的“In 1974, after filling out fifty applications，…”推知，在1974年要想在美国得到一份工作是非常艰难的事情，所以答案选C项。 56．A 考查推理判断。从文章第三段的“I was struggling in my work as a young idealistic teacher.”和第四段中的“In college I had been taught…but the text evidently ignored the fact…”推知，作为一位新老师，作者过于理想化和教条主义，所学知识和现实之间有很大的差异，这是作者的问题所在，由此可知A项为最佳答案。 57．A 考查推理判断。从文章第五段“Visions of unemployment marched before my eyes.”可以推断出，当老板坐在课堂上听课，而我却对学生束手无策时，一种要丢掉工作饭碗的预感深深困扰着我，由此答案选A项。 58．C 考查细节理解。从第六段“I felt mildly victorious that I got through the rest of class without crying…”可知，令作者还有些成就感的是她终于顺利地上完了课，而且也没有哭，答案选C项。 59．B 考查推理判断。从文章倒数第三段“You had nothing to say to them…”推断知，老板认为作者没有真正地对学生发问，也就是说作者没有真正地了解学生，走近学生，所以学生们在她的课堂中表现很差，答案选B项。 60．C 考查观点态度。从倒数第三段中“He named my problems and offered solutions.”知，作者的老板对作者非常友善，他指出了作者的不足并积极提供解决方法，由此可知他是一个很真诚并且给予帮助的人，故答案C项最佳。 第二节：下面文章中有5个段落需要添加首句(第61～65题)。请从以下选项(A、B、C、D、E和F)中选出适合各段落的首句。选项中有一项是多余选项。 A. Time can run out. B. Tomorrow won't be better. C. Ideas need time to develop. D. Your professor will be impatient. E．You blow off your chances for help. F．You're probably overestimating (高估) the pain. Never Put off Until Tomorrow What You Can Do Today Want to put off studying for the physics test? Or writing that thirtyfivepage research paper on future uses of biotechnology? Sure you do? And who wouldn't? But it's still a silly idea to put off doing something until a future time. Here's why… 61．________ The task will be still the same. It won't be any more fun and you still won't want to do it. As the deadline gets closer and closer, the task seems to become larger and larger if you haven't started the work. And the stress increases. Now not only do you have to write that paper, you have to do it under great pressure. 62．________ Before you start, it seems that the task is unlikely to be accomplished. But you know what? You're probably miscalculating. Get started—maybe on a small piece—and you'll discover that you have more resources and know more about the subject than you thought. Result? You won't experience nearly as much suffering as you expected to. Things are guaranteed—100 percent—to get better. 63．________ If you leave your work until the night before it's due, you give up the possibility of getting input from your professor. Professors regularly give advice—or at least a few useful tips—during office hours. Unfortunately, though, they don't usually hold office hours at midnight, so you'll be out of luck when you discover the night before the midterm that you have no idea how to do the questions that will count for twothirds of your grade. 64．________ Ever wonder why the professor assigns the paper two weeks before it's due? It's because he or she expects you to be thinking about the issue, or doing the research, for two weeks. No, not every waking moment, but at least some of the time. After all, the professor could just as easily have given the assignment one week before it was due if he or she expected less thinking. Most college papers require you to have some kind of idea, then to spend some time thinking about it, revising it, and polishing it. When you throw together a paper or a report at the last minute, your ideas are halfbaked. And your professor will know it. 65．________ If you put things off till the last minute, you might find that you haven't budgeted enough minutes to finish the necessary tasks. It's the easiest thing in the world to miscalculate how long it'll take to do all the work especially when new issues arise—like illness, family problems, computer breakdowns, trouble at work, and all the other things—as you're thinking through your paper argument or preparing yourself for the coming test. If you keep delaying, you don't allow yourself time for those various life events that have an adverse (不利的) effect on your ability to complete your assignment. 61．B 考查段落主题句。由第二段“The task will be still the same.”及本段后面的内容可知本段讲述了一个事实“明天不一定会更好”。 62．F 考查段落主题句。从该段“You won't experience nearly as much suffering as you expected to.”可知，该段主要讲述“你可能高估了痛苦的力量”。 63．E 考查段落主题句。根据段落中“…you'll be out of luck when…”可以推知，该段主要讲述了“得到帮助的机会可能会丧失”。 64．C 考查段落主题句。根据“No, not every waking moment, but at least some of the time.”以及“your ideas are halfbaked”可知，该段主要讲述“有时候想法和见解是需要时间去培养和发展的”。 65．A 考查段落主题句。根据段落中“If you put things off till the last minute…”和“…you don't allow yourself time for those…”可知，本段主要讲述要珍惜时间，因为“时间会流逝”。 第三部分：写作(共两节， 满分40分) 第一节：短文改错(共10小题；每小题1分， 满分10分) 下面短文中有10处语言错误。请在有错误的地方增加、删除或修改某个单词。 增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧), 并在其下面写上该加的词。 删除：把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉。 修改：在错的词下划一横线， 并在该词下面写上修改后的词。 注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词； 2．只允许修改10处， 多者(从第11处起)不计分。 Dear Diary， Here I am in the middle of a city, 350 miles far away from our farmhouse. Do you want to know why we move last week? Dad lost his job, and as Mom explained, “He was lucky to find other one.” His new job meant I had to say goodbye to my classmate, my school or just everything else I love in the world. To make matters bad, now I have to share a room with my younger sister, Maggie. Tomorrow is first day of school. I am awfully tiring, but I know I'll never fall sleep. Good night and remember, you, dear diary, is my only souvenir from my past life and my only friend. Yours， Rosemary Dear Diary， Here I am in the middle of a city, 350 miles away from our farmhouse. Do you want to know why we movemoved last week? Dad lost his job, and as Mom explained, “He was lucky to find otheranother one.” His new job meant I had to say goodbye to my classmateclassmates, my school orand just everything else I love in the world. To make matters badworse, now I have to share a room with my younger sister, Maggie. Tomorrow is ∧the/my first day of school. I am awfully tiringtired, but I know I'll never fall sleepasleep. Good night and remember, you, dear diary, isare my only souvenir from my past life and my only friend. Yours， Rosemary 1．去掉far。考查副词。far前有具体的数字350 miles，所以要去掉far。350 miles away from表示“离……有350英里”。 2．move改为moved。考查动词的时态。从last week知，此处为一般过去时态。 3．other改为another。考查代词。another表示三者或三者以上中的一个，而other则只表示两者之一，这里范围不确定，故用another。 4．classmate改为classmates。考查名词的数。同学有很多，所以用复数形式。 5．or改为and。考查连词。根据语境，此处表示递进关系，故用and。 6．bad改为worse。考查形容词。to make matters worse是固定词组，表示“更糟糕的是”。 7．is后添加the/my。考查冠词或代词。first day前面要有限定词，所以用the或者my。 8．tiring改为tired。考查形容词。以ed结尾的形容词多用来修饰人，以ing结尾的形容词多用来修饰事或物，因为主语为“I”，故用tired。 9．sleep改为asleep。fall asleep是固定词组，表示“入睡”。 10．is改为are。考查主谓一致。主语是you，所以谓语动词用are。 第二节：书面表达(满分30分) 请以“One Thing I'm Proud of”为题， 用英语写一篇100—120个词的短文，记述一件你自己认为得意的事情。要求如下： 1. 记述事情经过； 2. 简要说明你感到得意的原因或从中得到的启示。 注意：文章的标题已给出(不计词数)。 One Thing I'm Proud of ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ 【思路点拨】 从文章体裁分析，这是较典型的开放式记叙文写作，主要让考生就one thing I'm proud of展开叙述，同时写出自豪的原因和启示。考生要根据自己的经历，先要详细叙述事情，然后补充一定的自我剖析以及对此的看法和评述等。文章可以从三方面来写：第一部分简要叙述自豪的事情；第二部分重点讲述事件的经过，可以按照事件发展的顺序写；第三部分则要说明自豪的理由。在写作过程中，要注意好词好句的运用，可以使用remember, One possible version： One Thing I'm Proud of I still remember how I became a good table tennis player. The first day I went to high school, I saw some of my classmates playing table tennis. Amazed at how skilful they were, I was determined to be just as good. Later on, I often watched them carefully to learn their techniques. Then I kept practising until I became confident enough to challenge the good players. At the end of the term I became one of the best players in my class. I am really proud of this experience, because it helps me realize that we all can fulfil our potential and achieve our goals through hard work. It also helps me better understand the proverb “Practice makes perfect.” |
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来自： tonyflora > 《2015年真题及解析》
