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what的用法

 风吹茉莉 2016-03-15

一 . what 充当疑问代词,在句中作主语、宾语、表语或定语。例如:

What happened next? (主语)

后来发生了什么情况?

What's the best way to get there? (主语)

怎样去那儿最好?

What did you say? (宾语)你说什么?

What was she like? (宾语)她是什么样子?

Who are you? What are you? (表语)

你是谁?你是干什么的?

Now what is this? (表语)

那么,这是什么?

What colour are your curtains? (定语)

你的窗帘是什么颜色的?

What size shoes do you take? (定语)

你要多少号的鞋?

二 . what 用作关系代词,相当于 the thing (s) that / which ,引导主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句等, what 在从句中作主语、表语、宾语、介词宾语。例如:

Well, Mike, what is over is over. (引导主语从句,在从句中作主语)

迈克,过去的事就过去了。

What she saw ( = The thing she saw ) gave her a fright. (引导主语从句,在从句中作宾语)

她看到的情况吓了她一跳。

I want to tell you what I hear. (引导宾语从句,在从句中作宾语)

我想告诉你我听到的。

He gave a description of what he had seen. (引导宾语从句,在从句中作宾语)

他描述了他看到的情况。

Times aren't what they were. (引导表语从句,在从句中作表语)

时代不同了。

Your mother's health is not what it ought to be. (引导表语从句,在从句中作表语)

你母亲的健康状况不理想。

另外, what 还可引导从句作插入语。例如:

He went to the meeting and, what was worse, insisted on speaking.

他去参加了会议,更糟糕的是,还坚持要发言。

三 . what 引导感叹句。例如:

What a good heart you have!

你的心肠真好!

What a fine day it is!

今天天气多好呀!

What nonsense you talk!

你说什么糊涂话!

感叹句的主语、谓语有时可省略。例如:

Oh, What a beautiful picture!

噢,多漂亮的一幅画!

四 . what 用于固定结构中。

1. what about 意为“……怎么样?”。例如:

Of course I'll come. What about Friday?

我当然要来,星期五怎么样?

What about sending him a copy?

送你一本怎么样?

2. what if 意为“要是……怎么办?”或“即使……又有什么关系”。例如:

What if the weather is really bad?

要是天气真的不好怎么办?

What if he gets angry?

即使他生气又有什么关系?

3. what … look like ( is … like )意为“……是什么样子”。例如:

— What does it look like?

那东西是什么样子?

— It's small and square.

很小,方形的。

— What's her mother like?

她母亲是个什么样的人?

— Oh, she's quite nice.

噢,她非常和蔼。

4. what's more 意为“更重要的是;而且”。例如:

It's a useful book, and, what is more, not an expensive one.

这是一本有用的书,而且价钱也不贵。

We invited a new speaker and, what's more, he was happy to come.

我们邀请了一位新的演讲者,而且,他很乐意来。

5. what … for 意为“为何;为什么”。这一固定结构常用于口语中。例如:

What's that button for?

那个按钮是作什么用的?

What did you do that for?

你这样做干什么?

— I'm going to Shanghai.

我要去上海。

— What for?

去干什么?

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