第8期 王思倩等:下沉式日光温室南侧边际区域土壤温度变化特征 239 3 结 论 对下沉式日光温室内距南立面0~5 m(深度0.1 m)和温室外距南立面0~1 m(深度0~60 cm)范围内的土壤温度进行实测,得出如下结论: 1)在最冷的1月,温室内南侧土壤边际区域效应界点距南立面160 cm处,在3月下旬仅距南立面为20 cm;1月中旬,1 d内温室内南侧土壤边际效应界点与南立面的最远距离为180 cm,最近距离为60 cm,界点出现的时段分别为≥03:00~09:00、≥15:00~18:00。与非下沉式日光温室的南侧边际效应区域研究相对比,边际效应区域明显缩小。可见下沉式日光温室通过一定的下沉深度,在温室南侧边际区域形成了一个外界环境、室内环境以及南立面三者之间的相互作用区,使温室南侧的土壤边际区域明显缩小,大幅降低边际效应对边际作物的不良影响。提高了日光温室的利用率和作物的产量,充分显现出了下沉式日光温室的优越性。 2)温室外距南立面0~30 cm处深度为40 cm的土壤温度日变化幅度较大,室外距南立面40~100 cm范围内深度为40 cm的土壤温度日变化均较稳定;冬季温度较 温室外距南立面1 m处不同深度的土层除表层土壤低时, 受外界环境影响波动剧烈外,其他深度土层日变化均不大。可见温室南侧的下挖土层通过与温室内部、外界、南立面三者之间的相互作用,在垂直南立面和垂直地表方向上均存在温度的相对稳定界面,不仅对于冷空气的直接进入起到了一定的阻隔作用,降低了温室昼夜温差、减弱了边际效应,而且利用深层土壤的地热资源有效提高了室温,节约了成本和能源。相较非下沉式日光温室显现出了优越性。 [参 考 文 献] [1] 张峰,张林华. 下沉式日光温室土质墙体的保温蓄热性能 [J]. 可再生能源,2009,27(3):18-20. Zhang Feng, Zhang Linhua. Experimental research on cob wall’s insulation and heat preservation performance of sunken greenhous[J]. Renewable Energy Resources, 2009, 27(3): 18-20. (in Chinese with English abstract) [2] 陈杰,杨祥龙,周胜军,等. 中国设施园艺研究现状与发 展[J]. 中国农学通报,2005,21(1):236-238. Chen Jie, Yang Xianglong, Zhou Shengjun, et al. The current situations and development tendency of greenhouse in china[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2005, 21(1): 236-238. (in Chinese with English abstract) [3] 邹志荣,李建明,王乃彪,等. 日光温室温度变化与热量 状态分析[J]. 西北农业学报,1997,6(1):58-60. Zou Zhirong, Li Jianming, Wang Naibiao, et al. Analyse on variations of temperature and quantity of heat in solar greenhouse[J]. Acta Agriculturae Boreali-occidentalis Sinica, 1997, 6(1): 58-60. (in Chinese with English abstract) [4] 刘在民. 节能型日光温室温光性能优化及其应用效果研究 [D]. 哈尔滨,东北农业大学,2007,1-6. Liu Zaimin. The Performance Optimization on the Temperature and Light of the Greenhouse and the Research on its Application Effecticeness[D]. Harbin, Dongbei Agricultural University, 2007, 1-6. (in Chinese with English abstract) [5] 孟力力,杨其长,Gerard P A Bot,等. 日光温室热环境模 拟模型的构建[J]. 农业工程学报,2009,25(1):164-170. Meng Lili, YangQichang, Gerard P A Bot, et a1. Visual simulation model for thermal environment in Chinese solar greenhouse[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering (Transactions of the CSAE), 2009, 25(1): 164-170. (in Chinese with English abstract) [6] 陈秋全,杨光勇,刘及东. 北方高寒地区高效节能型日光温室优化设计[J]. 内蒙古民族大学学报,2003,18(3):257-259. Chen Qiuquan, Yang Guangyong, Liu Jidong. Optimization design of high-efficiency and energy-saving sunlight greenhouse in north high-cool region[J]. Journal of Inner Mongolia University for Nationalities, 2003, 18(3): 257-259. (in Chinese with English abstract) [7] 佟国红,王铁良,白义奎,等. 日光温室墙体传热特性的研究[J]. 农业工程学报,2003,19 (3):186-189. Tong Guohong, Wang Tieliang, Bai Yikui, et al. Heat transfer property of wall in solar greenhouse[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering (Transactions of the CSAE), 2003, 19(3): 186-189. (in Chinese with English abstract) [8] 白青,张亚红,刘佳梅. 日光温室土质墙体内温度与室内气 温的测定分析[J]. 西北农业学报,2009,18(6):332-337. Bai Qing, Zhang Yahong, Liu Jiamei. Determination and analysis of the temperature in soil wall and solar greenhouse[J]. Acta Agriculturae Boreali-occidentalis Sinica, 2009, 18(6): 332-337. (in Chinese with English abstract) [9] 杨建军,邹志荣,张智,等. 西北地区日光温室土墙厚度及 其保温性的优化[J]. 农业工程学报,2009,25(8):180-185. Yang Jianjun, Zou Zhirong, Zhang Zhi, et a1. Optimization of earth wall thickness and thermal insulation property of solar greenhouse in Northwest China[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering (Transactions of the CSAE), 2009, 25(8): 180一185. (in Chinese with English abstract) [10] 罗中岭,徐师华. 国外温室小气候环境及控制模式[J]. 中国农业气象,1993,14(5):48-50. Luo Zhongling, Xu Shihua. Control mode and climate environment of foreign greenhouse[J]. Chinese Journal of Agrometeorology, 1993, 14(5): 48-50. (in Chinese with English abstract) [11] 陈端生,郑海山,刘步洲. 日光温室气象环境综合研究: 墙体、覆盖物热效应研究初报[J]. 农业工程学报,1990,6(2):77-81. Chen Duansheng, Zheng Haishan, Liu Buzhou. Comprehensive study on the meteorological environment of the sunlight greenhouse: Preliminary study on the thermal effect of the wall body and covering materials[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering (Transactions of the CSAE), 1990, 6(2): 77-81. (in Chinese with English abstract) [12] 李有,张述景,王谦,等. 日光温室采光面三效率计算模式 及其优化选择研究[J]. 生物数学学报,2001,16(2):198-203. |
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