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sad adj. 1.悲伤的，难过的：I'm sad about[at, for, over] his death. 我为他的死而感到悲伤。/ He is sad to hear the news. 听到这个消息他很难过。2.令人悲伤的，令人难过的：We were sad at the sad news. 听到这个令人伤心的消息我们都很难过。/ It is sad that you've been ill for such a long time. 你病了这么久真叫人难受。 sadly adv. 1. 悲哀地，难过地：He looked at her sadly. 他难过地看着她。2. 令人遗憾地，不幸地：Sadly, our plan failed. 我们的计划不幸失败了。/ Sadly, we have no more money. 可惜我们没有钱了。 safe adj.安全的，牢靠的：Don’t cry, you are safe now. 不要哭，你现在不会有危险了。/ She wished them a safe journey. 她祝他们一路平安。/ Do you think the water is safe to drink? 你认为这水喝起来安全吗? / Is the rope safe? 这绳子牢靠吗？ safety n.[U]安全，保险：safety belt 安全带 / safety lock安全锁 / safety glass 安全玻璃 / safety match 安全火柴 / Safety first. (标语等)安全第一。/ Don't worry about his safety. 别为他的安全担心。/ They ran to safety, away from the fire.他们跑到安全的地方，远离了大火。 【短语】in safety 安全地：He crossed the road in safety. 他安全地穿过了马路。/ We are now in safety. 现在我们安全了。 sale n. 1.[U,C]卖，出售：The sail of his old house made him sad. 卖掉老房子使他很难过。/ I hope I'll make a sale today. 我希望今天能做笔生意。 2.[C]销量，销售额：Sales of cars have increased. 汽车销售量增加了。 【短语】1. for sale 待售，出售的：The car is for sale. 此车出售。2. on sale 出售，削价出售：Summer wear is on sale. 夏季衣服已在出售。 salesgirl n.[C]女售货员：I know the salesgirl. 我认识这个女售货员。 salt n.[U]盐：salt lake 盐湖 / salt water 盐水 / The vegetables need more salt. 这些蔬菜要多加点盐。/ The soup needs more salt. 这汤还要放点盐。/ Please pass me the salt. 请把盐递给我。 same pron.同样的事(人)：All the newspapers say the same. 所有报纸都那样报道。adj.同样的，同一的：We met again at the same place. 我们在同一个地方再次相见。/ They are the same size. 它们同样大小。/ She asked whether we came from the same city. 她问我们是不是同乡。/ He made the same mistake again and again. 他反复犯同样的错误。 【考点】1.其前通常要用定冠词，但在个别口语表达中有时可省略the："Merry Christmas." "Same to you." “祝圣诞快乐。”“也祝你圣诞快乐。”2.要表示“与…一样”，要用 the same as，不能想当然地用as same as或the same with[like]：Is this book the same as that one? 这本书与那本书是一样的吗? 【短语】1. all the same 尽管如此(仍然)，无所谓：Thank you all the same. (不管怎样)我还是要谢谢你。/ Do whatever you want, it's all the same to me. 你想干啥就干啥，我无所谓。2. (the) same to you 你也一样：“Have a good weekend.” “The same to you.” “周末愉快。”“也祝你愉快。” San Francisco n.旧金山：Have you been to San Francisco? 你去过旧金山? sand n. 1.[U]沙，沙子：The floor was covered with sand. 地板上尽是沙。2. (常用复)沙滩，沙地：The children were playing on the sand(s). 孩子们在沙滩上玩。/ The ship struck the sands. 船搁浅在沙滩上。 【用法】play in the sand 与 play on the sand(s)的含义稍有不同：前者表示在一堆沙子上玩或玩沙子，后者表示在沙滩上玩(=play by the seashore)。 sandwich n.[C]三明治：He offered me a sandwich. 他拿给我一份三明治。/ I made a chicken sandwich. 我做了个鸡肉三明治。/ Mother made us some sandwiches. 母亲给我们做了些三明治。 【背景】指一种夹心面包，即在两块面包(通常先涂黄油)之间夹入某种食物(通常为冷食),如果酱(jam)、干酪(cheese)、火腿(ham)、烤牛肉(roast beef)等，并分别叫做果酱三明治(jam sandwich)、干酪三明治(cheese sandwich)、火腿三明治(ham sandwich)、烤牛肉三明治(roast beef sandwich)等。 SAR n.特别行政区：Hong Kong is an SAR. 香港是一个特别行政区。 satellite n. 1.[C]卫星：communication satellite 通信卫星 / man-made satellite 人造卫星 / A satellite moves round a planet. 卫星绕着行星转。/ They receive television pictures by satellite. 他们通过人造卫星接收电视图像。 Saturday n.[C,U]星期六：Today is Saturday. 今天是星期六。/ He will arrive (on) Saturday morning. 他将在星期六上午到。/ She doesn't have to work on Saturdays. 星期六她不需去工作。 save v. 1.救，挽救：He saved her life. 他救了她的命。/ Who saved my son? 是谁救了我儿子? 2.节省，节约：Children should learn to save. 小孩子应该学会节约。/ Machines save labor. 机械节省劳力。3.免去，省去：That will save us a lot of trouble. 那将省去我们许多麻烦。/ If you buy this one, it will save you $2. 你如果买这一个，可以省2美元。 say v. 1.说，讲：What did he say? 他说什么了? / He said (that) she was ill in bed. 他说她卧病在床。/ He said nothing about it. 他对此什么也没有说。/ He said sorry to me. 他向我道歉。/ Say it in English. 用英语说它。 【用法】1.通常为及物动词(其后应有宾语)，但在个别表达中也可用不及物动词：It’s hard to say. 很难说。/ I can't say. 我说不准(我不知道)。2.注意常用句型It's said that...(据说)：It's said that he stole the money. 据说是他偷了这笔钱。 【辨析】speak, talk, tell与say的区别，参见speak。 scenery n.[U]风景：What beautiful scenery! 真是风景如画! / The scenery in the mountains is very beautiful. 山里的景色非常美。/ The driver stopped now and again so that we could enjoy the scenery. 司机不时地把车子停下来，以便让我们欣赏风景。/ The scenery is too beautiful for words.风景美得无法言传。 school n. 1.[C]学校：primary schools 小学 / middle schools 中学 / evening schools 夜校 / This is our school. 这是我们学校。/ English is taught in most schools. 大多数学校都教英语。2.[U]上学，学业，上课：I go to school from Monday to Friday. 从星期一到星期五我要去上学。/ School begins at eight o'clock. 八点钟开始上课。/ I go to night school. 我上夜校。/ Is she still at school, or has she left? 她仍在上学还是已经毕业？/ There will be no school tomorrow. 明日学校放假。 【考点】表示具体的某所学校时，它是可数名词，根据情况其前可用冠词；表示“上学”、“上课”等与学校有关的活动时，它是不可数名词，其前通常不用冠词。比较：He goes to school every day. 他每天都去上学(读书)。/ He goes to the school every day. 他每天都去这所学校。/ He likes school. 他喜欢上学。/ He likes the school. 他喜欢这所学校。 schoolbag n.[C]书包：Where is my schoolbag? 我的书包在哪儿? school-boy n.[C](中小学的)男学生 schoolmate n.[C]同校同学：We were schoolmates twenty years ago. 20年前我们是同学。 schoolyard n.[C]校园，(学校)运动场 science n.[U]1.(统称)科学，科学研究：He is interested in science. 他对科学感兴趣。/ Science means honest, solid knowledge. 科学是老老实实的学问。2.[C,U](一门)科学，学科：Biology is a science. 生物是一门科学。/ He studies computer science. 他研究计算机科学。/ He is interested in the science of medicine. 他对医学感兴趣。3.[U](统称)自然科学，理科：There’s a need for more science teachers. 需要更多的理科教师。/ Is science harder than English? 自然科学比英语难学吗? 【用法】1.表示统称或泛指意义的科学，为不可数名词，且其前不用冠词；表示一门科学，则为可数名词。2.类似以下表达通常不用冠词，因为虽然指明了某门科学，但是其含义仍然较泛：computer science(计算机科学)，economic science(经济学)，medical science(医学)， life science(生命科学)，political science(政治学)等，但若用the science of这样的形式，则用冠词： the science of history(历史学)，the science of physics(物理学)，the science of language(语言科学)。 scientist n.[C]科学家： Einstein was a great scientist. 爱因斯坦是一位伟大的科学家。 scissors n. (复数)剪刀，剪子：She had a pair of scissors in her hand. 她手上拿着一把剪刀。/ These scissors aren’t very sharp. 这剪刀不太锋利。/ First cut along the dotted line with a pair of scissors. 先用剪刀沿虚线剪开。 score n.[C]1.(比赛或考试中所得的)分数：My score on the test was 95. 我考试的成绩是95分。/ The score of the game is 5 to 3. 比赛结果是5比3。/ What’s the score? 比分是多少? 2.[C]二十：a score of people 二十人 v. 1.(在游戏、比赛中)给人评分，记分：Will you score for us when we play? 我们打球时你给我们记分好吗？/ Who will score for this match? 谁来给这场比赛记分? 【用法】1.表示“二十”时，其复数形式通常不加词尾-s，且其后一般不接介词 of：two score eggs 40 只鸡蛋 / three score men 60个人 2. 当其后的名词前有the, these, those 等表示特指的限定词修饰时，或当其后接的是us, them, you 等人称代词时，score 后必须有介词of：three score of these eggs 这些鸡蛋中的60只 3. scores of是习语，其意为“许多”、“大量”、“几十”：I have been there scores of times. 我曾去过那儿许多次。/ Scores of people died in the accident. 在这次事故中死了许多人。 Scotland n.苏格兰：Her uncle is in Scotland. 她叔叔在苏格兰。 【用法】位于大不列颠岛北半部地区，为英国的一部分，其中心城市是爱丁堡(Edinburgh)。 screen n.[C]银幕，荧光屏：a television screen 电视屏幕 2.[C]屏，帘：He puts screen around him when he writes. 他写东西时总是把帘子拉上。 scuba n.[C]水肺(潜水者用的水下呼吸器) sea n.[U]海，海洋：He lives by the sea. 他住在海边。/ Boats sail on the sea.船在海上航行。/ We cannot drink sea water. 海水不能喝。/ The river flows into the sea. 这条河流入大海。/ My love for you is deeper than the sea. 我对你的爱比海深。 【用法】构成专有名词时，其前通常要用定冠词：the Black Sea 黑海 / the South China Sea 南海 / the Dead Sea 死海 / the Sea of Japan 日本海 seafood n.[U]海鲜，海产品：a seafood restaurant海鲜餐厅 search n. 1.[C,U]搜索，搜寻：After a long search, they found the lost child. 经过很长时间的寻找，他们发现了这个走失的小孩。/ The search for the missing men was given up. 搜寻失踪者的行动已经放弃了。v.搜寻，搜查：All night they searched for her. 整夜他们在搜找她。/ The police searched the city. 警察搜遍了全城。/ He searched the boys one by one. 他一个一个地搜了这些男孩子的身。/ The police searched for the thief. 警察搜找那个小偷。/ The police searched the city for the thief. 警察为了找到那个小偷搜遍了全城。 【短语】in search of 搜找：They started at once in search of the missing child. 他们马上开始寻找这个失踪的孩子。 【用法】比较以下用法：search sb=搜某人(指搜身)，search a place=搜某地方(在某地方搜)，search for sb=搜找某人(搜的目的是要找到某人)，search a place for sb=为了找到某人而搜某个地方。 season n.[C]季，季节：There are four seasons in a year. 一年有四季。/ Spring is a lovely season. 春天是怡人的季节。/ Spring and autumn are my favorite seasons. 春季和秋季是我最喜欢的季节。 seat n.[C]座位：Please take a seat. 请坐。/ Let's change seats. 我们换个座位吧。/ Excuse me, is this seat taken? 请问这座位有人坐吗? / Do you have any seat for tonight’s show? 还有今晚表演的票吗？vt. 1.使就座：Seat the boy next to his brother. 让那个孩子坐在他哥哥旁边。/ He seated himself near the window. 他在窗户边坐下。2.能容纳…人：The cinema can seat 1000 people. 这个电影院能容纳1000 人。 【用法】用作动词时，是及物动词，其后应有宾语或用被动结构，如不能说Please seat，但可说Please seat yourself. / Please be seated. 请坐。 Seattle n.西雅图：I have some friends in Seattle. 我西雅图有些朋友。 second n. 1.[C]秒：There are 60 seconds in a minute. 1分钟有60秒。/ Every second counts. 一寸光阴一寸金(分秒必争)。2.[C]片刻：I can’t do without it for a second. 我一刻也离不开它。/ I shall be ready in a second or two. 一会儿我就会准备好。 second adj. 1.第二，第二的：February is the second month of the year. 二月是一年的第二个月份。/ It's the second time this has happened. 是第二次发生这样的事了。2.再一的，又一的：We need a second pair of shoes. 我们还需要另一双鞋。adv.第二：The Yellow River is China's second longest river. 黄河是中国第二大河。pron.第二个人(物)：He is the second to come. 他是第二个来的人。 secondhand adj.二手货，旧货：It's a secondhand shop. 是个旧货店。adv.当旧货地：I got this camera secondhand. 我买的这部相机是二手货。 secret n. 1.[C]秘密：The secret is out. 机密泄漏了。/ We must keep it a secret. 我们必须对此保密。/ It's a secret. 这是秘密。2.[C]奥秘：the secrets of nature 自然的奥秘 3.[C]秘诀，窍门：The secret of his success was hard work. 他成功的秘诀是勤勉工作。adj. 秘密的：It's a secret talk. 那是一次秘密谈话。 see v.1.看见，看到：He looked but saw nothing. 他看了看，但什么也没看见。/ Have you seen my bag? 你看到我的手提包了吗? / I saw him cross the street. 我看见他横越马路。2.领会，明白：You see? (你)明白吗？/ Oh, I see. 哦，我明白了。/ I don't see what you mean. 我不懂你的意思。3.看望，拜会：I'll go and see her. 我要去看看她。4.查看，检查：Go and see who it is. 去看看是谁。5.观看(电影)，参观：I didn't see the film. 我没有看这部电影。/ He saw the sight of Hong Kong. 他游览了香港。6.陪送，送别：You should see her home. 你应该送她回家。/ She saw me to the gate and said goodbye. 她把我送到门口就说了声再见。7.想想，看看：Let me see. 让我想想看。 【考点】1.后接不定式作宾语补足语时，不定式不带to：He saw her go into a shop. 我看见她进了一家商店。但在被动语态中，不定式要带to：He was seen to go into shop. 有人看见走进一家商店。2. see sb do sth与see sb doing sth：前者表示看见某人做了某事(强调动作的全过程)，后者表示看见某人正在做某事(强调动作在进行)：I saw her play the piano. 我看她弹了钢琴。/ I saw her playing the piano. 我看见她正在弹钢琴。 seem vi.似乎，好像：It seems (to be) a good idea. 那似乎是个好主意。/ He seems (to be) quite happy. 他似乎很高兴。/ It seems (as if ) it’s going to rain. 天好像要下雨。/ She seemed a little tired. 她似乎有点累。 【考点】1.后接不定式to be时，to be通常可以省略。2.比较以下同义句：He seems (to be) ill.=It seems that he is ill. 他似乎病了。/ He seems to know everything.= It seems that he knows everything. 他好像什么都知道。 seldom adv.很少，不常：She is seldom ill. 她很少生病。/ I seldom eat meat. 我很少吃肉。/ It seldom snows here. 这儿很少下雪。 【用法】1.在句中的位置一般是紧靠动词，有时也放在句末(尤其是受very, quite等修饰时)：She goes to the cinema very seldom. 她极少去看电影。2.在正式的文体中，可放在句首，并引出倒装句：Seldom does he see a film. 他很少看电影。3.含有seldom的句子在变反意问句时，疑问部分要用肯定式：She seldom goes there, does she? 她很少去那儿，是吗? self n.[U,C] 自己，自我，自身：Self do, self have. 自作自受。/ He always thinks first of self. 他总是首先想到自己。 self-respect n.[U]自尊，自重：What you said hurt his self-respect. 你说的话伤了他的自尊。 sell v. 1.卖：I won’t sell to a stranger. 我不卖给生人。/ He sold me his car.=He sold his car to me. 他把汽车卖给了我。/ He sold his house at a low price. 他低价卖掉了他的房子。2.被出售，有销路：The book sold well. 这本书畅销。/ Will such a long novel sell? 这么长的小说有人买吗？ seller n.[C]卖者，售货员：a newspaper seller 卖报者，报童 send v. 1送，寄：She sent me a present. 她送了我一件礼物。/ We'd better send him to hospital at once. 我们最好马上送他到医院就诊。2.派：She sent for the doctor. 她派人去请医生。/ We can send a car over to fetch you. 我们可以派车来接你。3.使变得，使得：This noise will send me mad. 这吵声会使我发疯。4.发信，寄信：Please send me a card. 请寄一张明信片来。 【用法】1.表示“送”，一般是指通过他人或通过某种手段间接地去送，而不是指自己亲自去送。2. send sb与send for sb (sth)不同，前者表示“派遣某人”，后者表示“派人去请某人或找某物”：We must send him to repair the machine. 我们必须派他去修理机器。/ We must send for him to repair the machine. 我们必须派人去请他来修理机器。 sentence n. 1.[C]句子：Write three sentences with this word. 用这个词造三个句子。2.[C]判刑：He received a heavy sentence. 他被重判。vt. 宣判，判决：He was sentenced to death. 他被判死刑。/ He was sentenced to three years in prison. 他被判处3年徒刑。 September n.九月：School begins in September. 九月开学。/ September is the ninth month of the year. 9月是一年的第9个月。/ He was born in September, 1988. 他出生在1988年9月。/ September 10 is Teachers' Day. 9月10日是教师节。 serious adj. 1.严肃的，认真的：I want to have a serious talk with you.我想认真地同你谈一谈。/ Are you serious? 你当真吗? / Marriage is a very serious thing. 婚姻是严肃的。/ Never mind him, he is not serious. 不要介意，他是说着玩的。2.严重的：It's a serious mistake. 那是一个严重的错误。/ He has a serious illness. 他病得很厉害。 serve vt. 1.招待，接待：Are you being served? 有人接待你吗？/ Dinner is now served. 现在开饭了。/ Serve the guests first. 先给客人盛饭(菜)。2.为…服务：We should serve the people. 我们必须为人民服务。 【用法】表示“为…服务”，它是及物动词，不要按汉语意思在其后误加介词for。 service n. 1.[U,C]服务：Service First. 服务第一。/ We must try to improve our service. 我们必须设法提高服务质量。/ Do you need the services of a doctor (a lawyer)? 你需要医生诊治(律师帮忙)吗? / They offer their services free. 他们主动提供免费服务。 set n. 1.[C]装备，设备：I bought a new TV set. 我买一台新电视机。2.[C]一套，一副：a set of gardening tools 一套园艺工具 set v.1.(太阳等)下落：The sun rises in the ease and sets in the west. 太阳从东方升起，从西方落下。/ The moon is setting. 月亮正在落下。2摆设，放置：I set the flowers on the table. 我把花放在桌子上。/ I set the table for dinner. 我在桌上摆好餐具准备开饭。3.使，致使：We set the children to clean the windows. 我们叫孩子们擦窗子。/ What he said set me thinking. 他的话使我思考。/ He can't set the machine going. 他不会开动这台机器。 【短语】1. set about 开始，着手：I don't know how to set about this job. 我不知道怎样着手这项工作。2. set out 动身，出发；开始，着手：When shall we set out? 我们什么时候出发? / They succeeded in what they set out to do. 他们想要做的事做成了。 【用法】1.表示“下落”时，一般不与down连用。2. set sb to do sth 与 set sb (sth) doing sth不同，前者表示“使某人做某事”，后者表示“使某人(物)开始做某事或处于做某事的状态”：He set me to do it. 他要我去做这事。/ What he said set her crying. 他说的话使她哭了起来。 seven num. 七：He had seven children. 他有7个小孩。 seventeen num. 十七：She is seventeen. 她17岁。 seventh num. 第七：The seventh lesson is easy. 第七课很容易。 seventy num. 七十：He was born in the seventies. 他生于70年代。 several pron. 几个，数个：Several of you need to work harder. 你们有几个人还需要努力。/ I already have several. 我已经有几个了。adj.若干：I have several letters to write today. 我今天有好几封信要写。/ He lived there for several years. 他在那儿住过几年。/ Several people saw the accident, not just you. 几个人看到了事故，不仅是你。 【考点】一般不与only连用，遇此情况可改用 a few：I have only a few friends. 我只有几个朋友。(不说I have only several friends.) shake v.1.摇动，震动：Shake the bottle before taking the medicine. 服用此药前请先摇晃瓶子。/ The trees are shaking in the wind. 风吹得树枝摇动。/ He was much shaken at[by, with] the news. 听到这个消息他非常震动。/ We felt the house shake. 我们感到房子在摇晃。2.握(手)：If you agree, let's shake on it. 如果你同意，我们就握手确定。/ He shook hands with me.= He shook my hand. 他同我握了手。 shall v. aux. 1.将要，会：We’ll know the result tomorrow.. 明天就会知道结果了。/ I'm afraid I shan't be able to come. 我恐怕不能来。/ What shall we have for breakfast? 我们早饭吃什么? / I shall try again. 我还要试。2.要不要，…好吗：Shall I open the window? 要我把窗子打开吗？/ Shall I get you a chair? 要不要我给你拿把椅子来? 【考点】1.用于构成将来时态，表示单纯的未来，主要用于第一人称。2.用于疑问句征求对方意见，也主要用于第一人称，其意为“要不要”：Shall I get you a chair? 要不要我给你拿把椅子来? shame n. 1.[U]羞耻，耻辱：He has no shame. 他毫无羞耻心。/ He put her to shame. 他使她羞愧。2.[C]可耻的事，遗憾的事：What a shame! 真不像话(真遗憾)! / It's a great shame to treat him like that. 这样对待他太不像话了。/ It's a shame (that) he didn't come. 很遗憾他没来。 shape n.[C,U]形状，外形：What shape is it? 它们什么形状? / The picture is round in shape. 这幅画是圆形的。/ It wears well and keeps its shape. 它耐穿而且不走样。 share v. 1.分配，分发：He shared (out) $100 among[between] the five men. 他把100美元分给了这5个人。2.分享，分担，共用：We share a small room between us. 我们俩共用一个小房间。/ I will share (in) the cost with you. 我将与你分担费用。/ Children should learn to share. 小孩应该学会与人分享东西。n.[C]份额，一份：Where is my share? 我的一份呢? shark n.[C]鲨鱼：The largest of the dangerous sharks is the great white or man-eater. 危险的鲨鱼中最大的是大白鲨或称杀人鲨。 sharp adj.锋利的，尖的：Be careful of the sharp knife. 当心这锋利的小刀。 sharpen v.锐利，削尖：Sharpen a pencil with a knife.用刀子削铅笔。 sharpener n. 削尖用的器具：pencil sharpener 转笔刀 she pron. 她：She is beautiful. 她很美。/ She likes English. 她喜欢英语。 【考点】是主格，用作主语；若用作宾语，要用宾格her：I like her. 我喜欢她。 sheep n.[C]绵羊：I saw five sheep. 我看见5只绵羊。/ Sheep are grazing. 羊在吃草。/ We keep more than 30 sheep. 我们养了30多只羊。 【考点】1.单复数同形。2.不要从字面理解a black sheep，它的意思是“害群之马”、“败家子”，而不是“一只黑色的绵羊”。 shelf n.[C]架子，搁板：I put up a shelf in the kitchen. 我在厨房内搭了一个架子。/ The plates are on the shelf in the kitchen. 盘子放在厨房的架子上。/ I keep my books on the shelves in my room. 我把书放在我房间里的架子上。/ Put the book back on the shelf when you have read it. 阅后请把书放回架上。 shellfish n.[C,U]贝类，甲壳类水生物：Shellfish is good to eat. 水生贝壳类动物很好吃。 【考点】作为动物看的贝类，为可数名词(复数与单数同形)；作为食物的贝类，为不可数名词。 shepherd n.[C]牧羊人，牧童 shine v.1.1.发光，发亮：The light shone in. 光线照射进来。/ The sun shone bright(ly). 阳光明媚。/ His face shone with pleasure. 他脸上高兴得发光。/ Her eyes shone with excitement. 她两眼兴奋得闪光。2.使(灯等)照射：He shone a light in[into]my eyes (face). 他用手电光照我的眼睛(脸)。/ Please shine your flashlight over here. 请把手电筒往这边照。3.擦亮：Go and shine your shoes. 去把你的皮鞋擦亮。 ship n.[C]船，轮船：What a nice ship! 多漂亮的船呀！/ We decided to go by ship. 我们决定坐船去。/ TheTitanic was the largest ship at that time. 泰坦尼克号是当时最大的船。 【辨析】ship 与 boat的区别，见 boat。 shirt n.[C]衬衫：This is my shirt and hers is over there. 这是我的衬衫，她的衬衫在那边。/ That shirt is dirty, here is a clean one. 那件衬衣脏了，这里有件干净的。 shoe n.[C]鞋：He needs a new pair of shoes. 他需要一双新鞋。/ He put[got] on his shoes and went out. 他穿好鞋就出去了。/ Please lace up your shoes. 请系好你的鞋带。/ The man took off his shoes and got into bed. 这个人把鞋脱掉后就上了床。 shoot v.1.开枪，射击：He shot a gun. 他开枪了。/ He shoot at the bird, but missed it.他对着鸟开枪，但没有打中。2.射中，打死：He shoot a bird and killed it. 他打中那只鸟把它打死了。/ He was shot three times in the leg. 他的腿中了三枪。3.投球：Tom shot a goal. 汤姆踢进了一个球。 【用法】比较：shoot at sb=向某人开枪(不一定打中)，shoot sb=打中某人。 shop n.[C]商店：shop assistant 店员 / shop boy[girl] 店员 / shop hours 营业时间 / There is a shop near our school. 我们学校附近有家商店。/ All the shops were shut. 所有商店都关门了。/ The shop stays open till seven o'clock. 商店一直开到七点。vi.买东西：We usually shop on Sundays. 我们常在星期天去商店买东西。/ I like shopping for clothes. 我喜欢买衣服。/ She went shopping. 她买东西了。 shopkeeper n.[C]店主，零售商人：Who is the shopkeeper? 店主是谁? shopping n.[U]买东西：She did a lot of shopping yesterday. 她昨天买了许多东西。/ I've got some shopping to do. 我要买些东西。/ My husband always does the shopping. 买东西的事都由我丈夫做。 short adj. 1.短的：My shirt is too short. 我的衬衫太短了。/ He had a short stay here. 他曾在这里短期停留过。/ Mr Smith wrote some short stories. 史密斯先生写过一些短篇小说。2.矮的：Jane is shorter than her. 简比她矮。/ I don’t like him; he is too short. 我不喜欢他，他太矮了。3.不足的，短缺的：We are short of money. 我们缺钱。 【短语】1.in short 总之：In short, we don't like him. 总之，我们不喜欢他。2. for short 为了简短，简称：Jonathan is called Jon for short. 乔纳森被简称为乔。 shot n. 1.[C]射击，开炮，射击声：We heard shots in the distence. 我们听到远处有枪声。/ There was a shot, and the bird fell dead. 一声枪响，鸟落下死了。2.[C]射门，投篮，击球：His shot went wide. 他没射进球门。3.[U]子弹：The gun is out of shot. 这支枪的子弹快用完了。/ The shot wounded his arm. 子弹打伤了他的胳膊。 should v.aux. 1.将，会：I told him I should get up early. 我告诉他我会早起。2.应当，应该：You should study hard. 你应该努力学习。/ We should help him. 我们应该帮助他。/ Teachers should be kind to their students 老师应该对学生友好。/ The police should do something about it. 警察应就那件事采取一点行动。3.可能：They should be there by now, I think. 我想他们现在应该到那里去了。 shout v.叫喊，高声呼喊：The girl shouted for help. 这个女孩大声呼救。/ He started to shout and sing. 他开始叫嚷并唱歌。/ He was too far away and I had to shouted to him. 他太远，我只好大声喊他。/ She heard someone shouting her name. 她听见有人在大声喊她的名字。/ John shouted that he was safe. 约翰大声喊，他安然无恙。n.[C]叫声，呼喊：I can hear the children's shouts of joy. 我可以听到孩子们的欢呼声。/ Suddenly I heard a shout. 突然我听到喊叫声。 【用法】比较下面两句，所用介词不同，含义不同：He shouted at me. 他对我吼叫。(意在训人) / He shouted to me. 他朝着我大声喊。(无训人之意) show n. 1.[C]展示，展览(会)：Have you been to the flower show? 你去参观花卉展了没有? 2.[C]演出 ：Both of us are going to the show. 我们两人都准备去看演出。/ The show lasted two hours. 演出持续了两小时。v. 1.给…看，出示：Show me some others. 再拿一些给我看。/ Show me what you've bought. 把你买的东西拿给我看看。2.引导，带领：Show the gentleman in. 请带那位先生进来。/ Show him to his room. 把他带到他房间去。/ They were shown round the city. 他们被带着在城里观光。3.告诉，解释：Show me where your leg hurts. 告诉我你的腿什么地方疼。/ Let me show you how to do it. 我来告诉你怎样做。4.说明，表明：That shows how little you know. 这表明你多么无知。5.上映，演出：What’s showing at the cinema? 电影院现在上映什么片子？/ Where is the film showing? 电影在哪里放映? 【用法】1.表示拿某物给人看，可带双宾语，若双宾语易位，要用介词to引出间接宾语： He showed me his new watch.=He showed his new watch to me. 他给我看了他的新表。2.表示告诉某人做某事，其实是指通过做示范教某人做某事，此时可后接“宾语+疑问词+不定式”，但一般不直接用“宾语+不定式”，如下面一句中不定式前的how就不能省略：He showed me how to make a cake. 他教我做蛋糕。3. show sb (a)round 的意思是“陪某人参观”或“带某人到处看看”，它通常不再与visit或everywhere之类的词连用，以免构成用词重复：He showed us round the farm. 他带我们参观了农场。 shower n. 1.[C]阵雨：It looks like a shower. 看起来要下阵雨了。/ A shower of rain doesn't last long. 阵雨不会持续很久。/ Some showers are expected this afternoon. 今天下午有阵雨。2.[C]淋浴：He had a shower after the tennis match. 网球比赛后他冲了个淋浴。/ I was having a shower at that time. 那时我正冲澡。vi. 1.下阵雨：It’s started to shower. 开始下阵雨了。2.淋浴：He showered quickly before he got dressed. 他很快地洗了个淋浴，然后穿好衣服。 showery adj.多阵雨的，阵雨(般)的 shut v.关闭，关上：Shut your eyes. 闭上你的眼睛。/ Will you shut the door? 你把门关上好吗? / All the shops were shut. 商店都关门了。/ The door won't shut. 这门关不上。 【用法】要表示关灯、关电视、关水龙头、关煤气等，不宜用shut，但可用shut off，如不说Please shut the light，但可说Please shut off[turn off] the light(请关灯)。 shy adj.害羞的：She gave him a shy smile. 她对他羞怯地笑了笑。/ The children was shy and hid behind his mother. 这孩子很害羞，躲在妈妈后面。/ He was shy with women. 他和女人在一起时怕羞。 sick adj. 1.有病的，患病的：He's sick in bed. 他卧病在床。/ He fell sick. 他生病了。/ He is sick with the flu. 他患了流感。2.(想)呕吐的，恶心的：The long train ride made him sick. 长时间坐车使他想呕吐。3.厌烦的，讨厌的：John is sick of his job. 约翰讨厌他的工作。 【辨析】sick与ill：1.两者均表示“有病的”，但ill只用作表语，而sick既可用作定语，也可用作表语。2.表示“病人们”，用the sick，不用the ill：They have come to see the sick.他们已来看望过病人。 side n. 1.[C]边，旁边：There are trees on both sides of the road. 路的两边都种有树。/ He lives on the west side of town. 他住在城的西边。/ She sat down on the side of the bed. 她在床边坐下。2.[C]面，侧面：The front door is locked;we'll have to go round to the side. 前门是锁上的，我们只好绕到侧面。/ He painted all four sides of the box.他把箱子的四面都漆了。/ Write on both sides of the paper. 纸的两面都要写。/ She was lying on her side. 她侧身躺着。 sight n.1.[U]视力：He had good sight./ His sight was good. 他的视力好。/ Birds have better sight than dogs. 鸟的视力比狗好。/ He lost his sight at the age of three. 他3岁时失明。2.[U]看见：He fell in love with her at first sight. 他对她一见钟情。/ The sight of blood made her sick. 她一看见血就想呕。/ It was his first sight of an elephant. 这是他第一次看见大象。3.[U]视野：Keep out of my sight. 别让我再看见你。/ There was not a ship in sight. 看不到一艘船。/The plane is now out of sight. 飞机现在看不见了。4.[C]情景，风景：What a beautiful sight those rose make. 那些玫瑰构成多么美丽的景象啊？ sign n. 1.[C]符号，标记：A red flag was placed there as a sign of danger. 那里插了一面红旗, 表示有危险。2.[C]手势：He made a sign to me to sit down. 他向我打了个手势，叫我坐下。3.[C]标志牌，指示牌：The sign reads “No smoking”. 那牌子上写着“禁止抽烟”。 / We hung a sign on the door. 我们在门上挂了一个招牌。/ Can you see what the sign says? 你能看清招牌上写的是什么吗? 4.[C]迹象，征兆：There are no signs of life about the house. 这房子没有有人住的迹象。/ A red sky at sunset is a sign of good weather. 日落时的晚霞是好天气的前兆。/ She saw no signs that he would change his mind. 她没看到他任何改变主意的迹象。v. 1签名：Sign here,please. 请在这里签字。/ You must get her to sign that. 你必须让她在这上边签字。/ The papers are ready to be signed. 这些文件已准备好可以签字了。2.打手势：He signed me to be quiet. 他做手势要我安静。 【用法】表示做手势要某人做某事或示意某人做某事，可用sign sb to do sth，也可用sign to[for] sb to do sth：The policeman signed (to, for) me to stop. 警察打手势(示意)叫我停下。 signal n.[C]信号，暗号：A green light is a signal to go. 绿灯是可以通行的信号。/ The railway signal showed that the train could pass. 铁路的信号标志显示火车可以通过。v. 发信号，用信号或动作表示：He signalled to her to keep away. 他示意她不要靠近。/The teacher signalled to the boy to begin. 老师向那个男孩做手势，叫他开始。/ We signalled the taxi driver to comel over. 我们招呼出租车司机把车开过来。 silent adj. 1.不讲话的，沉默的：You’d better be silent about what happened. 你最好对所发生的事默不作声。/ Hearing this everyone fell silent.听到这话大家都沉默下来。/ The class was silent when the teacher explained the exam rules. 当老师解释考试规则时，全班学生都安安静静的。/ He is a silent man. 他是个沉默寡言的人。2.寂静的：It was a silent, moonless night. 那是一个寂静、没有月亮的夜晚。/ All is silent. 万籁俱寂。 silently adv.安静地，沉默地：He silently went out of the room. 他默然走出房间。/ She prayed silently. 她默默地祈祷。/ The teacher told us to read silently. 老师叫我们默读。 silk n.[U]丝绸：Is it made of silk? 它是丝绸做的吗? / How much are the silk stockings? 这长统丝袜多少钱? / He deals in silk goods. 他经营丝织品。/ Silk feels soft and smooth. 绸缎摸起来柔软光滑。 silly adj.愚蠢的，糊涂的，傻的：It sounds silly. 这话听起来很愚蠢。/ Don't be silly, child. 别发傻了，孩子。/ It was silly to believe him. 相信他的话是愚蠢的。/ It was silly of you to believe him. 你相信他真是太蠢了。 【辨析】stupid, foolish与silly的区别，见foolish。 simple adj. 1.简单的，简易的：The question is simple. 这个问题很简单。/ The book is written in simple language. 这本书是用简易语言写的。2.简朴的，单纯的：The doctor lived a simple life. 医生过着简朴的生活。/ The simple speech moved us deeply. 这个朴实无华的演讲深深地感动了我们。3.头脑简单的：He's so simple that he'll believe anything you tell him. 他头脑简单，你说什么他都信。 since conj. 1.从…以来，…以后：We have known each other since we were children. 我们从小就认识。/ It's a long time since I met you last. 从上次见到你，已有很长时间了。/ I haven't heard from him since he left. 他走之后我还没接到过他的信。/ They've moved twice since they got married. 他们结婚后已搬了两次家。2.由于，既然：Since you are going，I will go too. 既然你去，我也去。/ Since we are young, we shouldn’t be too afraid of making mistakes. 因为我们还年轻，所以不应该太害怕犯错误。prep.从…以来：The works have been closed since January. 一月份以来这些厂就关闭了。/ She has been here since Monday. 从星期一起她一直在这里。ad. 从此以后：He left two years ago, and we haven't met since. 他两年前离开的，此后我们再也没有见面。 【考点】1.不管用作介词、连词还是副词，句子(主句)谓语通常都与完成时态连用。有一个常见的例外是，在“It＋be＋一段时间＋since从句”中，主句通常用It is代替It has been：It’s three years since he left. 他已离开3年了。2.当用作连词且所引导的从句谓语为延续性动词时，翻译时要从该延续性动词结束时算起(或从其反面翻译)：I haven't heard from him since he lived in Beijing. 自从他离开北京以来，我一直未收到他的信(“住在北京”的结束，即“离开北京”)。/ He has never come to see me since I was ill. 我病愈之后他还没来看过我(“生病”的结束,即“病愈”)。这类用法的例外情况是…since we were young, …since I was a child这类表达，通常仍译为“自从我们年轻时开始”、“自从我小时候开始”等。 sing v.唱，唱歌：She taught me to sing. 她教我唱歌。/ Listen to the birds singing. 听那些鸟儿歌唱。/ She sings better than me. 她比我唱得好。/ She was often heard to sing this song. 人们常常听见她唱这支歌。 【用法】可接双宾语，双宾语易位时，通常用介词 for(有时也用to)引出间接宾语：She sang us anEnglish song. =She sang an English song for us. 她给我们唱了首英语歌。 singer n.[C]歌唱家，歌手：She married a singer. 她嫁给了一个歌唱家。/ She is the worst singer I know. 她是我知道的最差的歌手。 single adj. 1.惟一的，一个的：There wasn't a single person in the street.. 街上一个人都没有。/ There is a single name on the blackboard — whose is it? 黑板上只有一个名字，是谁的名字？2.各个的，单个的：Thereis no need to write down every single word I say. 没有必要把我说的每一个词都写下来。/ We examined each single piece. 我们逐件一一地作了检查。3.单人用的：A single bed is made for one person. 单人床是为一个人(睡觉)制做的。/ They need two single rooms and one double. 他们需要两个单人房间和一个双人房间。4.单程的(=one-way)：I'd like a single ticket. 我想要一张单程票。5.单身的(=unmarried)：She decided to remain. 她决定独身。/ Are you married or single? 你结婚了还是单身? / He's leading a single life. 他过着单身生活。 sink vi. 1.下沉：The ship is sinking. 这船正在下沉。/ Several ships sank in the storm. 暴风雨中有几艘船沉没了。/ The sun is sinking in the west. 日落西山。2.倒下：She sank to the ground. 她瘫倒在地上。/ She sank into his arms. 她倒在他怀里。3.(数目、价格等)下降：The wind has sunk down. 风势已弱。/ The price of eggs sinks in summer. 蛋价在夏季下跌。 sir n. 先生：Can I help you, sir? 先生，你要什么? / Sorry, sir. Lady first. 对不起，先生，请让女士先来。/ How much did you want to spend, sir? 先生，您打算花多少钱？/ Don't forget your hat, sir. 先生，别忘了您的帽子。 【用法】用于对长者、上司、顾客、老师等的尊称。通常要单独使用，不与姓(名)连用。 sister n.[C]姐，妹：Mary is my sister. 玛丽是我妹妹。/ My little sister is five this year. 我的小妹今年5岁。/ My sister is going to have a baby. 我姐姐要生孩子了。 sister-in-law n. 嫂，弟媳：My sister-in-law is kind to me. 我的嫂子对我很好。 sit vi. 1.坐：Please sit here. 请坐这儿。/ Shall we sit over there? 我们坐那边好吗? / Let's sit under this tree. 咱们坐在这棵树下吧。2.坐落，位于：The village sits on a small river. 村庄位于小河边。 situation n. 1.[C]形势，情况：The situation of the county is very serious. 该国的形势十分严峻。2.[C]处境，状况：The situation is very difficult. 处境很困难。/ Such a situation could be changed. 这种状况可以改变。3.[C]位置，场所：It is the best situation for a school. 那是建学校的最佳位置。 six num. 六：He had six children. 他有6个小孩。 sixth num. 第六：The sixth lesson is very easy. 第六课很容易。 sixty num.六十：He was born in the sixties. 他生于60年代。 sixteen num. 十六：He is sixteen years old. 他16岁。 sixteenth num. 第十六：Today is my sixteenth birthday. 今天是我16岁生日。 size n.[C,U]尺寸，大小，号码：They are the same size. 它们同样大小。/ They're twice the size of chickens. 它们比鸡大一倍。/ Those shoes are just right in size. 那双鞋子大小正合适。/ What's the size of your garden? 你的花园有多大? / It is equal in size to a book. 它的大小与一本书相同。/ My shoes are size 9. 我穿9号鞋。/ What size shoes do you take[wear]? 你穿几号鞋? skate vi. 溜冰，滑冰：He skated across the lake. 他滑冰穿过湖面。/ I'm going skating. 我要去滑冰。/ He loves skating. 他喜爱滑冰。/ Skiing is more exciting than skating. 滑雪比溜冰更有刺激性。 ski vi.滑雪：I’m learning to ski. 我在学滑雪。/ He's good at skiing. 他善于滑雪。/ My favourite sport is skiing. 我最喜欢的运动是滑雪。 skirt n.[C]裙子：This is my skirt. 这是我的裙子。/ She wore her sister's skirt. 她穿着她姐姐的裙子。/ You can’t wear that skirt to school. 你不可以穿那条裙子去上学。 sky n.[C,U]天，天空：What colour is the sky? 天空是什么颜色的? / There were little white clouds high in the blue sky. 高高的蓝天上浮着朵朵小白云。/ What a beautiful sky! 多美的天空呀! / Look at the sky! It's going to rain. 瞧天上，就要下雨了。 sleep n. 1.[U]睡觉，睡眠：You'd better get some sleep. 你最好去睡一会儿。/ The mother sang her baby to sleep. 母亲唱歌哄孩子睡觉。/ Sleep is necessary to[for] health. 睡眠对健康是必要的。2.(只用单)一段睡眠：I had a short sleep after lunch. 中饭后我睡了一会儿。/ I had a good sleep last night. 我昨晚睡得很好。vi. 睡觉：She is still sleeping. 她还在睡觉。/ Did you sleep well? 你睡得好吗? / Let's sleep in the garden. 咱们睡在花园里吧。/ I usually sleep late on Sundays. 星期天我通常睡懒觉。 【短语】go to sleep 入睡，睡着：He got into bed and soon went to sleep. 他上床后不久就睡着了。/ Now go to sleep and stop worrying about it. 快睡吧，别再为此担心了。 sleepy adj.想睡的，困倦的：He felt sleepy. 他感到昏昏欲睡。/ I was too sleepy to hear the end of his talk. 我太困了，没有听完他的话。 slipper n. (常用复)拖鞋：He bought a pair of slippers. 他买了一双拖鞋。 slow adj.1.慢的：It was slow but very safe. 这样很慢，但是很安全。/ My watch is five minutes slow.我的表慢5分钟。2.迟缓，迟钝：He was slow to make his mind. 他迟迟不能拿定主意。/ He is slow in understanding. 他理解迟钝。ad. 慢慢地，缓慢地：He walked very slow. 他走得很慢。/ Can you drive a bit slower？你可以开慢一点吗？ 【辨析】slow与slowly，参见slowly。 slowly adv.慢慢地：Please drive more slowly. 请开得慢一点。/ Read it slowly and clearly. 慢慢念，念清楚。/ You must do it slowly and carefully. 你必须慢慢细心地做。/ She slowly opened the door. 她慢慢地把门打开。 【辨析】slow与slowly(慢)：前者可用作形容词和副词，用作副词时通常只用于少数动词(如go, drive, pass, climb等)，且通常要置于动词后；后者只用作副词，其位置比较灵活，可置于动词之前或之后。 small adj.小的：It's a small box. 那是个小盒子。/ The bag is too small. Have you a larger one? 这个袋子太小，你有大些的吗? / My room is smaller than yours. 我的房间比你的小。/ He lives in a small town. 他住在一座小镇上。 【辨析】small与little：两者都可表示面积和体积的“小”，但small只是作客观地描述，而 little 则通常带有一定的感情色彩(如高兴, 满意, 同情等)：I wouldn't like to live in such a small house. 我不想住在那样小的房子里面。/ I'd like to have a little house of my own. 我想拥有属于自己的小房子。另外，这样用的 little 通常用作定语，很少用作表语，同时也很少用于比较级或受very, rather, too等副词的修饰，而small则完全无此限制。 smell n. 1.[C,U]气味，香味：There is a smell of gas. 有一股煤气味。/ What a pleasant smell! 这气味真好闻! / This flower hasn't much smell. 这种花没有多大香味。2.[U]嗅觉：It has a fine sense of smell. 它的嗅觉很好。/ Smell is one of the five senses. 嗅觉是五种感觉之一。3.(连用a)闻，嗅：Have a smell of this wine: does it seem all right? 闻一闻这酒，没问题吧? / Take[Have] a smell at this egg and tell me whether it is good. 闻一闻这只鸡蛋,看是否是好的。v. 1.闻到，嗅到：I think I smell gas! 我想我闻到了汽油味。/ I smell something burning. 我闻到什么东西烧焦的气味。2.闻，闻起来：I have got a cold and I can not smell. 我感冒了，闻不出味道。/ The flowers smell good. 这些花闻起来很香。/ Babies smell of milk.婴儿都有股乳香味。 【考点】表示闻起来有什么味道，其后接形容词作表语(不用副词)，且此时smell不能按汉语意思用被动语态，如不说The flowers smell well，也不说The flowers are smelt good。 smile n.[C]微笑：He told her the good news with a smile. 他微笑着告诉她好消息。/ She gave a shy smile. 她腼腆地笑一笑。vi. 微笑：He looked at me and smiled. 他望着我笑了。/ He smiled when he saw us. 他看到我们时露出微笑。/ Mark and Mandy smiled at each other. 马克和曼迪冲彼此笑了笑。/ He asked her what she was smiling at. 他问她笑什么。 smog n.[U]烟雾：A heavy smog was hanging low over the city. 浓雾低低地笼罩在该市的上空。/ Some big cities have a problem with smog.有些大城市有烟雾的问题。 【说明】smog=smoke(烟)+fog(雾)。 smoke n.[U]烟：The room was full of smoke. 满屋都是烟。/ I saw some smoke in the distance. 我看到远处有些烟。2.[C]抽烟：I like to have a smoke after dinner. 我喜欢饭后抽一支烟。v. 1.冒烟：The chimney is ornamental and never smokes. 那个烟囱是个装饰品，从来不冒烟。2.抽烟：He smokes a lot. 他抽烟很多。/ I never drink or smoke. 我从不喝酒抽烟。/ You can't smoke here. 你不能在这里抽烟。(本文摘自英语词汇网) |
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