2014年高考英语——湖北卷

第二部分：词汇知识运用（共两节，满分30分）
第一节：多项选择（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）
从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。学科网
 例：To make members of a team perform better, the trainer first of all has to know
their _____ and weaknesses．
A. strengths      B. benefits    C. techniques    D. values
 答案：A

21. Her ______ for writing was a desire for women to get the right to higher education.
A. motivation B. qualification C. talent D. technique
22. When Richard said, “You are much more agreeable and prettier now,” Joan’s face turned red at the unexpected ______.
A. command       B. comparison C. compliment    D. contribution
23. Seeing the big crowd coming towards him, he started to run down the hill, but ______ and went down on his hands and knees in the melting snow.
A. slipped         B. skied       C. signalled        D. sank
24. The old rules have to be ______ because they only applied to the circumstances that existed when they were made a hundred years ago.
A. developed       B. established      C. observed       D. revised
25. I’ve been trying to phone Charles all evening, but there must be something wrong with the network; I can’t seem to ______.
A. get through      B. get off         C. get in      D. get along
26. Is this your necklace, Mary? I ______ it when I was cleaning the bathroom this morning.
A. came across     B. dealt with       C. looked after      D. went for
27. What was so ______ about Jasmine Westland’s victory was that she came first in the marathon bare-footed.
A. awful          B. essential   C. impressive D. obvious
28. Instead of blaming the child who had broken the vase, she gave him a ______ smile and let him go.
A. cautious B. grateful        C. tolerant D. wild
29. Hardly had Sabrina finished her words when Albert said ______, “Don’t be so mean,” pointing a finger of warning at her.
A. dreadfully       B. guiltily      C. indirectly     D. sharply
30. Check carrots, potatoes, onions and any other vegetables ______ and immediately use or throw away any which show signs of rotting.
A. in demand       B. in store      C. on loan         D. on sale

第二节：完形填空（共20小题；每小题1分，满分20分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。学科网

When our restaurant business failed, we headed north in a camping truck to Texas, hoping to have a “fresh start”.
At the   31   of Palo Duro Canyon (峡谷) State Park, I   32   a job advertisement hiring park hosts. The position offered a   33  , permanent campsite in the park, and   34  , the hosts served as a link between the park’s guests and the rangers (护林人). It was the perfect solution: a rent-free place to reorganize our lives. We entered the park and I made an   35   for the following day.
The park was   36  , so it took us some time to find an available site. That evening, as we finished our dinner, my wife saw two large skunks (臭鼬) walking toward our table. We   37   climbed onto the table and, for the next four hours, waited for them to   38   our camp.
Having survived that night, we were   39   that everything else would be all right. The next day we met with the people who ran the park. They explained our
  40   and gave us a beautiful campsite.
That evening,   41  , we learned about the canyon   42  . They were strong and cold, rocking our little camping truck violently, and we lay   43   in the dark until the winds died away.
  44   the weeks that followed, we learned to survive in our truck and   45 
the little money my wife   46   by substitute teaching. Building a successful business and then losing it had left very little time for building a successful   47  . For a time after our business   48   I thought I might lose my family as well.
Living in the tiny   49   with no television, we sat close together reading and talking. One evening, standing under a jeweled sky, I found myself   50   for all the hardships. We had walked the trails and climbed the canyon walls. We had become a family!
31. A. back          B. edge      C. centre          D. entrance
32. A. sponsored     B. published   C. noticed        D. answered
33. A. safe          B. free       C. convenient      D. beautiful
34. A. in return       B. in time     C. in short         D. in turn
35. A. attempt     B. agreement      C. appeal       D. appointment
36. A. crowded       B. dangerous    C. ideal          D. quiet
37. A. repeatedly      B. immediately   C. eventually    D. calmly
38. A. attack         B. leave      C. pass          D. search
39. A. satisfied      B. determined      C. confident     D. aware
40. A. responsibilities   B. requirements   C. circumstances  D. conditions
41. A. moreover      B. therefore    C. meanwhile    D. however
42. A. winds          B. snows       C. woods         D. trails
43. A. shaking        B. quarrelling       C. mourning      D. aching
44. A. After        B. Between        C. During      D. Beyond
45. A. give away        B. hand out      C. live on      D. put aside
46. A. borrowed        B. earned      C. posted         D. raised
47. A. business        B. career        C. family       D. image
48. A. started         B. failed        C. expanded      D. declined
49. A. truck          B. park          C. house         D. camp
50. A. desperate       B. ready           C. suitable        D. thankful

第三部分：阅读理解（共20小题；每小题2分，满分40分）
阅读下列短文，从每篇短文后各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
Before I had my son, I spent two years working with children with disabilities. I learned that shouting and threats of punishment would result in a disaster. Coming up against their behaviour could only make the job harder and their behaviour more extreme. I found something that worked, though.
There was a very naughty boy in the nursery and a teacher who was generally very confident with the children was asked to take charge of him. One day the boy joined a session in the room next to mine. His appearance created an atmosphere of tension. He spent the entire session running around, hitting and kicking, and destroying property.
I was in the craft room working with some other children when my co-worker told me that this boy’s teacher was in tears, and could not get control of the situation. As we were talking, the boy ran in. I told my co-worker that I would take care of him.
I closed the door. He was full of energy, throwing things around and making a huge mess. But I could see that he was doing all these to annoy me. He needed connection, and this was the only way he knew how to ask for it. So I sat back down and kept quiet. Then he slowed down and began making a rocket. I talked to him about it. We continued like this for a few minutes before I slipped into the conversation:
“So what happened today?”
It was purely a question, no blame or anger in my tone. I believe that if I had criticized him, the gate that was slowly opening would have shut firmly closed. He told me that the teacher didn’t let him do what he knew well due to safety but asked him to do what he disliked. He also admitted that he had enjoyed making her run around and saw it as a game. I explained that his teacher had not seen it as a game and was very upset. This again was stated simply as a fact. I suggested that next time he had a session, he talk about what he hoped to do at the start, which might be easier for everyone. He agreed and was quiet for a moment. Then he looked at me with tears in his eyes before quietly asking if he could go to find his teacher to apologize.

51. The boy made trouble for his teacher because he ______.
A. was accused of destroying property
B. was told not to yell at other children
C. was made to do things against his will
D. was blamed for creating an air of tension
52. Why didn’t the author do anything about the boy’s bad behavior at first?
A. She didn’t want to make it worse.
B. She didn’t mind the huge mess at all.
C. She was tired of shouting and threats.
D. She hadn’t thought of a coping strategy.
53. The author managed to get the boy to talk to her by ______.
A. playing games with him
B. giving him a good suggestion
C. describing his teacher’s feelings
D. avoiding making critical remarks
54. Why did the boy have tears in his eyes in the end?
A. He was sorry about his reputation.
B. He was regretful about his behavior.
C. He was fearful of the author’s warning.
D. He was sad for the author’s misunderstanding.
B
London’s newest skyscraper (摩天大楼) is called the Shard and it cost about 430 million pounds to build. At a height of almost 310 metres, it is the tallest building in Europe. The Shard has completely changed the appearance of London. However, not everyone thinks that it is a change for the better.
The Shard was designed by the famous Italian architect Renzo Piano. When he began designing the Shard for London, Piano wanted a very tall building that looked like a spire (尖顶). He wanted the glass surfaces to reflect the sky and the city. The sides of the building aren’t regular. So the building has an unusual shape. It looks like a very thin, sharp piece of broken glass. And that is how the building got the name: the Shard. Piano says that the spire shape of the Shard is part of a great London tradition. The shape reminds him of the spires of the churches of London or the tall masts (桅杆) of the ships that were once on the river Thames.
The Shard has 87 floors. At the top, there is an observatory. At the moment the building is empty, but eventually there will be a five-star hotel. There will also be top quality restaurants, apartments and offices.
Before building work began, a lot of people didn’t want the Shard though the plans were approved. Now they are still unhappy about the Shard. Some critics say that such a tall skyscraper might be good in a city like New York, but not in London. They say that the best thing about the Shard is its spire shape. But that is the only thing. There is no decoration, only flat surfaces. The Egyptians did that 4,500 years ago. They also think the Shard is too big for London. It destroys the beauty of the city.
Other critics don’t like what the Shard seems to represent. They say that the Shard shows how London is becoming more unequal. Only very rich people can afford to buy the expensive private apartments and stay in the hotel. But the people who live near the Shard are among the poorest in London. So the Shard seems a symbol of the division in society between the very rich and the poor.
The Shard now dominates the London skyline. It is not certain, however, that ordinary London citizens will ever accept it as a valuable addition to the city.
55. London’s newest skyscraper is called the Shard because of ______.
A. its cost
B. its size
C. its shape
D. its height
56. When he designed the Shard, Piano wanted it to ______.
A. change London’s skyline
B. inherit London’s tradition
C. imitate the Egyptian style
D. attract potential visitors
57. The critics who refer to social division think the Shard ______.
A. is only preferred by the rich
B. is intended for wealthy people
C. is far away from the poor area
D. is popular only with Londoners
58. Which would be the best title for the passage?
A. The Shard: Cheers and Claps
B. The Shard: Work of a Great Architect
C. The Shard: New Symbol of London?
D. The Shard: A Change for the Better?
C
Working with a group of baboons (狒狒) in the Namibian desert, Dr. Alecia Carter of the Department of Zoology, Cambridge University set baboons learning tasks involving a novel food and a familiar food hidden in a box. Some baboons were given the chance to watch another baboon who already knew how to solve the task, while others had to learn for themselves. To work out how brave or anxious the baboons were, Dr. Carter presented them either with a novel food or a threat in the form of a model of a poisonous snake.
She found that personality had a major impact on learning. The braver baboons learnt, but the shy ones did not learn the task although they watched the baboon perform the task of finding the novel food just as long as the brave ones did. In effect, despite being made aware of what to do, they were still too shy to do what the experienced baboon did.
The same held true for anxious baboons compared with calm ones. The anxious individuals learnt the task by observing others while those who were relaxed did not, even though they spent more time watching.
This mismatch between collecting social information and using it shows that personality plays a key role in social learning in animals, something that has previously been ignored in studies on how animals learn to do things. The findings are significant because they suggest that animals may perform poorly in cognitive (认知的) tasks not because they aren’t clever enough to solve them, but because they are too shy or nervous to use the social information.
The findings may impact how we understand the formation of culture in societies through social learning. If some individuals are unable to get information from others because they don’t associate with the knowledgeable individuals, or they are too shy to use the information once they have it, information may not travel between all group members, preventing the formation of a culture based on social learning.

59. What is the first paragraph mainly about?  
A. The design of Dr. Carter’s research.
B. The results of Dr. Carter’s research.
C. The purpose of Dr. Carter’s research.
D. The significance of Dr. Carter’s research.
60. According to the research, which baboons are more likely to complete a new learning task?
A. Those that have more experience.
B. Those that can avoid potential risks.
C. Those that like to work independently.
D. Those that feel anxious about learning.
61. Which best illustrates the “mismatch” mentioned in Paragraph 4?
A. Some baboons are intelligent but slow in learning.
B. Some baboons are shy but active in social activities.
C. Some baboons observe others but don’t follow them.
D. Some baboons perform new tasks but don’t concentrate.
62. Dr. Carter’s findings indicate that our culture might be formed through ______.
A. storing information
B. learning from each other
C. understanding different people
D. travelling between social groups

D
You’ve flown halfway around the world; you’ve sniffed out this place that nobody in Falongland or Thailand seems to have ever heard of; so what on earth is there to do here? You consider this question as you sink into an old wooden beach chair that holds you above the sand.
It was a long journey from Bangkok to Huaplee. By the time you found the bus station and got yourself sorted out, it took almost as long as the flight from Falongland.
Huaplee is located just south of Hua Hin, about two hundred kilometres from Bangkok, down the west side of the Gulf of Thailand. Not many tourists find this place, and the ones that do wonder if finding it has been their purpose all along.
There’s an apparent laziness that surrounds you here. It’s what this place offers, and it’s free of charge. The small waves that tap the shoreline seem to slow everything down. You settle into your beach chair in preparation for a long rest. You sit there and watch the sea.
It’s early afternoon, so the cook comes out and asks what you’d like to eat this evening. Before long he’s rushed off to the market to buy the ingredients for whatever it was that you ordered—every meal fresh and to order. No menu here.
There is no poolside noise here but just that wonderfully warm, clear blue sea. There’s no street noise. The only sounds are the murmurs of nature.
For now you just count your blessings (福祉), listing them in the sand with your toe (脚趾). You don’t have to worry about being late for work. You don’t have to do anything.
The beach to your right stretches off to the horizon (地平线), slowly narrowing to nothingness only to re-emerge again on your left, now steadily widening until it covers the chair beneath you. Sand to your left and sand to your right; it’s unbroken, endless. No start, no end, just sand, sun, and peace. Step off it, and you re-enter the world of traffic, stress, work, and hurry.
Normally you’re the type who can’t sit still for more than ten minutes, but you’re on Huaplee Lazy Beach now and, in the right frame of mind, it stretches all the way around the world.
“How could it take me so long to find it?” you wonder.

63. When the author first went to Huaplee Beach, ______.
A. he found it unworthwhile
B. he failed to sort himself out
C. he became sensitive to smell
D. he had difficulty in finding it
64. What is special about the food service at Huaplee Beach?
   A. No menu.
   B. Free food.
   C. Self service.
   D. Quick delivery.
65. In the author’s opinion, a tourist can enjoy Huaplee Beach most when he ______.
A. sits in a beach chair
B. forgets his daily routine
C. plans a detailed schedule
D. draws pictures in the sand
66. What does the author imply by his question at the end of the passage?
A. He shouldn’t have counted his blessings.
B. He should have understood the wonder of nature.
C. He shouldn’t have spent so much time on the trip.
D. He should have come to the place earlier.

E
For most city people, the elevator is an unremarkable machine that inspires none of the enthusiasm or interest that Americans afford trains, jets, and even bicycles. Dr. Christopher Wilk is a member of a small group of elevator experts who consider this a misunderstanding. Without the elevator, they point out, there could be no downtown skyscrapers or tall buildings, and city life as we know it would be impossible. In that sense, they argue, the elevator’s role in American history has been no less significant than that of cars. In fact, according to Wilk, the car and the elevator have been locked in a “secret war” for over a century, with cars making it possible for people to spread horizontally (水平地), and elevators pushing them toward life in close groups of towering vertical (垂直的) columns.
If we tend to ignore the significance of elevators, it might be because riding in them tends to be such a brief, boring, and even awkward experience—one that can involve unexpectedly meeting people with whom we have nothing in common, and an unpleasant awareness of the fact that we’re hanging from a cable in a long passage.
In a new book, Lifted, German journalist and cultural studies professor Andreas Bernard directed all his attention to this experience, studying the origins of elevator and its relationship to humankind and finding that riding in an elevator has never been a totally comfortable experience. “After 150 years, we are still not used to it,” Bernard said. “We still have not exactly learned to cope with the mixture of closeness and displeasure.” That mixture, according to Bernard, sets the elevator ride apart from just about every other situation we find ourselves in as we go about our lives.
    Today, as the world’s urban population explodes, and cities become more crowded, taller, and more crowded, America’s total number of elevators—900,000 at last count, according to Elevator World magazine’s “2012 Vertical Transportation Industry”—are a force that’s becoming more important than ever. And for the people who really, really love them, it seems like high time that we looked seriously at just what kind of force they are.

67. What does the underlined word “this” in Paragraph 1 refer to?
A. The general view of elevators.
B. The particular interests of experts.
C. The desire for a remarkable machine.
D. The enthusiasm for transport vehicles.
68. The author’s purpose in mentioning cars is ______.
   A. to contrast their functions with elevators’
   B. to emphasize the importance of elevators
C. to reveal their secret war against elevators
D. to explain people’s preference for elevators
69. According to Prof. Bernard, what has made the elevator ride different from other life experiences?
A. Vertical direction.
B. Lack of excitement.
C. Little physical space.
D. Uncomfortable conditions.
70. The author urges readers to consider ______.
A. the exact number of elevator lovers
B. the serious future situation of elevators
C. the role of elevators in city development
D. the relationship between cars and elevators
第四部分：书面表达（共两节，满分50分）
第一节：完成句子（共10小题；每小题2分，满分20分）
阅读下列各小题，根据汉语提示，用句末括号内的英语单词完成句子，并将答案写在答题卡上的相应题号后。
例：______ was that the young player performed extremely well in the table tennis 
tournament. (delight)
    令球迷欣喜的是那位年轻的球员在乒乓球锦标赛中表现得极为出色。
答案：What delighted the fans/made the fans delighted

71. The community college has to cut down on staff ______. (save)
为了省钱，那所社区学院只好裁员。
72. So far the well-known journalist ______ more than 4,000 interviews with famous people. (accumulate)
迄今为止这位著名记者采访名人已累积达四千余人次。
73. Sometimes ______ to use examples to explain abstract concepts. (helpful)
有时候举例也许有助于解释抽象的概念。
74. The police will reward ______ useful information to catch the robber. (provide)
任何人提供有用信息帮助抓住劫匪，警方将予以奖励。
75. He’s the only student in the class ______ to take part in the Model United Nations conference. (select)
他是班上唯一被选上去参加模拟联合国大会的同学。
76. No other technological development has had ______ as the growth of electronics on so many aspects of social, economic, and cultural development. (impact)
没有哪项技术的发展像电子技术这样，对我们的社会、经济以及文化等诸多方面产生过如此重要的影响。
77. You ______ the meeting to tell me that; you could have come to tell me afterwards. (interrupt)
你不该打断会议来告诉我那件事，你本可以会后告诉我。
78. This novel was once the ______ book in high schools in the United States. (read)
这部小说曾经是美国高中阅读最广泛的书。
79. The Public Square is an eye-catching sight of the city. ______ many stone sculptures of famous historical figures. (stand)
大众广场是这个城市引人注目的景点，许多历史名人的石雕像矗立在那儿。
80. It was several minutes ______ what he was saying. (take)
过了好几分钟，我才理解他说的是什么。

第二节：短文写作（共1题；满分30分）
请根据以下提示，并结合具体事例，用英语写一篇短文。

Small things make a big difference. The small things we do can make us a responsible member of the society.

注意：①无须写标题；
②除诗歌外，文体不限；
③内容必须结合你生活中的具体事例；
④文中不得透露个人姓名和学校名称；
⑤词数不少于120，如引用提示语则不计入总词数。
 
绝密★启用前
2014年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（湖北卷）
英语试题答案
第一部分：听力（每小题1.5分，满分30分）
1. C    2. C    3. B    4. B    5. A    6. A    7. A    8. C    9. B   10. C
11. A   12. B   13. C   14. C   15. C   16. B   17. B   18. A   19. A   20. B
第二部分：词汇知识运用
第一节：多项选择（每小题1分，满分10分）
21. A   22. C   23. A   24. D   25. A   26. A   27. C   28. C   29. D   30. B
第二节：完形填空（每小题1分，满分20分）
31. D   32. C   33. B   34. A   35. D   36. A   37. B   38. B   39. C   40. A
41. D   42. A   43. A   44. C   45. C   46. B   47. C   48. B   49. A   50. D
第三部分：阅读理解（每小题2分，满分40分）
A篇：51. C   52. A   53. D   54. B     B篇：55. C   56. B   57. B   58. D
C篇：59. A   60. D   61. C   62. B     D篇：63. D   64. A   65. B   66. D
E篇：67. A   68. B   69. C   70. C
第四部分：书面表达
第一节：完成句子（每小题2分，满分20分）
71. (in order) to save money
so as to save money
72. has accumulated
73. it might/may be helpful
74. whoever provides/has provided
75. that has been selected
76. such a great impact
as great an impact
77. shouldn’t have interrupted
oughtn’t to have interrupted
78. most widely read
79. There stand
80. before I could take in
before I took in
第二节：短文写作（满分30分）
One Possible Version
It isn’t hard to grow up into a responsible member of society.
I can well remember an incident that happened on a rainy Sunday afternoon. I was on my way to the bookstore and was waiting for the green light at a crossing when a girl of about ten was knocked down by a passing car, which drove off quickly. A man immediately rushed to the girl to give her first aid and I joined in without hesitation. Luckily she was not badly injured and we sent her to the nearest hospital. Compared with the escaped driver, I am proud of what I did.
As a member of the society, I am aware that being responsible is what it takes to make a better society.

【语篇解读】
　　本篇完形填空是一篇夹叙夹议的文章，讲述了一个家庭生意失败之后重新开
　　始的故事。文章通过这个故事阐明一个道理：我们在追寻事业成功的时候，
　　可能会失去家庭，因此我们要学会兼顾我们的事业和家庭。
　　[31]. 考查名词。从后文We entered the park 可知，应该是在公园门口（entrance)，故选B。
　　[32]. 考查动词。从前文when our restaurant business failed和hoping to have a “fresh start”可知，作者是在寻找工作，注意到一个招聘广告，符合语境，故选noticed。
　　[33]. 考查名词。后文提到a rent-free place，可知campsite是免费的（free)，故选free。
　　[34]. 考查介词短语。A项in return 作为回报；B项in turn反过来，反之；C项缩短；D项及时。根据填空处前文句可知要取得这个工作，需要做公园主持人来作为回报，故选in turn.
　　[35]. 考查名词。A. attempt 尝试；B. appeal 吸引；C. agreement同意，协议；D. appointment约定，预约。前文知道作者看到招聘广告，明天预约（make an appointment)应聘，符合语境，应选appointment。
　　[36]. 考查形容词。A.quiet安静的； B.ideal 理想的；C.crowded 拥挤的；D.dangerous; 根据后文so it took us some time to find an available site,可知人多很难找住的位置，所以选crowded.
　　[37]. 考查副词。文中提到two large skunks（臭鼬）,所以马上躲避。故选immediately。
　　[38]. 考查动词。由上文立即躲避臭鼬，可知他们很希望它尽快离开，故选leave。
　　[39]. 考查形容词。由前文having survived that night,可知他们对于后面的时间有了自信，故选confident。
　　[40]. 考查名词。由前文I made an appointment for the following day和 the next day we met with the people who ran the park. 可知他们去应聘了，管理人员告诉他们职位的职责，符合语境，故选responsibilities.
　　[41]. 考查连词。由前文everything else would be all right和后文rocking our little camping truck violently...until the winds died away可知，前后情况是一种相反的场景，故选转折连词however.
　　[42]. 考查了名词。由后文They were strong and cold, rocking our little camping truck violently...until the winds died away, 可知是wind(复现)，故选winds.
　　[43]. 考查动词。由前文rocking our little camping truck violently可知卡车（truck） 在摇动(shake），故选shaking.
　　[44]. 考查介词。A. after 在......之后; B.beyond 超越......范围；C.during 在......期间；D.Between在两者之间，应该是指后续的几周期间，故选during。
　　[45]. 考查动词短语。A. live on 靠...生活; 以...为食; B.hand out 分发；give away 捐赠，泄露；put aside 存储，留出，搁置
　　[46]. 考查动词。根据上文，生意失败，所以作者的妻子要靠教书来挣钱， 故选earned。
　　[47]. 考查名词。根据后文I might lose my family as well 和building a successful business and then losing it 看出作者留给家的时间很少，复现，故选family。
　　[48]. 考查动词。根据文章第一段第一句when our restaurant business failed 可知，填failed, 复现。
　　[49]. 考查名词。由文章第五段our little camping truck，可知填truck, tiny是small的同义替换，考查复现。
　　[50]. 考查形容词。由前文可知作者找到工作和后文we had become a family可知，作者工作、家庭都有收获，所以作者感激，故选thankful.