 X不定代词主要有： 不定代词 意义 不定代词 意义 不定代词 意义 all 全体，全部 each 每个 many 许多 both 两个都 every 每个 much 许多 either 任意一个 neither 两个都不 none 没有一个 some 一些 any 一些，任何 little 几乎没有 another 另外一个 other 另外的人或物 few 几乎没有 复合不定代词有： someone 某人 somebody 某人 something 某事 anyone 任何人 anybody 任何人 anything 任何事 everyone 每人 everybody 每人 everything 一切 no one 没有 人
nobody 没有人 nothing 没什么 【说明】somebody与someone同义，均表示“某人”；anyone与anybody同义，均表示“任何人”；everyone与everybody同义，均表示“每人”。 一、与“没有，都不”有关的不定代词：none, no one, no, neither 1. none和no one都表示“三者或三者以上没有一个”。 none no one ① 既可指人也可以指物 只能指人，不能指物 ② 常与of短语连用 不能与of短语连用 ③ 作主语，谓语动词用单复数都行 作主语，谓语动词用单数 ④ 否定回答以How much / How many开头的疑问句 否定回答以Who开头的疑问句 ________ (None / No one) of them passed the exam. (作主语) I’ve read ________ (none / no one) of the books. (作宾语) ________ (None / No one) in our class likes listening to thatstory. No one knows the answer ________ (of / to) the question. —How many people are there in the room? —____________(一个也没有). —Who went there yesterday? —____________ (没有人). 2. no是形容词性不定代词，只能作定语修饰可数或不可数名词，相当于“not a / an + n.”或“not any + n.”。例如： I have no money. = I do not have ________ money. There is no bird in the tree. = There is not ________ bird in thetree. 3.neither表示“两个之中任何一个都不”，可作主语，宾语和定语。neither作主语时，谓语动词往往用单数形式。例如： They __________ (邀请) Mary and Ann, but neither of them came to theparty. (作主语) The bus can stop on neither ________ (边) of the road. (作定语) 二、与“一个”有关的不定代词：it, one, that, either, any it意为“它”，指代上文提到过的同一个单数名词。one意为“一个”，指代上文提到过的单数名词中的同类名词，其复数形式为ones。 两者进行比较，为了避免重复，that用来替代上文中的可数名词单数(相当于theone)或不可数名词；those用来替代上文中的可数名词复数。 either表示“两个中的任意一个”。any用于肯定句时，表示“多个中的任何一个”。例如： This is my cat. Do you like ________? 这是我的猫。喜欢它吗？ This book is much more interesting than that ________.这本书比那一本有趣得多。 The book you borrowed is the same as ________ I bought.你借的书和我买的一样。 They’re both good. You can take ________ of them.这两个都不错。你可以买任一个。 The apples on the table are bigger than ________ on the floor.桌子上的苹果比地上的大。 The weather in Hubei is warmer than ________ in Shaanxi.湖北的天气比陕西的更温暖。 He doesn’t want the small apples; he wants the big ________.他不想要这些小苹果；他想要那些大的。 I have many interesting books. You can borrow ________ if you like.我有许多有趣的书。你可以借任一本。 三、与“每一个”有关的不定代词：every, each every的意思是“每一个”、“一切”，它只具有形容词的性质，在句中只能作定语。它用于修饰可数名词的单数形式，所描述的对象是两个以上(两个用each)。 each的意思是“每一个”，具有名词和形容词的性质，在句中可作主语、宾语、定语和同位语等，可以指人也可以指物，描述对象为两个或两个以上。作定语时，修饰可数名词的单数形式。与every相比，each强调个别性，every着重整体性。此外，each可以和of连用，而every则不能直接接of，但eachof… = every one of…。例如： ________ of us has a story book. 我们每一个人都有一本故事书。(作主语) They ________ have a dictionary. 他们每人都有一本词典。(作同位语) He gave us two apples ________. 他给我们每人两个苹果。(作同位语) The teacher gave one book to ________ of the students.老师给了每个学生一本书。(作宾语) ________ child can receive a present today.每个孩子今天都可以收到一份礼物。(作定语) 四、与“都，所有”有关的不定代词：both, all both指两个人或物，而all指三个或三个以上的人或物；两者都可作主语、定语、宾语、表语和同位语。例如： ________ of the girls in our class are good at English.我们班所有女生都擅长英语。(作主语) Father will take ________ of the children to the park.爸爸将要带两个孩子去公园。(作宾语) They ________ like their new teacher. 他们都喜欢他们的新老师。(作同位语) 【注意】all可与单数或不可数名词连用，both只能和复数名词连用。例如： The old man has lived here ________ his life. 老人已经在这里住了一辈子了。 She has spent ________ the money on the books.她已经把她所有的钱都花在书上了。 六、与“一些”有关的不定代词：some, any some和any是表示不定数量的代词，意为“一些”，都具有名词和形容词的性质，在句中可作主语、宾语和定语。作定语时，所修饰的是可数名词复数或不可数名词。两者具体解析如下： 1. 一般情况下，some用于肯定句，any多用于否定句、疑问句以及由if引导的条件状语从句中。 2. some有时可以用来修饰可数名词的单数，表示“某一个”。 3. some有时可用于疑问句，表示征求(对方的)意见，希望得到对方的肯定回答，多用于提建议的句型如Would youlike…，Why not…，What / How about…等句型中。 4. any也可用于肯定句中，表示“任何一个”，其后接可数名词的单数。anyother用于肯定句中，表示“其余的任何一个”，其后接可数名词的单数。例如： If you have no paper, I’ll give you ________.如果你没有纸，我给你一些。(作宾语) If you have ________, give me ________. 如有你有，就给我们一些。(作宾语) He asked me ________ questions. 他问了我几个问题。(作定语) Are there ________ students in the classroom? 教室里有学生吗？(作定语) ________ of us are going by bike. 我们中有些人骑车去。(作主语) Is there ________ left? 还有没有剩下的？(作主语) Why not buy ________ flowers for her? 为什么不给她买一些花儿呢？ ________ person is waiting for you at the gate. 有一个人在门外等你。 Take ________ book if you like. 你喜欢哪本书就拿哪本。 China is larger than ________ country in Africa.中国比非洲的任何一个国家都大。 五、与“别的”有关的不定代词：another, other, others, the other, the others,else another指三者或三者以上的另外一个，作定语修饰名词，可以单独用作主语或宾语。此外，another two = twomore，表示“再来两个”。 other后接可数名词复数，相当于others，意为“其余的(并非全部)”。 the other后接可数名词复数，相当于the others，意为“其余的(全部)”。此外，theother还可用于表示两者之中的另一个，即one… the other…。 else意为“别的”，往往放在复合不定代词或疑问词之后。例如： I don’t want to buy anything ________. 我不想买别的了。 Do you have any________ ideas? 你有没有别的想法？(作定语) May I ask you ________ three questions? 我还可以问你三个问题吗？ I don’t like this jacket. Can you show me ________?我不喜欢这件夹克，能让我再看一件吗？(作宾语) I have two books. One is Chinese, ________ is English.我有两本书。一本是中文的，另一本是英文的。(作主语) What ________ can you see in the picture? = What ________ thingscan you see in the picture? 你还能在图片中看到什么？ There are thirty men teachers in our school, ________ are womenteachers. 我们学校有30名男老师，其余的是女老师。 After class, some students are playing basketball, ________ areplaying table tennis. 下课后，一些学生打篮球，另外一些在打乒乓球。 七、表示“数量多少”的不定代词：(a) few, (a) little, many, much many和 (a) few修饰可数名词复数，much和 (a) little 修饰不可数名词，都可作主语、宾语或定语。a few和alittle表示肯定，意为“有几个/一点儿”；few和little表示否定，意为“几乎没有”；many和much意为“许多”。例如： Only ________ of them want to go. 他们中只有几个人想去。(作主语) There is ________ water in the bottle. 瓶子里几乎没有水了。(作定语) There is ________ to be done about it. 对于这件事没什么可做的。(作主语) ________ of the problems have been solved. 很多问题已经被解决了。(作主语) They have finished ________ of the work. 他们已经完成了很多工作。(作宾语) Only ________ people can solve this problem.只有几个人能解决这个问题。(作定语) You mean bananas? They have ________ left.你是说香蕉？他们几乎没有了。(作宾语) 八、由some-, any-, no-, every-, 与-thing, -body, -one构成的复合不定代词： someone, anyone, somebody, anybody等复合不定代词都可作主语，宾语或表语。someone,something, somebody一般用于肯定句；anyone, anything,anybody一般用于否定句和疑问句，当它们用于否定句时，相当于no one,nothing和nobody。当not和every-连用时，表部分否定；若表全部否定，则改为no-。例如： ________ is looking for you outside. 有人在外边找你呢。 There is ________ but a glass of water here. 这里只剩下一杯水了。 Not ________ in this room is round. 这间屋子里并非每个东西都是圆的。 I don’t think there is ________ important in today’s newspaper.我认为今天的报纸上没有什么新的内容。 The question is so easy that ________ in our class can answer iteasily. 这个问题如此地简单以致于我们班任何人都能轻易地答出来。 2015年中考有关不定代词的考查 1. (福建安溪) —Would you like some pear juice? —Yes, please. It’s my favorite. I think ________ is more deliciousthan pear juice. A. something B. anything C. nothing D. everything 2. (福州) —It snowed heavily last night. Is everyone heretoday? —Yes, and ________ of us was late for school this morning. A. either B. neither C. none D. no one 3. (杭州) Unfortunately I was sitting at the table with smokers on________ side of me. A. either B. both C. other D. all 4. (重庆B卷) I always believe that ________ is difficult if we try ourbest to do it. A. something B. anything C. everything D. nothing 5. (四川宜宾) There are enough cups for each visitor to have________. A. one B. it C. this D. that 6. (山东滨州) —I still want to drink something. May I have ________ cupof juice? —Certainly. Here you are. A. other B. more C. another D. else 7. (海南) The weather in Hainan is quite different from ________ ofHeilongjiang. A. it B. one C. this D. that 8. (浙江温州) —Mom, what would you like, coffee or tea? —________. Justwater, please. A. Either B. Both C. Neither D. None 9. (山东泰安）My hometown is becoming more and more beautiful with treesand flowers on ________ sides of the road. A. all B. both C. neither D. either 10. (江西) Our teacher was very happy because ________ failed theexamination. A. somebody B. nobody C. anybody D. everybody 11. (山东烟台) When our teacher heard of the news, he was too angry tosay ________. A. everything B. nothing C. something D. anything 12. (贵州铜仁) Come here, I’ll tell you ________ about your study. —OK,we’re coming. A. anything important B. something important C. important anything D. important something 13. (广东汕尾) — Do you need an apple or a pear? —________, I reallydon’t mind. A. Both B. None C. Either D. Neither 14. (江苏盐城) —Wow, so many new buildings! But it used to be a poorvillage. —Yes. ________ has changed in our hometown. A. Nothing B. Nobody C. Everything D. Everybody 15. (山东东营) —Which way do you prefer, reading online or reading onpaper? —________. Sometimes I read online, sometimes I read onpaper. A. Both B. None C. Either D. Neither 16. (山东临沂) I tried two bookshops for the dictionary I wanted, but________of them had it. A. either B. both C. neither D. none 17. (湖北荆门) —Mike, have you ever been to the Water Park with yoursisters? —________ of us has. We’ll plan to go there together thisweekend. A. Neither B. None C. All D. Both 18. (贵州遵义) Of the three reading rooms, one is near, ________ twoare far. A. other B. the others C. the other D. another 19. (辽宁丹东) I bought a smart phone (智能手机) yesterday, and it workswell, would you like to buy ________ like this? A. it B. this C. one D. that 20. (江苏淮安) —Is there ________ in today’s newspaper? —Yes, quite alot. A. anything interesting B. something interesting C. interesting anything D. interesting something 21. (湖北宜昌) —Have you watched the TV report about MERS? —Yes, it’s _________ new dangerous disease. A. the other B. another C. others D. other 22. (辽宁营口) —Do you know Lily and Lucy? —Yes, but the twins look so similar that I always mistake one for________. A. the other B. the others C. another D. other 23. (广西贵港) —What’s in your box? —There’s ________ in it. It’sempty. A. everything B. something C. anything D. nothing 24. (安徽) We can’t do it that way—but whether it will work is________ matter. A. other B. another C. each D. every 25. (广东) Hurry up, kids! The school bus is coming. We have ________time left. A. few B. a few C. little D. a little 26. (湖北武汉) —The East Lake is not far from the Yellow Crane Tower,so you can easily visit ________ in a day. —Fantastic! I can’t wait for it. A. none B. both C. all D. either 27. (四川资阳) —Would you like some more noodles, Celia? —Yes, just ________, please. A. a few B. few C. a little D. little 28. (济南市) The children ________ received a bag and somepencils. A. each B. every C. each one D. every one 29. (湖南长沙) There is ________ wrong with my back and it hurtsseriously. A. anything B. something C. nothing D. everything 30. (山东菏泽) —Who taught Zhu Zhiwen to sing? —________! He learned singing by himself. A. Everybody B. Somebody C. Nobody D. Anybody 参考答案 2015年中考有关不定代词的考查 1-5. CCADA 6-10. CDCBB 11-15. DBCCA 16-20. CBCCA 21-25. BADBC 26-30. BAABC |
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