中考考纲中主要考查副词在句子中的功能、副词比较级和最高级的构成及不规则变化。中考中高频考点为:副词的辨义;频度副词always, usually, sometimes, often, hardly, never 等的用法;比较级及修饰词等。卷面中副词所占分值约为1-3分,一般分布在单选、完型填空、短文填空、句子翻译及书面表达题中。 一 定义 副词是一种用来修饰动词、形容词、副词或全句的词,说明时间、地点、程度方式等概念。 二 分类 点击图片可放大查看导图 三 用法与位置 (一)用法副词作状语,修饰动词、形容词、副词、介词短语或句子。 (1)修饰动词 It’s raining heavily. (2)修饰形容词 I am quite busy now. (3)修饰其他副词 Don’t drive too fast. (4)修饰介词短语 —Where is the book? —Just on the desk. (5)修饰句子 Luckily , I passed the final exam. 【注】修饰句子的副词,一般放在句首。 副词作表语主要指主语的方位、方向、动作或状态.。如:in, out, on, back, down, up, off, away, upstairs等 eg. My father is out this morning, but he will be in this afternoon. 有些地点副词和时间副词可以作定语,放在所修饰的名词或代词之后。 eg. The people there were very friendly. 副词可以作主语或宾语的补足语,说明主语或宾语的状态。 eg.Bring him in. (二)位置1.通常放在被修饰的动词后面,如果动词有宾语,则要位于宾语之后。 eg. It’s dark. I can’t see the words on the blackboard clearly. 2.副词修饰形容词或副词时,通常放在形容词或副词的前面,只有enough例外,需要后置。 eg. He works very hard. eg. This girl is not old enough to go to school. (3)时间副词和地点副词在一个句中, 地点副词在前,时间副词在后。 eg. What were you doing in the classroom yesterday evening? 四 副词的比较级和最高级 副词比较级和最高级的构成规则:(1)单音节词和少数双音节词在词尾加-er/est hard - harder- hardest (2)以不发音的e结尾,直接加-r, -st close - closer- closest (3)以“辅音+y”结尾,变y为i,再加-er, -est early - earlier-earliest (4)多音节和部分双音节副词在原级前加more, most slowly – more slowly – most slowly carefully - more carefully – most carefully well-better-best badly-worse-worst much-more-most little-less-least far-farther/further-farthest/furthest 五 副词比较级和最高级的用法 (1)表示双方程度相同时,用:as+副词原级+as. He speaks English as well as a foreigner. (2)表示双方程度不相同时,用:not as/so+副词原级+as. Tom didn’t write as/so carefully as Mary. (3)表示倍数时,用“... times + as +副词原级+as “或 “...times +比较级+than” This car costs twice as much as that one. (1)副词比较级+ than. She got up much earlier today than yesterday. (2)表示“越来越......” 用“比较级+and +比较级” With the teacher’s help, I can speak English better and better. (3)表示“越......越......”, 用“the +比较级,the+ 比较级” The more I learn English, the more I enjoy studying English. 【注】比较级前可以用much, even, a lot, a little, a bit等词修饰。 副词最高级前可以不加定冠词the,后面可带of/in短语来说明比较范围。 【结构】(the)+最高级+ in/of 短语。 Who runs fastest of the three? 六 易混副词的用法及辨析 1.(2015,本溪)In China, it is a custom to give kids lucky money ,______ during the Spring Festival. A. finally B. hardly C. recently D. especially 2.(2015, 阜新)They all looked ______at me when I told them the good news. A. sadly B. angrily C. happily D. exactly 3.(2015, 营口) …There are plenty of reasons why a kid shouldn’t cheat(作弊), but some students do cheat. If that’s you, it’s ______too late to stop cheating. A. always B. never C. once D. often 4.(2015, 北京)I jumped ______than Bill in the sports meeting last year. A. high B. higher C. highest D. the highest 5.(2015, 沈阳)
Many modern British surnames(family names) go_______to the Vikings and Anglo-Saxons who ruled England for 300 years, until AD 1066. 1. D【解析】本题考查副词词义辨析。根据题意,“在中国,给孩子压岁钱是习俗,尤其是在春节的时候。”finally 意为“最终”;hardly 意为“几乎不”;recently 意为“最近”;especially意为“尤其”。 2. C【解析】本题考查副词词义辨析。Sadly意为“难过”;angrily意为“生气地”;happily意为“开心地”exactly 意为“确切地”。根据题干可知他们听到了好消息应该是开心地看着我。 3. B【解析】本题考查频度副词词义辨析。always意为“总是”;never 意为“从不”;once 意为“曾经”;often意为“经常”。It’s never too late to do sth. 意为“做某事永远不会太晚。 4. B【解析】本题考查副词的比较级。由下文than 可知应该用比较级。 5. back【解析】go back to 为固定用法,意为“追溯到”。 1.(2014, 湖南株洲模拟)I play basketball every day because I want to play as ______ as Yao Ming. A. well B. better C. best D. good 2.(2015,内蒙古呼和浩特模拟)Can you pass my glasses to me, Betty? I can _______ see the words on the blackboard. A. nearly B. hard C. ever D. hardly 3.(2013,广东梅州)The dining hall is_______to hold 300 people. A. enough big B. enough well C. small enough D. big enough 4. (2015,苏州)We arrived _______ late that there were no seats left. A. much B. too C. so D. very 5.(2015,本溪)
……We had to walk home. We knew it would take us two hours to get home on foot, and we were so tired. But what _______ could take us home? 1.A【解析】本题考查副词比较等级。as……as是同级比较,中间要用形容词或副词的原级。play是行为动词,要用副词来修饰故选A。 2.D 【解析】nearly 意为“几乎、将近”;hard表示“努力地、猛烈地、紧紧地”;ever 意为“曾经”;hardly主要表示“几乎不”。 3.D【解析】句意:这个餐厅足够大能容纳300人。副词enough 修饰形容词时,enough后置。 4. C【解析】考查so … that …的用法,由关键词that判定应选C。 5. else 【解析】what else 意为“还有什么”,根据题意,我们只能走回家,虽然知道要两个小时,但是还有什么能带我们回家呢。 张小磊 阜新市阜蒙县第二初级中学中学高级教师。阜新市第四届“教学标兵”大赛一等奖;2015年阜新市中考命题教师;2014年阜新市名师讲堂微课程优质课。 吴彬彬 阜新市铁路中学教师,撰写国家级省市级论文,多次获省市优秀课,多次参加市区级教学竞赛,教学设计省一等奖。 辽宁省阜蒙县第二初级中学始建于2008年,由原国英中学和原第三中学合并而成。学校现有36个教学班,在校生2038名,在职教师184名,其中,高级职称教师126名,省市级优秀教师12人。学校先后荣获国家级教育教学质量管理先进单位、辽宁省标准化学校建设示范校等荣誉60多项。 阜新市铁路中学是一所初、高中合一的普通完全中学。学校坚持全面落实科学发展观、全面贯彻教育方针、全面实施素质教育、全面提高教育质量的办学思想和'人本办校、依法治校、质量强校、特色兴校'的办学理念,学校管理科学规范、教学质量不断提高。 |
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