英语句子的被动语态

句子的被动语态

 

He wrote the letter.

The letter was written by him.

(被动语态) 划分句子成分

 

They are building a house now.

A house is being built (by them) now.

(被动语态)

 

英语句子有主动语态和被动语态两种。

主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者；

被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。

 I saw him taken to the hospital.（此句不是被动语态句子，但含有被动关系）

被动语态的句子是由:

“be +及物动词过去分词(done)”构成

 

※ 所有被动语态的句子理论上都可以还原成一个“主谓宾”结构的句子。

 

被动语态常用在以下三种情况：

 1). 不知道谁是动作执行者

  eg: His bike has been stolen.

 2). 没必要指出谁是动作的执行者

  eg: I was told you were late this morning.

 3). 需要强调突出动作的承受者时

 eg: The final decision has been made.

 

 

被动语态可用于不同时态当中，只需变化”be”的形式（其规则和be一样），过去分词(done)部分不变。疑问和否定也与be一样。

一般现在时被动: I am (not) told …

一般过去时被动: I was (not) told…

一般将来时被动: I will(not) be told…

现在进行时被动: I am(not) being told...

过去进行时被动: I was(not) being told…

现在完成时被动: I have (not)been told…

过去完成时被动: I had(not)been told …

一般现在时被动: am/is/are +done

一般过去时被动: was/were+ done

一般将来时被动: shall/will+ be done

现在进行时被动:am/is/are+being done

过去进行时被动:      was/were+being done

现在完成时被动: have/has+been told

过去完成时被动: had +been done

l   情态动词+ be+ done

 

They treat him well.

He is treated well (by them.)

 

People make history.

History is made by the people.

 

They are building a new railway now.

A new railway being built now.

 

They were building a new railway at this time last year.

A new railway was being built at this time last year.

 

Tom gave Mary a pen yesterday.

Mary was given a pen yesterday.

 

My teacher asked me to do the job.

I was asked to do the job (by my teacher).

 

The film made me cry.

 

He left the door open last night.

The door was left open last night.

 

I will not allow you to do so.

You will not be allowed to do so

 

The fact leaves Tom worried.

 

被动语态的常见考点和难点：

1. 被动语态与不同时态的结合

2. 一些动词短语，固定搭配也可以变为被动句，其实质不变。

eg: The teacher was listened to carefully.

   The Premier is highly thought of by the people.

※We should make good use of our time.

Our time should be made good use of.

Good use should be made /of our time.

3. 复合宾语结构的主动变被动

  make/see/hear … sb do

Sb is/was made/seen/heard to do.

 

4. 在有一些句子结构中，用主动的形式来表达被动的意思。

  The book sells well.

  This kind of cloth washes very well.

  The door opens easily.

 

※S +be +adj +to do

to do “S”

The problem is difficult to deal with.

The music is nice to listen to.

The book is worth reading.

The tree needs watering.

You are to blame.

5. 有些句子尽管也满足“be +及物动词过去分词(done)”，但被动动作的意味淡了，而状态的意味强了，此时的过去分词更像一个adj作表语, 来描述主语的状态。

 

eg: The glass was broken by Tom yesterday.

    That is why the glass is broken now.

 The girl is dressed in red today.

 Mike was seated in the corner last night.

 I am determined to change myself.

 I am faced with many problems.

 I am surprised at the news.

【例题】

 1. You can see the house ___ for years.

   A. isn’t paint   B. hasn’t paint

   C. hasn’t been painted

   D. hadn’t been painted

2. ---Why does Mike look so unhappy?

   --- He has ___ by his classmate.

  A. laughed       B. laughed at

  C. been laughed   D. been laughed at

 

 

 

3. I ___ ten minutes to decide whether I

  should reject the offer.

    A. gave    B. was given

    C. to give   D.had given

4. The police found that the house ___

  and lots of things ___ .

  A. has broken into; has been stolen

  B. had broken into; had been stolen

  C. has been broken into; stolen

  D. had been broken into; stolen

5. I need one more stamp before my collection ____.

  A. had completed   B. completes

  C. has been completed

  D. is completed  E. will be completed

6. Paul doesn’t have to be made ___. He

  always works hard.

  A. learn     B. to learn

  C. learned   D. learning

 

 

 

 

7. --- ___ that the sports meet might be put off.

  --- Yes, it all depends on the weather.

  A. I’ve been told   B. I’ve told

  C. I’m told        D. I told

8.  As we joined the big crowd I got ___

  from my friends.

  A. separated   B. missed

   C. lost       D. missing

9. He was surprised that his wife ___ near their house.

  A. had robbed   B. had been robbed

  C. had robbed of  

D. had been robbed of

10. The water will be further polluted

   unless some measures ____.

   A. will be taken   B. are taken

   C. were taken    D. had been taken

 

 

11.   Good care must ____ babies particularly while they are ill.

   A. take      B. take of

   C. be taken   D. be taken of

12. By the end of last year, another new

   gymnasium ____ in Beijing.

  A. would be completed

  B. was being completed

  C. has been completed

  D. had been completed

 

 

 

被动语态练习（后附答案）

 

 

 

1. The flowers were so lovely that they ______ in no time.    (2007  海南卷)

A. sold              B. had been sold  

C. were sold       D. would sell

2. Professor James will give us a lecture on the Western culture, but when and where _____ yet.     

(2007  浙江卷)

A. hasn’t been decided          

B. haven’t been decided  

C. isn’t being decided           

D. aren’t decided

3. It is said that the early European playing-cards ______ for entertainment and education.(2006 辽宁卷)

A. were being designed    

 B. were designed

C. have been designed     

D. have designed

  4. Although the causes of cancer ______, we do not yet have any practical way to prevent it.

(2006  山东卷)

A. are being uncovered           

B. have been uncovering  

C. are uncovering     

D. have uncovered

  5. Millions of pounds’ worth of damage ______ by a storm which swept across the north of England last night.       (2005  重庆卷)

A. has been caused     

B. had been caused  

C. will be caused  

D. will have been caused

  6. Months ago we sailed ten thousand miles across this open sea, which ______ the Pacific, and we met no storms.        (2005  辽宁卷)

A. was called          B. is called     

C. had been called         

D. has been called

  7. The moment the 28th Olympic Games ______ open, the whole world cheered.  (2006  福建卷)

A. declared     B. have been declared

C. have declared   D. were declared

 

 

 

8. —Why did you leave that position?

—I ______ a better position at IBM.

(2005  北京卷)

A. offer            B. offered     

C. am offered       D. was offered

  9. —George and Lucy got married last week. Did you go to their wedding?

—No, I ______. Did they have a big wedding?(2004  湖北卷)

A. was not invited

B. have not been invited  

C. hadn’t been invited    

D. didn’t invite

10. The hero’s story ______ differently in the news－papers.  (2005  全国Ⅰ)

A. was reported    B. was reporting 

C. reports             D. reported

11. I hear that the meeting ______ till tomorrow.

A. was put off       B. will put off  

C. has been put off      D. is put off

 

 

12. —I saw David in the supermarket this morning.

—Really? He _____ around here for a long time.

A. won’t be seen     B. wasn’t seen   

C. hasn’t been seen  

D. hadn’t been seen

13. ----It is said that Beijing Olympic tickets can _____ online from April, 2007.

---Yes, and I am sure the 110-meter hurdles tickets will _____ well.

A. be booked; be sold   B. book; be sold  

C. be booked; sell        D. book; sell

14. It is reported that the old coins _____ under the earth for about 500 years by the time they were discovered.

A. had buried         B. had been buried  

C. buried             D. were buried

15. People say that the repair of the old temple _____ by 2008.

A. has completed     

B. has been completed  

C. will have been completed  

 D. is completed

 

参考答案

1-5 CABAA     6-10 BDDCA   11-15 CDCBC