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语法轻松学-3-【倒装】

 雅柠 2016-05-24

 

话入正题。很多同学来信咨询语法,但很少有人提及倒装这个语法。倒装听起来是个很吓人的语法,但其实就是一个paper tiger。想要了解倒装,不要马上去看倒装的分类,先踏踏实实了解一下倒装结构的组成,非常有用!

 

倒装句至少包含两个部分:强调部分+倒装部分

强调部分(本不在句首的成分提前到了句首,表示强调)
倒装部分(一部分谓语动词或者全部的谓语动词提前到主语的前面,所以装倒了)

 

例如:Nothing is impossible.  

变成 Impossible is nothing.

         强调部分     倒装部分

    (眼熟吧,Adidas的广告语。)

切记:没有强调部分提前到句首,是不可能引发倒装部分的

 

补充说明一下。英语的倒装应该和汉语的倒装区分开来。在汉语中只要语序不正常就基本被称为倒装,但在英语中必须先明确:只有谓语动词成分(可以是部分谓语也可以是全部谓语)提前到主语前面,才能称之为倒装如果有强调部分放到句首,打乱了整个句子语序,但同时谓语动词原封未动,并未发生提前到主语前面的现象,那么这样的句子也不能称为倒装句。所以,有强调部分提前到句首,不一定就能引发倒装(稍后会有好几个这样的例子)

 

现在开始讲倒装分类

a.完全倒装(谓语动词的全部都提到了主语的前面)

b.部分倒装(谓语动词中的一部分,主要是动词、或情态动词、或助动词提到了主语的前面,此类提前的规则就跟最初学一般疑问句,谓语动词要有一部分提到句首的规则一样,稍后会有例子讲解。)

 

a. 当强调部分(也就是提前到句首的部分)是地点状语(例如here, in the room),

nowthen的时候,引发完全倒装。

 

完全倒装的例句:

1.  The bus comes here. 变成 Here comes the bus.

其中here是强调部分,comes the bus是倒装部分。

小扩展:如果主语是代词,则只强调,不倒装。例如Here it comes.
2. A boy stands under the tree.变成Under the tree stands a boy.

其中under the tree是强调部分,stands a boy是倒装部分。

小提示:你不知道啥是地点状语也没关系,只要知道是表示地点的词或词组放到句首了,就要留意后面的完全倒装结构。


b.当强调部分(也就是提前到句首的部分)是否定词,soonly结构的时候,引发部分倒装。

其中否定词包括:no, not, never, rarely, barely, hardly,little, few, seldom, scarcely,no sooner…… than, hardly…when, not only等这些否定词如果认识就不用特意去背,只要记住:意思是否定的,而且放到句首的单词,就能引发部分倒装。

 

部分倒装的例句(同时了解一下谓语是如何部分提前的):

1. He was never satisfied with me. -->  Never was he satisfied with me.

2.  He can never go there.  -->   Never can he go there.

3. He will never go there.  -->  Never will he go there.

4. He never plays football. --> Never does he play football.


 

so还有一个用法。so(表示肯定) neithernor(表示否定)引导部分倒装,表示与之前提过的主体同样是,或者同样不是。

例句:

A:I agree with Tom.   

B: So do I.(我也同意Tom)


A: I don't agree with Tom.   

B: Neither (Nor) do I. (我也不同意Tom)

 

所以,so提到句首,表示另一主题也如此时,要引发部分倒装。
但是,so提到句首,表示随声附和的时候,不引发倒装。

辨别例句:

A: Tom is a good boy.

B. So am I. (我也是个好男孩)--- 另一主题也如此

A: Tom is a good boy.

B: So he is.(他确实是个好男孩)--- 随声附和

到此,主流的两个倒装结构讲完了。接着讲让很多语法书和英语老师难堪的as结构。在高考英语中,as7种意思,其中当“虽然”或“尽管”讲的时候,会引发倒装结构。我们先看看as是如何引发倒装结构的。

 

1. 名词提前到句首。

原句:Although he is a child, he knows a lot about Chinese history.

倒装句:Child as he is, he knows a lot about Chinese history.

他虽是个孩子,但却知道很多中国历史。

要特别注意:倒装句中位于句首的名词前不用冠词,即使其前有形容词修饰也不用冠词。

2. 形容词提前到句首。

原句:Although he is successful, he is not proud. 

倒装句:Successful as he is, he is not proud.

他虽然成功,但不骄傲。

3. 副词提前到句首。

原句:Although you read fast, you can’t finish the book in two days.

倒装句:Fast as you read, you can’t finish the book in two days.

尽管你读得很快,但你不可能在两天之内就读完这本书。

4. 动词提前到句首。

原句①:Although we may dislike him, we must acknowledge his greatness.

倒装句①:Dislike him as we may, we must acknowledge his greatness.

尽管我们不喜欢他,但必须承认他的伟大。

原句②:Although I lost money, we got a lot of experience.

倒装句②:Lose money as I did, we got a lot of experience.

钱虽然丢了,我们却得到了许多经验。

原句③:Although it is raining hard, I’m going out for a walk.

倒装句③:Raining hard as it is, I’m going out for a walk.

虽然正在下着大雨,我还是要出去散步。

 

as结构清楚了吧,现在我们看看as结构到底属于我们之前讲过的哪类倒装,是完全倒装,还是部分倒装呢?我把倒装后的as例句再都单列出来,用黄色背景标出强调部分。

Child as he is, he knows a lot about Chinese history.

Successful as he is, he is not proud.

Fast as you read, you can’t finish the book in two days.

Dislike him as we may, we must acknowledge his greatness.

Lose money as I did, we got a lot of experience.

Raining hard as it is, I’m going out for a walk.

那倒装部分在哪里呢?有同学说最后三个例句谓语动词有一部分提前到主语前面去了,所以那三句话应该是部分倒装。那就再回忆一下两种倒装句中谓语动词提前的情况。完全倒装:谓语动词全部提前;部分倒装:谓语动词中的系动词、情态动词、助动词部分提前。可是,看上述的后三个例句,提前的都是谓语动词的实意动词部分,而系动词、情态动词、助动词部分都乖乖地留在了主语的后面,还是正常的语序,所以不是倒装!!!拿第一个例句为例,如果要真按照倒装的规则写的话,此句的前半部分应该是:Child is as heChild as is he

 

而很多语法书的编撰者并没有看出这个细节,把倒装句的强调部分和倒装部分混为一谈,看到as引导的句子有一部分提前到句首,就以为是倒装了,并把它归为部分倒装,其实那只是强调部分,而非倒装部分。我曾辅导过一省级第一名校的学生,他在学校的英语老师是教研组长,省级名师,倒是看出了as的倒装与之前的两种常见倒装不同,就命名为半倒装。OMG,能不能正经起个名字啊!半倒装和之前讲过的部分倒装有神马区别啊,半倒装是50%倒装?部分倒装是大于50%或小于50%的倒装?拜托,这不是数学课。。。

 

《甄嬛传》里甄嬛参加选秀时除了被封了位,还被赐号“莞”。既然语法书都把as结构当做倒装,那么朕退让一步,就封它为倒装吧,并赐号“假”。第三种倒装隆重出炉:假倒装!(有一本很权威的语法书把这种倒装称为形式倒装,说得太委婉了,太曲折了,不如我命名的一针见血。)

 

关于假倒装,还得扩展一下它的一个考试重点。as,though, although, while都有尽管的意思,引导让步状语从句,但as必须引导假倒装(也就是说as当尽管讲的时候,不能用正常语序)althoughwhile必须用正常语序,though既可以用假倒装的形式也可以用正常语序。

例句:

Trouble as (或though) he has, he is happy.

Although (或while或though) he has trouble, he is happy.

 

讲到现在,倒装都讲到了,但那都是需要理解的,最终需要记的就是几句口诀:倒装分三类,部分完全;先看啥开头,再去提前地点nowthen,动词全提前;否定onlyso,提前so里有特殊,附和不提as必是假,只不提

 

高考英语,微信唯一认证公众平台,搜索微信号kao24-com,随时随地学习英语。有用的文章和资料建议收藏或转载共享,独乐乐不如众乐乐!(如果转载在非微信平台,那一定要尊重为师的版权,注明:转载自“高考英语”唯一认证微信公众平台,微信号kao24-com)

 

真题检验,做完的童鞋在对话框发送倒装答案,看看你能对多少,期待大家报喜哦。

 

 

 

1. _______, his idea was accepted by all the people at the meeting.

A. Strange as might it sound 

B. As it might sound strange

C. As strange it might sound

D. Strange as it might sound

2. For a moment nothing happened. Then _______ all shouting together.   

A. voices had come      B. came voices    

C. voices would come    D. did voices come

3. --- You forgot your purse when you went out. 

   --- Good heavens, _______.

A. so did I   B. so I did   C. I did so   D. I so did

4. I’ve tried very hard to improve my English. But by no means _____with my progress.

A. the teacher is not satisfied 

B. is the teacher not satisfied   

C. the teacher is satisfied             

D. is the teacher satisfied

5. Only when your identity has been checked, ______.

A. you are allowed in B. you will be allowed in  

C. will you allow in  D. will you be allowed in

6. _______ I really don’t like art,I find his work impressive.

A. As     B. Since     C. If        D. While

7. Not until I came home last night ________ to bed.  

A. Mum did go    B. did Mum go  

C. went Mum      D. Mum went

8. ______ about wild plants that they decided to make a trip to Madagascar for further research.

A. So curious the couple was           

B. So curious were the couple

C. How curious the couple were        

D. The couple was such curious

9. In the dark forests ________, some large enough to hold several English towns.  

A.stand many lakes       B.lie many lakes   

C.many lakes lie  D.many lakes stand

10. — I would never come to this restaurant again. The food is terrible! 

    — _____.

A. Nor am I       B. Neither would I  

C. Same with me   D. So do I

 

回复“倒装答案”可以看答案

回复“倒装答案解析”可以看答案解析

 

======高考英语四哥割======

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