证据来源 生命体征通常包括血压、体温、脉率和呼吸频率,主要反映个体最基础的躯体功能状态。
本证据总结是基于系统的文献搜索和循证卫生保健数据库。证据是来自于: ·6篇基于专家意见的文献。1,5,8,9,11,12 ·1篇美国心脏学会高血压研究的专家申明。2 ·3篇系统评价。3,4,7 ·1篇比较性研究。6 ·1篇对照试验。10 ·推荐使用柯氏音听诊法测量血压(Grade B) ·活动或体位改变后休息1-5分钟后再测量血压,测量时保持手臂位置和心脏同一水平。(Grade B) ·袖带固定妥当,气囊中央应位于肱动脉的上方。(Grade B) ·拉直耳道,清除耳垢可使耳温测量读数更准确。(Grade B) ·呼吸监测应当包括呼吸频率、呼吸节律、呼吸性质。(Grade B) ·密切监测呼吸频率增快的重症患者情况。(Grade B) ·呼吸频率的最佳计数方法:患者处于休息状态并且持续一分钟;当呼吸急促时,使用听诊器听诊胸部,保证呼吸频率计数准确。(Grade B) ·考虑到节约时间,相比无汞玻璃体温计,可能优先使用电子腋温计。(Grade B) 本证据来自于国外循证资源,在应用该证据时,应考虑具体的临床情境、专业判断和患者意愿,做出本土化决策。 1. Alexis O. Providing best practice in manual blood pressure measurement. BJN, 2009; 18(7):410-415. (Level IV) 2. Pickering TG, Hall JE, Appel LJ, Falkner BE, Graves J, Hill MN, et al. Recommendations for blood pressure measurement in humans and experimental animals, part 1: blood pressure measurement in humans: a statement for professionals from the Subcommittee of Professional and Public Education of the American Heart Association Council on High Blood Pressure Research. Hypertension. 2005;45:142-161. 3. Lockwood C, Conroy-Hiller T, Page T. Vital Signs. JBI Reports. 2004; 2(6). (Level I) 4. Skirton H, Chamberlain W, Lawson C, Ryan H, Young E. A systematic review of variability and reliability of manual and automated blood pressure readings. JCN. 2011; 20:602-614 (Level I) 5. Amoore D. Best Practice in the measurement of body temperature. Nurs Stand. 2010; 24(42):42-49. (Level IV) 6. Khorshid L, Eser I, Zaybak A, Yapucu U. Comparing mercury-in-glass, tympanic and disposable thermometers in measuring body temperature in healthy young people. JCN. 2005; 14:496-500. (Level III) 7. Lu S, Leasure A, Dai Y. A systematic review of body temperature variation in older people. JCN. 2009; 19:4-16. (Level I) 8. Woodrow P. Taking tympanic temperature. Nurs Older People. 2006; 18(1):31-2. (Level IV) 9. Mains JA, Coxall K, Lloyd H. Measuring temperature…clinical skills:52. Nurs Stand. 2008; 22(39):44-7. (Level IV) 10. Giantin V, Toffanello ED, Enzi G, Perissinotto E, Vangelista S, Simonato M, et al. Reliability of body temperature measurements in hospitalised older patients. J Clin Nurs 2008;17:1518-1525. (Level III) 11. Cretikos MA, Bellomo R, Hillman K, Chen J, Finfer S, Flabouris A. Respiratory rate: the neglected vital sign. Med J Aust. 2008; 188(11):657-9. (Level IV) 12. Parkes, R. Rate of Respiration the forgotten vital sign. Emergency Nurse. 2011:11. (Level IV) 来源:复旦大学循证护理中心 |
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