高考阅读技能考查——理解文中具体信息

在英语考试大纲中对阅读理解的一项要求是：理解文中具体信息。众所周知：文章主题和中心思想的阐述往往需要大量细节信息的支撑，这些细节对理解全文至关重要。命题人往往会要求读者根据不同要求阅读文章，以获得某些特定的信息或准确地寻求所需的细节。这类试题有时比较直接，在原文中可直接找到答案；有时则是间接理解题，需要进行加工或整理后方能得出正确答案。

技能拓展1 语义转换

【正确选项特点】不是文章中的原句，而是变换词语或结构来表达原文的含义。

【干扰项特点】含有文章中的词或语句，但通过使用否定词或其他修饰限定成分使得选项与原文含义不符。

【技巧点拨】虽说事实细节题的答案一般能在原文中直接或间接地找到，但是与阅读材料一模一样的选项几乎是没有的，而是用不同的词语或句型表达相同的意思。解题时，应带着问题有针对性地阅读短文，迅速找出相关语句，然后比较选项，从而选出正确选项。

【真题示例 1】(2015 全国课标II，阅读D)

Tour C — Windsor Castle & Hampton Court including entrance fees to Hampton Court Palace — ￡34 until 11 March and ￡37 thereafter.

Includes a guided tour of Windsor and Hampton Court, Henry VIII’s favourite palace. Free time to visit Windsor Castle (entrance fees not included). With 500 years of history, Hampton Court was once the home of four Kings and one Queen. Now this former royal palace is open to the public as a major tourist attraction. Visit the palace and its various historic gardens, which include the famous maze (迷宫) where it is easy to get lost!

35. Why is Hampton Court a major tourist attraction?

A. It used to be the home of royal families.
B. It used to be a well-known maze.

C. It is the oldest palace inBritain.
D. It is a world-famous castle.

【答案解析】A 语义转换题。根据原文中句子With 500 years of history, Hampton Court was once the home of four Kings and one Queen. Now this former royal palace is open to the public as a major tourist attraction.可知，four Kings and one Queen可转化为royal families，而原文中出现的once和former说明Hampton Court作为the home of royal families都是以前的事，转换为选项中的used to be。

【真题示例 2】（2015 天津，阅读A)

University Room Regulations Approved and Prohibited Items

The following items are approved for use in residential (住宿的) rooms: electric blankets, hair dryers, personal computers, radios, televisions and DVD players. Items that are not allowed in student rooms include: candles, ceiling fans, fireworks, waterbeds, sun lamps and wireless routers. Please note that any prohibited items will be taken away by the Office of Residence Life.

36. Which of the following items are allowed in student rooms?

A. Ceiling fans and waterbeds.
B. Wireless routers and radios.

C. Hair dryers and candles.
D. TVs and electric blankets.

【答案解析】D 语义转换题。根据原文中The following items are approved for use in residential rooms: electric blankets, hair dryers, personal computers, radios, televisions and DVD players.可知，be approved 即对应题干中的are allowed，再根据所列举的项目可知答案。