肺动脉高压(Pulmonary hypertension,PH)是临床中常见的疾病,多由肺血管疾病、肺部或左心疾病、肺栓塞等引起。在各种肺动脉高压的病因中,又以左心功能衰竭(left ventricular heart failure)相关的肺动脉高压最为常见。左心疾病所致的肺动脉高压(Pulmonary hypertension due to left heart disease,PH-LHD)约占所有肺动脉高压患者的65%~80%[1]。另一方面,左心功能衰竭患者出现肺动脉高压和右心功能不全,对疾病的进展、预后及死亡率有着重要的影响。因此,心力衰竭合并肺动脉高压应引起心血管医师的足够重视。心力衰竭合并肺动脉高压时存在何种心肺相互作用的病理生理机制,肺动脉高压与心力衰竭合并肺动脉高压如何鉴别,肺动脉高压的特异性治疗药物是否适用于心力衰竭合并肺动脉高压,带着这些思考我们在下文中对心力衰竭合并肺动脉高压的诊治作一初步的探讨。 一、左心疾病所致的肺动脉高压的 定义及其病理生理机制
二、心力衰竭合并肺动脉高压的诊断
三、心力衰竭合并肺动脉高压的治疗 1. 针对左心功能衰竭的治疗
2. PH的特异性药物治疗
四、总结与展望
[1] Rosenkranz S, Gibbs JS, Wachter R, et al.Left ventricular heart failure and pulmonary hypertension.Eur Heart J. 2016;37:942-54. [2] Galie` N, Humbert M, Vachiery JL, et al. 2015 ESC/ERS Guidelines for the diagnosisand treatment of pulmonary hypertension: The Joint Task Force for the Diagnosisand Treatment of Pulmonary Hypertension of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) and the European Respiratory Society (ERS).Eur Heart J 2015;37:67-119. [3] Vachiery JL, Adir Y, Barbera JA, et al. Pulmonary hypertension due to left heart diseases. J Am CollCardiol2013;62(Suppl D):D100–D108. [4] Gerges C, Gerges M, Lang MB, et al. Diastolic pulmonary vascular pressure gradient: a predictor of prognosis in“out-of-proportion”pulmonary hypertension. Chest 2013;143:758–766. [5] Whitlow PL, Feldman T, Pedersen WR,et al. EVEREST II Investigators. Acute and 12 monthresults of catheter-based mitral valve leaflet repair: EVEREST II high risk study. J AmCollCardiol 2012;59:130–139. [6] Adamson PB, Abraham WT, BourgeRC,et al. Wireless pulmonary artery pressure monitoringguides management to reduce decompensation in heart failure with preservedejection fraction. Circ Heart Fail 2014;7:935–944. [7] Redfield MM, Chen HH, Borlaug BA, etal . Effect of phosphodiesterase-5 inhibition on exercisecapacity and clinical status in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction: arandomized clinical trial. JAMA 2013;309:1268–1277. [8] Hoendermis ES, Liu LCY, Hummel YM, et al. Effects of sildenafil on invasive hemodynamics andexercise capacity in heart failure patients with preserved ejection fraction andpulmonary hypertension: A randomized controlled trial. Eur Heart J 2015;36:2565–2573. [9] Bonderman D, Ghio S, Felix SB, et al.Riociguat for patients with pulmonary hypertension caused by systolic left ventriculardysfunction: A phase IIb double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, doseranginghemodynamic study. Circulation 2013;128:502–511. 医 师 简 介 赵 燕 主任医师、教授、硕士生导师 云南省第一人民医院心血管内科行政副主任,云南省医师协会心力衰竭分会主任委员,云南省女医师协会心血管分会副主任委员,亚太联盟心脏结构分会第一届全国委员,云南省医师协会心血管分会常委,省一院“神华爱心基金”、“爱佑童心”救助基金项目组专家,云南省第一人民医院心内科先心病介入治疗组组长。从事心血管内科临床工作20余年,多项科技成果获云南省科技进步三等奖,精通各类高血压、冠心病、心衰、心律失常的诊疗及各类心血管突发危急重症的抢救。 |
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