北京161中学回龙观学校

kikichan1995 2016-05-11

展开全文

学校外观 facade

背景Background

北京一六一中学回龙观学校位于北京市北五环外的昌平区回龙观镇，项目历时五年的设计与建造，于2015年10月23日正式投入使用。作为北京市旧城保护定向安置的重要利民工程，这所学校对北京市旧城市民的疏解和外城区域的良性开发起着积极的作用。

Located in Huilongguan town, Changping district, outside Beijing’s north fifth ring road, Beijing No.161 High school Huilongguan school was put into use in October 23, 2015, after five years design and construction.

As an important people-benefiting project, the construction of the school not only contributes to the progress of the relocation of the growing population in the old city to the new town, but also promotes healthier suburban development.

学校外观 facade

体育馆入口 entrance of gym

语境 Context

北京一六一中学回龙观学校肩负着为向外迁移的旧城市民提供优质教育资源的使命，需要设计体现当下教育更加开放与可持续性的理念与趋势。

项目选址于高密度的居住开发区中，周边高楼林立的状态迫使校园成为 “孤岛”。为了应对这种高压环境、突破单一居住功能的局限性，学校应该同时具有面向城市的校园归属感和学校自身的开放性。

Aiming to bridge the educational gap between inner city and suburban area, the school is considered to provide high quality education to the residents. Therefore, the design concept should fit with current educational trend, that is , be more open and self-sustainable.

Situated in high density residential zone and surrounded by high-rise buildings, the campus seems to become an ‘isolated island’. Therefore, the school should have enough inner strength to cope with the pressure created by the high density environment and appropriate openness to break through the limitation of mono-functional suburban living quarters.

鸟瞰图 airviews

策略Strategies

空间布局Layout

场地形态限定了校园基本的活动场地与建筑群的基本空间关系，即安排在西侧的400m运动场和东侧的教学建筑。选取“围合式院落”作为空间设计的原型——传统的院落空间在面对城市具有的内向性和面对自身具有的互动性方面与这个项目希望达成的愿景是相似的，形成由两栋教学建筑围合形成的矩形庭院式校园空间。

The site limits the basic organization of spaces——400m playground on the west with teaching buildings on the east.The space prototype is driven from traditional enclosed courtyard, in winch, we can find strong sense of introversion when it comes to the relationship with outside city, and at the same time, active interaction inside the space. Similarly, in this project, two teaching buildings form a courtyard space.

我们将一些具有校园现实意义的功能空间与校园中央庭院空间进行了整合，这其中包含了下沉的露天剧场、绿色的庭院、交往的廊道、开放的活动平台、共享的活动空间等内容。这些内容与中央庭院交织在一起，一方面丰富了院落的空间尺度，另一方面，它们相互呼应，共同构成了这所校园“看与被看”的开放性的公共空间底景。整个校园的功能空间围绕这个开放式的中央庭院空间展开，师生在校园的任何区域都能清晰的感受到校园核心公共空间的存在，并随时与之发生着互动。

The courtyard space is combined with various substantial functions, such as open-air theatre, green gardens, open platforms and shared corridors. These elements are working together to make a lively core area in the campus. they not only enrich the space level, but also encourage multi-sensory interactions among different activities, between people and environment.

总平面图 site plan

围合的院落 courtyard

下沉庭院 sunken garden

互动的公共空间 interactive space

功能组织 Function Organization

将更具有公共性的教学空间（运动空间、图书馆、餐厅、合班教室等）安排与庭院更为接近的区域（建筑的首层、二层和地下一层），它们与变化的院落空间一起共同构成了校园的开放空间系统，这个系统通透而具有互动性，不同的校园公共活动在这里相互影响，互相促进。单元化的教学组团被安排在二层的局部和三层以上的区域，相对宁静，这些教学单元在视线上与中央的开放式庭院进行着最大可能的连接，使整个校园成为一个可以随时发生联系的整体。

The basic principles of function organization is to arrange the more public function closer to the courtyard. Gymnasium, auditorium, library, canteen and shared classrooms are arranged to the lower parts, becoming parts of the open space system, in which various activities take place and promote each other.

In the other hand, the rigid programs such as classrooms, labs and administrations are set in the upper parts, relatively quiet while visually connecting to the courtyard.

首层平面 1st floor

开放的屋顶活动空间 roof garden

与城市的对话 Interaction between campus and city

在面对周边高密度的城市方面，这所学校不是完全封闭的，回避城市的繁杂不是一个当代校园面对城市问题应有的姿态，这个校园需要与周边高密度的环境进行对话，但需要是适度的，它需要感受城市的存在，也应保持自身独有的校园特征。设计通过建筑形态和空间的变化，在校园中建立了两条校园与城市连接的空间系统，这两条系统通过一些可达的路径（或是空间的、或是视线的），使校园与城市产生了互动，这种互动具有一定的内敛性，城市与校园之间既相互感受各自的存在，又保持各自的属性。

Instead of completely cutting off from the high-rise surroundings, we chose a positive way to face the pressure, that is to make the campus communicate with the multifarious surroundings, to an appropriate extent.

We create two spatial systems to link the campus and the city. The systems provide several visual or spatial connections between the school and the urban environment, though which they can feel each other while maintain their respective properties.

城市与校园的视线通道route between campus and city

建筑与操场开放空间space between playground and building

校园与城市连接的庭院garden between campus and city

材料Materials

由于北京市教委明确了北京市中小学建筑不能使用面砖类易发生脱落的材料，因此这个学校在建筑材料的选择上没有使用那些具有特殊表现力的材料，朴素的褐红色涂料呼应了周边高密度居住区的场所感。在建筑具有公共性的首二层和地下庭院区域，外墙采用了相对明快的灰白色，界定了空间上的不同区域所代表的场所属性，另外一些明快的色彩也被穿插使用在了具有标示意义的灰空间中，一方面提示了空间的重要性，另一方面也为校园带来了青春气息。

In accordance with the government’s requirement, we avoid to use materials that are expressive but easily falling off, such as brick and stone veneer. As a result, we chose to use more simple, natural and durable materials, such as painting and wood.

We use unadorned red-brown painting to respond to the context of the high density zone, and bright-white painting to identify the public properties of lower parts.

Inside the campus, vivid colorful elements are used as a guide to different functional units. They symbolize the characteristics and importance of each space, and bring the school some vigor of youth.

建筑外观 facade

色彩导视空间space with color

绿色与可持续 Sustainability

由于校园用地有限，大量的学校使用空间需要安排在地下。如何在创造校园开放空间的同时为这些空间提供足够的光照，对于师生在这些场所中的活动都具有非常积极的意义。设计通过下沉庭院、共享空间和不同类型窗的处理，将变化的光线融入到校园空间的塑造中，通过营造空间的连贯性和光线的引入，将地下空间和地上空间自然的衔接在一起，让身处其中的师生始终沐浴在洒满阳光的校园空间当中。

It is necessary to make a good use of underground space to cope with the limitation of the site. And it is a challenge to provide enough light to the underground functions. As a solution, natural light is brought into the underground through the sinking courtyard, the shared open spaces and the specially designed windows. Light is one of the important elements in this design, and it is a bridge to link the underground and the open space up the ground.

洒满阳光的交通空间 transportaition space with light

明亮的地下活动空间 open space in basement

剖面分析 section diagram

互动的公共空间 interactive space

洒满阳光的交通空间 transportaition space with light

室内游泳馆swimming pool

洒满阳光的游泳馆 swimming pool with light

体育馆gym

天光的报告厅 lecture hall with light

美术教室 art room

其他图纸 drawings